Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100170
Sheikh Hasibur Rahman , Md. Shafiqul Islam , Kazi Nadim Hossain , Subroto Sarker , Most. Reshma Akter , Md. Arman Ali , Md. Tariqul Islam , Shams Ara Khan , Na’il Saleh , Muhammad Torequl Islam
Oxidative stress can trigger many diseases, including diabetes. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activity of crude extracts of Diospyros malabarica root bark. Phytochemical analysis revealed saponins, tannins, glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, and flavonoids as major phytochemicals in the extracts. Antioxidant potentials of extracts were measured using in vitro total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging, and ferric reducing power assays. The anti-diabetic potential was measured by in vitro α-amylase inhibitory and in vivo oral glucose tolerance tests in mice. Findings suggest that hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) possessed a higher amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents together with substantial DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing capacity compared to other fractions. It also showed 29.59 ± 2.04 % of α-amylase inhibitory capacity at 2 mg/mL and reduced blood glucose by 59.04 ± 1.67 % at 120 minutes. In all cases, CHE exhibited better activities than the petroleum ether fraction (PEF), chloroform fraction (CHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and aqueous fraction (AQF) of the plant. Taken together, Diospyros malabarica root bark might be a good source of antioxidant and anti-diabetic phytoconstituents and may be useful for reducing oxidative stress and relevant complications, for example, diabetes.
{"title":"Phytochemical screening and evaluation for the antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel root bark extracts","authors":"Sheikh Hasibur Rahman , Md. Shafiqul Islam , Kazi Nadim Hossain , Subroto Sarker , Most. Reshma Akter , Md. Arman Ali , Md. Tariqul Islam , Shams Ara Khan , Na’il Saleh , Muhammad Torequl Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress can trigger many diseases, including diabetes. This study investigated the phytochemical composition, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic activity of crude extracts of <em>Diospyros malabarica</em> root bark. Phytochemical analysis revealed saponins, tannins, glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, and flavonoids as major phytochemicals in the extracts. Antioxidant potentials of extracts were measured using <em>in vitro</em> total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging, and ferric reducing power assays. The anti-diabetic potential was measured by <em>in vitro</em> α-amylase inhibitory and <em>in vivo</em> oral glucose tolerance tests in mice. Findings suggest that hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) possessed a higher amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents together with substantial DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing capacity compared to other fractions. It also showed 29.59 ± 2.04 % of α-amylase inhibitory capacity at 2 mg/mL and reduced blood glucose by 59.04 ± 1.67 % at 120 minutes. In all cases, CHE exhibited better activities than the petroleum ether fraction (PEF), chloroform fraction (CHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and aqueous fraction (AQF) of the plant. Taken together, <em>Diospyros malabarica</em> root bark might be a good source of antioxidant and anti-diabetic phytoconstituents and may be useful for reducing oxidative stress and relevant complications, for example, diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100171
Víctor Hugo Hernández-Elizárraga , Norma Beatriz Olguín López
Research on marine bioactive compounds has increased significantly. These marine natural products have industrial, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical applications. Venomous cnidarians are a fundamental source of bioactive molecules. Millepora “fire coral” species (Phylum cnidaria) are the second most copious coral reef-forming and possess sticking toxic properties. Millepora hydrocorals sting can inflict a painful local reaction and systemic effects in humans. Here, we present the state of the art for the principal biological activities identified from these venomous organisms with classical and modern approaches. This study also includes a review of the general features of organisms of the genus Millepora, the existing toxinological reports, and the prospects for hydrocoral research. We aim to openly share information on Millepora toxin expertise to enable the invention of novel drugs and biotechnological and research tools.
