Pharmacological Research - Natural Products最新文献

{"title":"GC-MS profiling, anticancer activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. hydroalcoholic fruit extract against colorectal cancer cells, and In Silico targeting of BRAF in the serrated pathway","authors":"Mahalakshmi Devaraji ,&nbsp;Punniyakoti Veeraveedu Thanikachalam ,&nbsp;H. Mohamed Ishaq ,&nbsp;D. Vidhya Varshini ,&nbsp;Karthika Ramesh ,&nbsp;Kannan R. Ramaswamy","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer effects of Moringa oleifera fruit extracts and their bioactive polyphenols, specifically quercetin and kaempferol, against colorectal cancer cell lines, and to validate their molecular interactions with relevant target proteins through in silico and in vitro approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis were conducted to identify the phytochemical composition of <em>Moringa oleifera</em>. Anticancer activity was evaluated using MTT assay against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, microscopy, and AO/EtBr staining. Additionally, molecular docking, ADMET analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to assess the binding affinity and stability of major phytoconstituents against BRAF V600E—a mutation in the BRAF gene implicated in colorectal cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The hydroalcoholic fruit extract confirmed the presence of key secondary metabolites. GC-MS identified 26 bioactive compounds, with (<em>E</em>)-9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester and cis-Vaccenic acid in high quantities. The extract showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in MTT assays against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, with an IC₅₀ of 13.076 ± 3.288 µg/ml. Apoptotic effects were evident through AO/EtBr staining and phase-contrast microscopy, with outcomes comparable to Paclitaxel. In silico, 10 major phytoconstituents were docked with BRAF V600E kinase (PDB ID: 6XFP), an oncogenic target in colorectal cancer. Quercetin and Kaempferol showed stronger binding affinities (-11.1685 and −10.4259 kcal/mol) than Encorafenib (-10.0141 kcal/mol). MD simulations confirmed the stability of the Quercetin–BRAF complex, while Kaempferol showed lower stability.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This is the first report on the anticancer effects of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> fruit extract against colorectal cancer via BRAF targeting. Quercetin emerged as a promising natural BRAF inhibitor, meriting further in vivo validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotherapeutic effects of Erythrina velutina Willd. extracts: A systematic review","authors":"Cláudia Bernadete de Souza Lira,&nbsp;Janaína Vital de Albuquerque,&nbsp;Thâmarah de Albuquerque Lima,&nbsp;Leydianne Leite de Siqueira Patriota,&nbsp;Thiago Henrique Napoleão","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review analyzed and synthesized current evidence on the therapeutic effects of <em>Erythrina velutina</em> Willd. extracts, with a particular focus on their application in the treatment of nervous system diseases and disorders. The objective was to identify the biological activities of these extracts and their relevance in managing conditions such as anxiety, depression, and other neurological pathologies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and Scopus databases, with no temporal restrictions. After applying relevant search terms and exclusion criteria, 12 studies were selected: 11 were conducted <em>in vivo</em> (two of which included complementary <em>in vitro</em> analysis and one also incorporating <em>ex vivo</em> experiments), and 1 was performed exclusively <em>in vitro</em>. Notably, <em>E. velutina</em> extracts demonstrated anxiolytic and neuroprotective properties, along with beneficial effects on sleep regulation, memory, and motor function. Several studies also explored their potential roles in pain modulation and in experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, as well as psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. Despite methodological differences across studies, the findings consistently support the therapeutic potential of <em>E. velutina</em>, particularly in relation to central nervous system depression, cognitive enhancement, and antioxidant activity. However, a significant gap remains in the chemical characterization of the extracts. In conclusion, <em>E. velutina</em> emerges as a promising candidate for further research and development of safer, more effective therapeutic agents, while also contributing to the validation of its traditional medicinal uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated binary classification and machine learning approach to decode curcumin's mitigation of cypermethrin-induced hepatorenal injury: Experimental and computational analysis","authors":"Hamid Rehman ,&nbsp;Nida Gul ,&nbsp;Khurshid Ahmad ,&nbsp;Mazhar Iqbal ,&nbsp;Aqib Hassan Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Rehan Naeem","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the protective role of <em>Curcuma longa</em> L. extract (curcumin, CMN) against cypermethrin (CYP)-induced hepatic and renal injury in male albino rabbits. Animals were divided into four groups: control, CYP (25 mg kg⁻¹), CMN (50 mg kg⁻¹), and combined CYP + CMN, treated orally for 45 days. CYP administration markedly reduced hepatic and renal antioxidant enzymes, including SOD (47 %), CAT (39 %), and GPx (42 %), while elevating lipid peroxidation (61 %) and serum markers of liver (ALT 2.6-fold, AST 2.3-fold, ALP 2.1-fold) and kidney dysfunction was also increased (urea 58 %, creatinine 52 %). Co-treatment with CMN significantly restored antioxidant enzyme activities toward control levels (p &lt; 