Remote sensing has shown potential to provide accurate and real-time information on grassland forage quality, crucial for the management of livestock systems. However, there are still uncertainties that must be considered to make models reliable and practical. A source of discrepancy regards the measurement unit describing forage quality variables, namely either mass-based concentration (%) or mass per surface area content (kg ha−1). Furthermore, phenological patterns largely influence grassland reflectance and have a strong impact on model accuracy. Also, the generalisation of empirical models in heterogeneous grasslands can hinder their applicability.
{"title":"Informing the prediction of forage quality of Mediterranean grasslands using hyperspectral reflectance: Concentration vs content, phenology, and generalisation of models","authors":"Jesús Fernández-Habas, Óscar Perez-Priego, Pilar Fernández-Rebollo","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109660","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing has shown potential to provide accurate and real-time information on grassland forage quality, crucial for the management of livestock systems. However, there are still uncertainties that must be considered to make models reliable and practical. A source of discrepancy regards the measurement unit describing forage quality variables, namely either mass-based concentration (%) or mass per surface area content (kg ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>). Furthermore, phenological patterns largely influence grassland reflectance and have a strong impact on model accuracy. Also, the generalisation of empirical models in heterogeneous grasslands can hinder their applicability.","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109674
Kristine Samoy-Pascual, Marvelin Rafael, Takeshi Tokida, Virsus Galdonez, Elmer Bautista, Eugene Espique, Edwin Martin, Gio Karlo Evangelista, Manuel Jose Regalado, Masaru Mizoguchi, Sudhir Yadav
While the individual benefits of technologies like alternate wetting and drying (AWD), site-specific nutrient management (SSNM), mechanical transplanting, laser-guided land leveling (LLL), and herbicide application are well-documented, limited information exists on their combined effects on rice productivity and profitability.
{"title":"Impact of technology bundling on rice productivity: Insights from participatory on-farm trials in the Philippines","authors":"Kristine Samoy-Pascual, Marvelin Rafael, Takeshi Tokida, Virsus Galdonez, Elmer Bautista, Eugene Espique, Edwin Martin, Gio Karlo Evangelista, Manuel Jose Regalado, Masaru Mizoguchi, Sudhir Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109674","url":null,"abstract":"While the individual benefits of technologies like alternate wetting and drying (AWD), site-specific nutrient management (SSNM), mechanical transplanting, laser-guided land leveling (LLL), and herbicide application are well-documented, limited information exists on their combined effects on rice productivity and profitability.","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rise in winter and spring nighttime temperatures is a hallmark of global climate change, and warming has been proven to stimulate N2O emissions from wheat fields. However, it remains elusive whether this increasing effect is influenced by straw return, a practice considered globally as a future climate-smart agricultural strategy.
Objectives or methods
A 3-year field experiment (2020−2023) was conducted with two straw treatments (S0: straw removal; S1: straw return) and two warming treatments (W0: no-warming; W1: night-warming) to quantify the effects of straw return and night-warming on N2O emissions from wheat fields in a rice-wheat rotation system.
Results
Straw return (S1) boosted post-jointing N2O production, whereas night-warming (W1) stimulated N2O emissions before the booting stage. Notably, the interaction between straw return and night-warming significantly affected seasonal cumulative N2O emissions, with W1 causing an 11.1 % increase under S0 and a more substantial 18.1 % increase observed under S1. Moreover, both S1 and W1 increased N2O warming potential, yield-scaled, and biomass-scaled N2O emissions. Compared to S0W0, soil dissolved organic C and inorganic N content increased in S1W1, while pH declined. Both S1 and W1 enhanced soil nitrification enzyme activity, nitrate reductase activity, and nitrite reductase activity in comparison to their respective controls. Additionally, S1W1 increased N2O production and inhibited N2O reduction by upregulating AOB-amoA and nirS gene abundances and downregulating nosZ gene expression, as evidenced by the elevated (nirS+nirK)/nosZ ratio. Random forest analysis identified that denitrification enzyme activity was the most important factor influencing N2O emissions.