{"title":"Millepora “fire coral” toxins: An overview of their biological activities","authors":"Víctor Hugo Hernández-Elizárraga , Norma Beatriz Olguín López","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on marine bioactive compounds has increased significantly. These marine natural products have industrial, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical applications. Venomous cnidarians are a fundamental source of bioactive molecules. <em>Millepora</em> “fire coral” species (Phylum cnidaria) are the second most copious coral reef-forming and possess sticking toxic properties. <em>Millepora</em> hydrocorals sting can inflict a painful local reaction and systemic effects in humans. Here, we present the state of the art for the principal biological activities identified from these venomous organisms with classical and modern approaches. This study also includes a review of the general features of organisms of the genus <em>Millepora</em>, the existing toxinological reports, and the prospects for hydrocoral research. We aim to openly share information on <em>Millepora</em> toxin expertise to enable the invention of novel drugs and biotechnological and research tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100169
David Chukwuma Nwikwe , Nnaemeka Tobechukwu Asogwa , Olusegun George Ademowo , Elizabeth Abidemi Balogun
Resistance has been a major battle confronting researchers since the first synthetic antimalarials were developed, prompting endemic regions to seek alternate remedy. Capsicum frutescens L. (CFL) fruit is one of such plants used locally to treat fever and malaria. However, there is dearth of information on the most promising in vivo antiplasmodial candidate between crude and solvent-partitioned extractions in animal models. Water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane were used to extract, assess, and compare the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of CFL crude extracts and solvent-partitioned extracts in chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei (NK-65)-infected mice. 368 adult albino mice (both sexes) were used; 56 females for toxicity tests, 136 for three extracts and 176 for four fractions using suppressive and curative models. Mice were randomly grouped into five (n = 4) for treatment, while a group for control and a group for choroquine were separately maintained throughout for the crudes and fractions. Group A= 0.2 ml normal saline, group B= 10 mg/kg body weight chloroquine, while groups C-G= 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/kg body weight CFL respectively for each extract and fraction. All experiments were performed using standard methods. LD50 for both crude extracts and solvent fractions was > 20 mg/kg. Aqueous extract had better antiplasmodial performance among the three extracts while residual fraction did among the four fractions, for both suppressive and curative models. Aqueous fractions had higher concentrations of metabolites, better in vivo antiplasmodial activities, and more prolonged lifespan than crude extracts. CFL administration significantly resisted body weight loss, drop in packed cell volume, and fall in rectal temperature caused by the parasites. This action was more prominent in the fractions than in extracts, especially at 2.0 mg/kg. Therefore, this study established that aqueous extraction is preferable for Capsicum and that crude extraction is not sufficient to harness the in vivo antiplasmodial potential, hence justifying use of water for the preparation in local communities as alternative medicine.
{"title":"Study on antimalarial activity of Capsicum frutescens L. fruit extracts during early and established Plasmodium infection in mice","authors":"David Chukwuma Nwikwe , Nnaemeka Tobechukwu Asogwa , Olusegun George Ademowo , Elizabeth Abidemi Balogun","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resistance has been a major battle confronting researchers since the first synthetic antimalarials were developed, prompting endemic regions to seek alternate remedy. <em>Capsicum frutescens</em> L. (CFL) fruit is one of such plants used locally to treat fever and malaria. However, there is dearth of information on the most promising <em>in vivo</em> antiplasmodial candidate between crude and solvent-partitioned extractions in animal models. Water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane were used to extract, assess, and compare the <em>in vivo</em> antiplasmodial activity of CFL crude extracts and solvent-partitioned extracts in chloroquine-sensitive <em>Plasmodium berghei (</em>NK-65)-infected mice. 368 adult albino mice (both sexes) were used; 56 females for toxicity tests, 136 for three extracts and 176 for four fractions using suppressive and curative models. Mice were randomly grouped into five (n = 4) for treatment, while a group for control and a group for choroquine were separately maintained throughout for the crudes and fractions. Group A= 0.2 ml normal saline, group B= 10 mg/kg body weight chloroquine, while groups C-G= 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg/kg body weight CFL respectively for each extract and fraction. All experiments were performed using standard methods. LD<sub>50</sub> for both crude extracts and solvent fractions was > 20 mg/kg. Aqueous extract had better antiplasmodial performance among the three extracts while residual fraction did among the four fractions, for both suppressive and curative models. Aqueous fractions had higher concentrations of metabolites, better <em>in vivo</em> antiplasmodial activities, and more prolonged lifespan than crude extracts. CFL administration significantly resisted body weight loss, drop in packed cell volume, and fall in rectal temperature caused by the parasites. This action was more prominent in the fractions than in extracts, especially at 2.0 mg/kg. Therefore, this study established that aqueous extraction is preferable for <em>Capsicum</em> and that crude extraction is not sufficient to harness the <em>in vivo</em> antiplasmodial potential, hence justifying use of water for the preparation in local communities as alternative medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100166
José Thyálisson da Costa Silva , Rafael Pereira da Cruz , Miriam Rolón , Cathia Coronel , Celeste Vega Gómez , José Jailson Lima Bezerra , Marcos Aurélio Figueirêdo dos Santos , Raimundo Samuel Leite Sampaio , Viviane Bezerra da Silva , Nathallia Correia da Silva , Ana Letícia Gonçalves Pereira , Vanessa Leopoldino Coelho Rodrigues , Bárbara Fernandes Melo , Saulo Almeida Menezes , Tiana Tasca , Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga , Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho , José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and trichomoniasis are neglected diseases caused by protozoan parasites that affect human and animal health. The species Attalea speciosa Mart., Syagrus cearensis Noblick, and Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex R.Keith are used by traditional communities in Brazil and Bolivia for the treatment of leishmaniasis and other infectious diseases. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antiparasitic activity, and cytotoxicity in vitro and in silico of fixed oils from these palm trees. Phytochemical analysis of fixed oils from A. aculeata (OFAA), A. speciosa (OFAS), and S. cearensis (OFSC) revealed similar composition, with lauric acid being predominant in the three species (41.71–47.21 %). It was demonstrated that OFAA, OFAS, and OFSC did not present trichomonacidal (inhibition ranging from 0 % to 2.06 %) or trypanocidal (inhibition ranging from 10.39 % to 14.14 %) activity. The most relevant results were observed against Leishmania amazonensis (inhibition ranging from 40.39 % to 42.24 %). No cytotoxicity of OFAA, OFAS, and OFSC was observed when evaluated in NCTC 929 fibroblasts. The in silico test showed that the major compound lauric acid also did not present relevant toxicity. Despite not exhibiting antiparasitic activity against strains of Trichomonas vaginalis and Trypanosoma cruzi, the fixed oils of the three species evaluated showed a moderate effect against the pathogen L. amazonensis.