0.01), normalized lipid profile indices, and improved histopathological architecture of hepatic and renal tissues. To complement experimental results, a computational regression model was trained on data to identify major predictors of CYP-induced oxidative stress. Binary classification model was developed to distinguish CYP-exposed (toxic) from CMN-protected (non-toxic) conditions using the same biochemical and enzymatic feature set. The classifier achieved outstanding performance, with overall accuracy of 100 %<strong>,</strong> area under the ROC curve <strong>(</strong>AUC = 1.0<strong>),</strong> precision <strong>(</strong>0.96<strong>),</strong> and recall <strong>(</strong>0.94<strong>),</strong> confirming a clear separation between the two physiological states. The Random forest model showed high predictive accuracy (R² = 0.98, RMSE = 29.20, MAPE = 1.1 %) The most discriminative predictors included SOD<strong>,</strong> GPX<strong>,</strong> and VLDL<strong>,</strong> of liver which consistently ranked among the top features in both regression and classification analyses. These results reinforce the experimental observations that hepatic antioxidant enzymes and lipid-associated parameters serve as reliable biomarkers for distinguishing oxidative injury from curcumin-mediated protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of abietic acid against sodium valproate induced autism in male and female rat pups","authors":"Prity Lather,&nbsp;Dinesh Dhingra","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Two FDA approved drugs such as risperidone and aripiprazole have been reported to treat some symptoms of ASD in children and adolescents. But both these drugs have side effects. Therefore, it is worthwhile to explore safer alternatives such as medicinal plants and bioactive compounds for management of autism. Abietic acid, a resin present in various species of <em>Pinus</em>. It exhibits anti-depressant, memory improving, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, suggesting its potential to ameliorate autism–like symptoms. The current study investigated the effect of abietic acid on sodium valproate- induced autism in male and female rat pups to assess sex- specific responses. For inducing autism, 400 mg/kg of sodium valproate was injected subcutaneously to pregnant female rats on 12th day of gestation. Abietic acid (7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard drugs (diazepam, fluoxetine, and donepezil, i.p.) were given to separate groups of autistic pups from 26th to 40th postnatal days. Behavioural assessments revealed that autistic pups were depressed; showed repetitive and anxious behaviours; showed impairment of learning and memory; and impairment of social interaction; and increased locomotion. Biochemical analysis showed increased brain oxidative stress parameters, acetylcholinesterase activity, neuro-inflammation and apoptosis along with decreased mitochondrial complexes activities. Abietic acid (15, 30 mg/kg) remarkably reversed these behavioural deficits and restored biochemical parameters towards normal in both male and female autistic pups. These findings indicated that abietic acid produced significant neuro-protective effects in autistic pups, possibly through inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, amelioration of neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Overall, this study highlights the potential of abietic acid as a natural intervention for management of autism-like behaviours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of gamma radiation on physical properties, chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell.","authors":"Yelina González Pérez ,&nbsp;Ivan García-Fornaris ,&nbsp;Daniel Milian Pérez ,&nbsp;Abel Gámez Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Raquel Milani ,&nbsp;Antonio Celso Dantas Antonino ,&nbsp;Yaicel Ge Proenza","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The essential oils (EOs) from <em>Eucalyptus</em> species have high contents of oxygenated monoterpenes, demonstrated important antibacterial properties and are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. However, the stability and efficacy of EOs can be affected by environmental factors, such as exposure to radiation. The present study investigates the impact of gamma radiation on the chemical composition, physical properties and antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) from the leaves of <em>Eucalyptus pellita</em> F. Muell. The EO was extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry before and after exposure to 5–25 kGy of gamma radiation. The antibacterial activity of the EO was evaluated against two Gram-negative (G–), and two Gram-positive (G+) bacterial strains by the disk diffusion method. The gamma irradiation at the tested doses induced significant changes in the EO: reduction in monoterpenes such as eucalyptol and α-pinene, increase in sesquiterpenes, appearance of oxygenated compounds derived from radiolysis, and a notable increase in the density and refraction index. These modifications are further reflected in the antibacterial efficacy of the EO. The diameter of inhibition of the EO against the G– bacterial strains expands from average 9.9 to 13.2 ± 0.6 mm, and decreases from average 22.0 to 18.3 ± 0.8 mm against the G+ strains. These findings suggest that gamma radiation may be used to handle composition and antimicrobial properties of EOs for potential applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological and Computational Exploration of Ulva flexuosa: Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antidiabetic, Antipyretic, and Cytotoxic Insights for Drug Discovery","authors":"Md. Jahirul Islam Mamun ,&nbsp;Md. Hossain Rasel ,&nbsp;Md. Tanvir Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Md. Mahmudul