Straw-derived biochar regulates soil enzyme activities, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and enhances carbon accumulation in farmland under mulching

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-08-16 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109547

Yuhao Wang , Zhonghong Tian , Xiaoqun Li , Mengjie Zhang , Yujing Fang , Yingzhou Xiang , Yuchen Liu , Enke Liu , Zhikuan Jia , Kadambot H.M. Siddique , Wei Ting , Weijun Zhang , Peng Zhang

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Abstract

Context or problem

Film mulching can significantly increase crop yields, but long-term continuous mulching will reduce the soil fertility and lead to soil quality degradation. Incorporating exogenous carbon (C) is widely recognized as an effective countermeasure for improving degraded farmland soil under mulching in semiarid areas.

Objective or research question

We compared the effects of straw and biochar on the accumulation of C and soil biochemical properties in both mulched and non-mulched farmland, and investigated the effects of various types of straw inputs on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Methods

A field experiment was conducted to test six treatments: flat planting without mulching (NN), flat planting with straw incorporation (NS), flat planting with biochar incorporation (NB), film mulching (MN), film mulching with straw incorporation (MS), and film mulching with biochar incorporation (MB)]. Comprehensive assessments were conducted in Pengyang, Ningxia, China during the two growing seasons of 2020 and 2021.

Results

Mulching increased the soil hydrothermal conditions, maize yields (29.32 %), and GHG emissions (CO₂: 10.07 %; N₂O: 1.42 %) but decreased the soil organic C storage (SOCS: 6.91 %). Straw returning increased the plant fixed C (14.99 %), improved GHG emissions (CO₂: 4.95 %; N₂O: 4.33 %), and inhibited CH₄ uptake (3.78 %). Compared with MS, MB reduced the GHG emissions (CO₂: 9.93 %; N₂O: 20.97 %) and net global warming potential (7.08 %), but increased the SOCS (SOCS: 3.42 %), C efficiency ratio (CER: 26.93 %), CH₄ uptake (10.72 %), and soil enzyme activities (invertase: 6.48 %; urease: 13.76 %).

Conclusions

Incorporating biochar rather than straw has greater potential for enhancing the soil enzyme activities and C use efficiency while also reducing the GHG emissions and net global warming potential caused by mulching in dryland farming.

Implications or significance

In this study, we comprehensively compared the effects of incorporating straw, film mulching, and biochar incorporation on C accumulation, GHG emissions, and maize yields in dryland farming. Our findings provide a scientific basis for achieving green and sustainable high-yield production in mulched dryland farming.

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秸秆衍生的生物炭能调节土壤酶活性、减少温室气体排放并增强覆盖农田的碳积累

背景或问题薄膜覆盖可以显著提高作物产量，但长期连续覆盖会降低土壤肥力，导致土壤质量退化。掺入外源碳（C）被公认为是改善半干旱地区地膜覆盖下退化农田土壤的有效对策。目的或研究问题我们比较了秸秆和生物炭对地膜覆盖农田和非地膜覆盖农田的碳积累和土壤生物化学性质的影响，并研究了各种类型的秸秆投入对温室气体（GHG）排放的影响。方法通过田间试验测试了六种处理：无覆盖物的平地种植（NN）、掺入秸秆的平地种植（NS）、掺入生物炭的平地种植（NB）、薄膜覆盖（MN）、掺入秸秆的薄膜覆盖（MS）和掺入生物炭的薄膜覆盖（MB）]。结果地膜覆盖增加了土壤水热条件、玉米产量（29.32%）和温室气体排放量（CO2：10.07%；N2O：1.42%），但减少了土壤有机碳储量（SOCS：6.91%）。秸秆还田增加了植物固定碳（14.99 %），改善了温室气体排放（CO2：4.95 %；N2O：4.33 %），抑制了 CH4 吸收（3.78 %）。与 MS 相比，MB 减少了温室气体排放量（CO2：9.93 %；N2O：20.97 %）和净全球升温潜能值（7.08 %），但增加了 SOCS（SOCS：3.42 %）、C 效率比（CER：26.93 %）、CH4 吸收量（10.72 %）和土壤酶活性（转化酶：6.48 %；脲酶：13.76 %）。结论在旱地耕作中，掺入生物炭而不是秸秆更有可能提高土壤酶活性和碳利用效率，同时还能减少地膜覆盖造成的温室气体排放和净全球变暖潜势。影响或意义本研究全面比较了掺入秸秆、地膜覆盖和掺入生物炭对旱地耕作中碳积累、温室气体排放和玉米产量的影响。我们的研究结果为地膜覆盖旱地耕作实现绿色可持续高产提供了科学依据。

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来源期刊

Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

9.60

自引率

12.10%

发文量

307

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.