{"title":"Chemical composition, antiparasitic activity, and cytotoxicity of fixed oils from Attalea speciosa Mart., Syagrus cearensis Noblick, and Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex R.Keith","authors":"José Thyálisson da Costa Silva , Rafael Pereira da Cruz , Miriam Rolón , Cathia Coronel , Celeste Vega Gómez , José Jailson Lima Bezerra , Marcos Aurélio Figueirêdo dos Santos , Raimundo Samuel Leite Sampaio , Viviane Bezerra da Silva , Nathallia Correia da Silva , Ana Letícia Gonçalves Pereira , Vanessa Leopoldino Coelho Rodrigues , Bárbara Fernandes Melo , Saulo Almeida Menezes , Tiana Tasca , Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga , Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho , José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, and trichomoniasis are neglected diseases caused by protozoan parasites that affect human and animal health. The species <em>Attalea speciosa</em> Mart., <em>Syagrus cearensis</em> Noblick, and <em>Acrocomia aculeata</em> (Jacq.) Lodd. ex R.Keith are used by traditional communities in Brazil and Bolivia for the treatment of leishmaniasis and other infectious diseases. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, antiparasitic activity, and cytotoxicity <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in silico</em> of fixed oils from these palm trees. Phytochemical analysis of fixed oils from <em>A. aculeata</em> (OFAA), <em>A. speciosa</em> (OFAS), and <em>S. cearensis</em> (OFSC) revealed similar composition, with lauric acid being predominant in the three species (41.71–47.21 %). It was demonstrated that OFAA, OFAS, and OFSC did not present trichomonacidal (inhibition ranging from 0 % to 2.06 %) or trypanocidal (inhibition ranging from 10.39 % to 14.14 %) activity. The most relevant results were observed against <em>Leishmania amazonensis</em> (inhibition ranging from 40.39 % to 42.24 %). No cytotoxicity of OFAA, OFAS, and OFSC was observed when evaluated in NCTC 929 fibroblasts. The <em>in silico</em> test showed that the major compound lauric acid also did not present relevant toxicity. Despite not exhibiting antiparasitic activity against strains of <em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em> and <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em>, the fixed oils of the three species evaluated showed a moderate effect against the pathogen <em>L. amazonensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100168
Aderaw Anteneh Belew, Shushay Hagos Gebre
This study examined the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of four medicinal plants: Amomum subulatum, Lippia adoensis, Coriandrum sativum, and Ruta chalepensis. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Lippia adoensis demonstrated the highest levels of both phenolics (50 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (20.5 ± 1.2 mg QE/g), followed by Ruta chalepensis. Lippia adoensis also exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity across all assays, with the lowest IC50 values in DPPH and ABTS assays and the highest FRAP value. A significant correlation was found between phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity, suggesting that these compounds contribute significantly to the antioxidant properties of these plants. These findings highlight Lippia adoensis as a promising source of natural antioxidants with potential applications in various fields, including food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
{"title":"Comparative assessment of phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities in methanol extracts of spices from Jigjiga market, Ethiopia","authors":"Aderaw Anteneh Belew, Shushay Hagos Gebre","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of four medicinal plants: <em>Amomum subulatum</em>, <em>Lippia adoensis</em>, <em>Coriandrum sativum</em>, and <em>Ruta chalepensis</em>. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. <em>Lippia adoensis</em> demonstrated the highest levels of both phenolics (50 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (20.5 ± 1.2 mg QE/g), followed by <em>Ruta chalepensis</em>. <em>Lippia adoensis</em> also exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity across all assays, with the lowest IC<sub>50</sub> values in DPPH and ABTS assays and the highest FRAP value. A significant correlation was found between phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity, suggesting that these compounds contribute significantly to the antioxidant properties of these plants. These findings highlight <em>Lippia adoensis</em> as a promising source of natural antioxidants with potential applications in various fields, including food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143201850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100167
Ndidiamaka H. Okorie , Cyril C. Adonu , Charles O. Nnadi