Hasan ,&nbsp;Miton Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Thamjeed Mohaimeen ,&nbsp;Md Anower Kader ,&nbsp;Mohammad Wahiduzzaman ,&nbsp;Mohammad Forkanul Hamid ,&nbsp;S. M. Moazzem Hossen","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, <em>Ulva flexuosa</em>, a green tide seaweed, has proliferated in China's Yellow Sea. This study evaluated the pharmacological potential of its acetone extract (AEUF) through <em>in vitro</em>, <em>in vivo</em>, and computational methods. AEUF exhibited moderate to significant antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 194.53 µg/mL (DPPH) and 50.78 µg/mL (ABTS). It showed notable anti-inflammatory effects in both HRBC membrane stabilization and carrageenan-induced paw edema models. For antidiabetic assessment, AEUF demonstrated strong α-amylase inhibition (IC₅₀ = 65.9 µg/mL) and significant hypoglycemic activity (p &lt; 0.001) in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Cytotoxicity evaluation via brine shrimp lethality assay revealed mild toxicity (LC₅₀ = 407.24 µg/mL), indicating a favorable safety profile. Molecular docking, PASS prediction, and ADME/T analyses supported the experimental results, highlighting the bioactive compounds’ binding affinity and drug-like properties. Overall, AEUF displays promising antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and hypoglycemic activities, with low cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that <em>U. flexuosa</em> is a valuable natural resource with significant pharmacological potential, particularly for managing oxidative stress, inflammation, and diabetes. Further studies are warranted to isolate active constituents and explore their mechanisms of action. This work underscores the importance of underutilized marine algae as a source of novel therapeutic agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial properties of leaf extracts of Coldenia procumbens L. and determination of phytochemical constituents using FT-IR and GC-MS","authors":"Chandrasekaran Yuvasri ,&nbsp;Devarajan Dhanavel ,&nbsp;Venugopalan Venkatesalu ,&nbsp;Mannathusamy Gopalakrishanan","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herbal plants have been investigated for their potential in therapeutic drugs, food additives, agrochemicals, industrial chemicals, and various other applications. A significant number of pharmaceutical companies are allocating substantial resources to develop cost-effective natural medications derived from plant extracts. <em>Coldenia procumbens</em> L. is a prostrate herb characterised by small, alternating leaves. It is found throughout India, thriving in various environments from barren lands to paddy fields, and is commonly regarded as a weed species. This study aimed to assess the qualitative phytochemical constituents, characterise the phytocompounds using FT-IR and GC-MS, and evaluate the antibacterial potential of <em>C. procumbens</em>. The specimen was gathered from natural habitats in Kurinjipadi village, located in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. The extract underwent preliminary phytochemical screening to identify various phytochemical constituents, following the methodology outlined by Harborne (1998). The functional groups were identified using FT-IR, and the compounds were profiled through GC-MS analysis. The evaluation of antibacterial activities of crude extracts was conducted utilising the agar well diffusion method across different concentration levels of 25, 50, 75 and 100 µg/ml. Total of 14 notable compounds were detected via GC-MS analysis from three separate extracts. The most significant zone of inhibition noted in the antibacterial assessment was for <em>S. aureus,</em> measuring 28.91 ± 0.53 mm. This was succeeded by <em>E. faecalis</em> at 15.45 ± 0.46 mm and <em>E. coli</em> at 18.44 ± 0.38 mm, utilising petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts respectively. The findings highlight the potential of these plant-derived extracts as sources of natural antibacterial agents. The findings highlight the potential of these plant-derived extracts as effective natural antibacterial agents capable of strongly inhibiting pathogenic bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation in phytochemical composition, quantitative analysis, and antioxidant activity of bulb extract from Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth","authors":"Uday Sahu ,&nbsp;Shriram Kunjam","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Urginea indica</em> (Roxb.) Kunth is an important medicinal geophyte that has been traditionally used to treat a wide range of ailments, particularly cardiac and respiratory disorders. Its therapeutic value is largely attributed to the rich diversity of bioactive secondary metabolites present in the plant.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The aim of this study is to investigate the seasonal effect in the phytochemical constituents of the bulb of <em>Urginea indica</em> (Roxb.) Kunth, both qualitatively and quantitatively, as well as the antioxidant activity of the methanolic plant extract.