Diarrhoea is a debilitating gastrointestinal disorder commonly affecting all age groups in the developing world due to lifestyle, hygiene and environmental factors. Most drugs used in the treatment of this disease have side effects and are out of reach in many rural areas. Hence a need to search for more tolerable, affordable and effective anti-diarrhoeal drugs from medicinal plants. The study evaluated the anti-motility and anti-secretory properties and phytochemical constituents of the leaves of Annona muricata. The dried coarse leaves were cold-macerated in methanol (95%v/v) and the resulting extract partitioned successively in n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water to afford their respective fractions using the solvent partition method. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods while acute toxicity of the extract was carried out by the method of Lorke. The anti-motility and antisecretory studies were evaluated using the castor oil-induced diarrhea model in experimental rats. The extraction of the leaves and fractionation of methanol extract yielded 3.5%w/w of the extract and 0.46, 1.45, 0.62 and 0.62%w/w of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate n-butanol and aqueous partitions respectively. The acute toxicity study indicated that there were no unusual behavioural changes and mortality at an administered dose of 5000 mg of extract per kg of mice. The extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) exhibited non-dose-dependent anti-diarrheal activity. The extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (200 and 400 mg/kg) elicited a significant anti-motility activity (p < 0.05) compared to untreated. Pre-treatment of rats with ethyl acetate fraction (400 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the action of carbachol on gastric emptying (82.0 ± 5.0% vs. 28.1 ± 8.2%),) and gastrointestinal transit (83.5 ± 7.6%, vs 30.10 ± 5.2%) but with no significant effect on the actions of serotonin and metoclopramide. The extract and ethyl acetate fraction of A. muricata demonstrated a significant anti-motility activity which could be mediated by the anticholinergic effect of its phytoconstituents.
{"title":"Evaluation of anti-motility and anti-secretory effects of Annona muricata leaves extract in castor oil-induced diarrhoeic rats","authors":"Ndidiamaka H. Okorie , Cyril C. Adonu , Charles O. Nnadi","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diarrhoea is a debilitating gastrointestinal disorder commonly affecting all age groups in the developing world due to lifestyle, hygiene and environmental factors. Most drugs used in the treatment of this disease have side effects and are out of reach in many rural areas. Hence a need to search for more tolerable, affordable and effective anti-diarrhoeal drugs from medicinal plants. The study evaluated the anti-motility and anti-secretory properties and phytochemical constituents of the leaves of <em>Annona muricata</em>. The dried coarse leaves were cold-macerated in methanol (95%v/v) and the resulting extract partitioned successively in <em>n</em>-hexane, ethyl acetate, <em>n</em>-butanol and water to afford their respective fractions using the solvent partition method. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods while acute toxicity of the extract was carried out by the method of Lorke. The anti-motility and antisecretory studies were evaluated using the castor oil-induced diarrhea model in experimental rats. The extraction of the leaves and fractionation of methanol extract yielded 3.5%w/w of the extract and 0.46, 1.45, 0.62 and 0.62%w/w of the <em>n</em>-hexane, ethyl acetate <em>n</em>-butanol and aqueous partitions respectively. The acute toxicity study indicated that there were no unusual behavioural changes and mortality at an administered dose of 5000<!--> <!-->mg of extract per kg of mice. The extract (200 and 400<!--> <!-->mg/kg) exhibited non-dose-dependent anti-diarrheal activity. The extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (200 and 400<!--> <!-->mg/kg) elicited a significant anti-motility activity (p < 0.05) compared to untreated. Pre-treatment of rats with ethyl acetate fraction (400<!--> <!-->mg/kg) significantly inhibited the action of carbachol on gastric emptying (82.0 ± 5.0% vs. 28.1 ± 8.2%),) and gastrointestinal transit (83.5 ± 7.6%, vs 30.10 ± 5.2%) but with no significant effect on the actions of serotonin and metoclopramide. The extract and ethyl acetate fraction of <em>A. muricata</em> demonstrated a significant anti-motility activity which could be mediated by the anticholinergic effect of its phytoconstituents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100163
Harshvardhan Pant , Sandeep Negi , Kumud Saklani , Subhash Chandra , Lucia Raquel de Lima , Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
Background
Ficus racemosa Linn is a well-known medicinal plant in various traditional systems of medicine and is used to treat kidney stones, biliary disorders, jaundice, diarrhea, inflammatory conditions, liver disorders, hemorrhoids, respiratory and urinary diseases. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic activity, antimicrobial activity, and nutritional profile of the fruit methanolic extract of F. racemosa.
Methods
Applying the alpha (α)-amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase enzymes and disc diffusion methods. Strong antidiabetic effects were seen in vitro and in vivo in the methanolic extract of the fruit portion of F. racemosa.
Results
The methanolic extract reduced blood glucose levels to the greatest extent (31.20% in vivo and 68.10% in vitro). The methanolic extract demonstrated potent activity at 16 mm and 15 mm against Staphylococcus and Bacillus ceresus with the disc diffusion method.
Conclusions
The methanolic crude extracts exhibit strong antidiabetic and antimicrobial activity, especially against Staphylococcus and Bacillus ceresus. Nutrients represent their potent pharmacological applications. The presence of secondary metabolites (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, and terpenoids) in the crude methanolic extract may cause its antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties.
{"title":"CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF FICUS RACEMOSA FRUIT METHANOLIC EXTRACT","authors":"Harshvardhan Pant , Sandeep Negi , Kumud Saklani , Subhash Chandra , Lucia Raquel de Lima , Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho","doi":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Ficus racemosa</em> Linn is a well-known medicinal plant in various traditional systems of medicine and is used to treat kidney stones, biliary disorders, jaundice, diarrhea, inflammatory conditions, liver disorders, hemorrhoids, respiratory and urinary diseases. We investigated the <em>in vitro and in vivo</em> antidiabetic activity, antimicrobial activity, and nutritional profile of the fruit methanolic extract of <em>F. racemosa</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Applying the alpha (α)-amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase enzymes and disc diffusion methods. Strong antidiabetic effects were seen <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> in the methanolic extract of the fruit portion of <em>F. racemosa</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The methanolic extract reduced blood glucose levels to the greatest extent (31.20% <em>in vivo</em> and 68.10% <em>in vitro</em>). The methanolic extract demonstrated potent activity at 16<!--> <!-->mm and 15<!--> <!-->mm against <em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Bacillus ceresus</em> with the disc diffusion method.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The methanolic crude extracts exhibit strong antidiabetic and antimicrobial activity, especially against <em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Bacillus ceresus.</em> Nutrients represent their potent pharmacological applications. The presence of secondary metabolites (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, and terpenoids) in the crude methanolic extract may cause its antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101014,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Natural Products","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liver diseases accounts for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide and current standard therapies often suffer from various challenges including inadequate efficacy and detrimental side effects. Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees is a seasonal plant endemic to Southeast Asia employed traditionally during in injury, respiratory infections, fever, headache, liver, and other gastrointestinal disorders. Andrographolide, a key active molecule of the plant exhibits broad range of pharmacological activities against various diseases.
Purpose
The aim of the review is to present all scientific evidences of traditional uses of A. paniculata and its important phytochemical constituent andrographolide on major liver diseases and other liver complications.
Materials and methods
We have collected the previous scientific reports by searching common databases like “Pubmed”, “Google scholar”, “Science direct”, “Research Gate” with primary search common keywords “andrographolide”, “Andrographis paniculata”, “traditional”, “Ethno* ”, “medicine”, “Liver” “Hepat* ” “Diseases” etc. to retrieve maximum possible literature reports. The initially collected reports were further screened for their inclusion based on peer-review status or other authenticity confirmable status of the report and actual relevance. In addition, books, thesis, reports retrieved through Google search engine from other open access sources were also included for further screening and inclusion.
Results
The medicinal plant A. paniculata used traditionally since time immemorial for various purposes including liver disorders. Andrographolide is generally tolerable and possibly does not induce significant toxicity. Andrographolide played important role in different pharmacodynamic process such as in oxidative disbalance, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and disruption of immune response, which are involved in the initiation of liver diseases. It targets various signaling pathways including TRL4/NFKB and TGFβ1/smad2, and p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 to ameliorate liver diseases. Clinical investigations of A. paniculata and andrographolide alone or in combined form have showed significant potential for their use in liver diseases.
Conclusions
Based on all the reported effects of A. paniculata plant gained through traditional clinical studies along with specific pharmacological efficacy of its constituent andrographolide, it can be viewed that there is a considerable potential of this plant for development of new preventive and therapeutic applications against hepatic diseases.
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