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>In this study, bulb samples were collected across three distinct seasons (rainy, winter, and summer) and then extracted using aqueous, acetone, and methanol solvents through the Soxhlet apparatus. The antioxidant activity was analyzed by the DPPH assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Quantitative analysis revealed that phenolic (3.799 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (0.922 mg QE/g) contents were highest in winter, followed by summer (1.550 mg GAE/g and 0.800 mg QE/g, respectively), and their lowest concentrations in the rainy season (0.547 mg GAE/g and 0.405 mg QE/g). On the other hand, steroid (7.6 µg/g) and alkaloid (43.94 %) content were highest in the rainy season, reflecting their role in plant defense and growth. Antioxidant activity, determined by the DPPH assay, was concentration-dependent, scavenging activity with the methanolic extract having an IC₅₀ value of 584.172 µg/ml, although less potent than ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ = 36.961 µg/ml). The observed activity supports the potential medicinal relevance of <em>U. indica</em> as a natural source of bioactive compounds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This research highlights the seasonal and solvent-dependent variation in the distribution of bioactive compounds in <em>U. indica</em> bulbs, indicating their potent antioxidant activity and potential medicinal value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of gallic acid and diosgenin in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A comprehensive review","authors":"Trilochan Satapathy ,&nbsp;Mansi Verma ,&nbsp;Poonam Sahu ,&nbsp;Anjali Minj","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Liver diseases remain a major global health concern, highlighting the need for safe and effective therapeutic alternatives. Plant-derived bioactives such as gallic acid and diosgenin have gained prominence due to their strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. Gallic acid, a phenolic compound found in fruits and herbs, and diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin from Dioscorea species, support liver health by reducing oxidative stress, regulating inflammatory markers, restoring hepatic enzymes, and enhancing detoxification pathways including UGTs, GST, and CYP450 enzymes.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2000 and October 2024. Keywords used included “gallic acid,” “diosgenin,” “hepatoprotective,” “NAFLD,” “ALD,” “fibrosis,” “cirrhosis,” “DILI,” “oxidative stress,” “inflammation,” “TGF-β/Smad,” “PPAR-α,” “AMPK,” and detoxification-related terms. The search identified 1246 articles, with 934 remaining after duplicate removal. After screening and full-text evaluation of 186 articles based on relevance, mechanistic insights, and quality criteria, 112 studies were included in this review.</div></div><div><h3>Scope and approach</h3><div>This review examines the hepatoprotective effects of gallic acid and diosgenin across liver conditions such as ALD, NAFLD, DILI, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. It highlights their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, lipid-regulating, and detoxification-enhancing activities, focusing on key pathways including PPAR-α, AMPK, and TGF-β/Smad. Challenges such as low bioavailability and limited clinical evidence are also addressed.</div></div><div><h3>Key findings and conclusions</h3><div>Gallic acid and diosgenin demonstrate significant hepatoprotective potential, offering effects comparable to standard therapies with superior safety profiles. However, their clinical application is limited by poor solubility, low bioavailability, and inconsistent formulations. Enhancing pharmacokinetics, developing advanced delivery systems, and conducting robust clinical trials are crucial next steps. Overall, both compounds emerge as promising natural candidates for preventive and integrative liver therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive physicochemical, spectroscopic, and biological evaluation of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: From GC-MS profiling to ADMET prediction","authors":"Mustapha Mouzaki ,&nbsp;Khadija El Ouardy ,&nbsp;Soufiane El Megdar ,&nbsp;Zakaria benchama ,&nbsp;Fatima Hamadi ,&nbsp;Abdelaziz Elamrani ,&nbsp;Zohra Lemkhente ,&nbsp;Youssef Mir","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2026.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The essential oil (EO) of <em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> collected from Ouarzazate, Morocco, showed significant antibacterial, antioxidant and antibiofilm activities. A comprehensive physicochemical characterization identified the major bioactive compounds responsible for these effects. The EO was obtained through hydrodistillation, and the chemical composition of the extracted EO was analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Physicochemical characterization included Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, optical rotation (°), refractive index, solubility, and density measurements. The major EO constituents were identified as α-pinene, eucalyptol, and camphor, with physicochemical properties such as an optical rotation of + 6.5°, a refractive index of 1.47, and a density of 0.792. Antioxidant activity, assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, showed 52 % inhibition, while antibacterial tests demonstrated strong inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria growth, with inhibition zones ranging from 7.33 mm (<em>P. aeruginosa</em>) to 20.83 mm (<em>K. pneumoniae</em>), while MICs varied from 0.20 µL/ml (<em>B. clausii</em>) to 6.45 µL/ml (<em>Enterococcus spp</em>. and <em>MDR E. coli</em>). Additionally significant antibiofilm activity was observed with highest against <em>S. aureus</em> (96 % inhibition at MIC) and lowest against <em>E. coli</em> (46 % at MIC/4). Molecular docking and ADMET in silico studies were consistent with previous in vitro findings, revealing favourable binding affinities and pharmacokinetic properties. This study confirms rosemary EO's potential as an effective antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm agent. Therefore <em>R. officinalis</em> essential oil may serve as a promising natural therapeutic component for use in traditional medicine, aromatherapy, and future pharmaceutical formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}