Conclusions or implications
Our findings suggest that rice straw return may amplify the increasing effect of night-warming on N2O emissions from wheat fields. From an environmental protection perspective, straw return under the context of future warming will lead to an increased risk of N2O emissions, which may further exacerbate climate warming.
{"title":"Straw return amplifies the stimulated impact of night-warming on N2O emissions from wheat fields in a rice-wheat rotation system","authors":"Pan Hou, Lijun Gao, Panqin Jiang, Jinhong Yu, Xiaoxue Liu, Dong Jiang, Weixing Cao, Tingbo Dai, Zhongwei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The rise in winter and spring nighttime temperatures is a hallmark of global climate change, and warming has been proven to stimulate N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from wheat fields. However, it remains elusive whether this increasing effect is influenced by straw return, a practice considered globally as a future climate-smart agricultural strategy.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives or methods</h3><div>A 3-year field experiment (2020−2023) was conducted with two straw treatments (S0: straw removal; S1: straw return) and two warming treatments (W0: no-warming; W1: night-warming) to quantify the effects of straw return and night-warming on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from wheat fields in a rice-wheat rotation system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Straw return (S1) boosted post-jointing N<sub>2</sub>O production, whereas night-warming (W1) stimulated N<sub>2</sub>O emissions before the booting stage. Notably, the interaction between straw return and night-warming significantly affected seasonal cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, with W1 causing an 11.1 % increase under S0 and a more substantial 18.1 % increase observed under S1. Moreover, both S1 and W1 increased N<sub>2</sub>O warming potential, yield-scaled, and biomass-scaled N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Compared to S0W0, soil dissolved organic C and inorganic N content increased in S1W1, while pH declined. Both S1 and W1 enhanced soil nitrification enzyme activity, nitrate reductase activity, and nitrite reductase activity in comparison to their respective controls. Additionally, S1W1 increased N<sub>2</sub>O production and inhibited N<sub>2</sub>O reduction by upregulating AOB-<em>amoA</em> and <em>nirS</em> gene abundances and downregulating <em>nosZ</em> gene expression, as evidenced by the elevated (<em>nirS</em>+<em>nirK</em>)/<em>nosZ</em> ratio. Random forest analysis identified that denitrification enzyme activity was the most important factor influencing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions or implications</h3><div>Our findings suggest that rice straw return may amplify the increasing effect of night-warming on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from wheat fields. From an environmental protection perspective, straw return under the context of future warming will lead to an increased risk of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, which may further exacerbate climate warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 109652"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109647
Zishen Wang, Bei Dong, Tjeerd-Jan Stomph, Jochem B. Evers, Peter E.L. van der Putten, Wopke van der Werf
Context
The partitioning of light between species in intercrops changes over time in relation to the earliness of canopy development of each species, the final plant height, and the growth duration. Seasonal patterns of light capture in crop species mixtures may be reflected in the yield components of the species.
Objective
We test the hypothesis that seasonal patterns of light capture in intercrops can explain intercropping effects on seed number, seed weight, and seed yield in different species mixture compositions, including relay and simultaneous intercrops.
Methods
We determined the seed number per unit land area, thousand-seed weight, and seed yield of maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), and pea (Pisum sativum L.), grown as four monocrops or as six bi-specific strip intercrops – maize/wheat, maize/faba bean, maize/pea, faba bean/wheat, faba bean/pea, and wheat/pea – in the Netherlands. Species were spring-sown and managed conventionally (i.e., non-organic). Maize was sown and harvested later than the three other species, which had approximately simultaneous growing periods. Light capture by each species before and during seed filling was estimated using a model based on strip width, plant height, and leaf area index. We then assessed the relationships between accumulated light captured per species, seed yield, and its components.
Results
Seed yields in intercrops and monocrops were strongly related to seed number for each species. In relay intercrops, both species had increased seed yield due to an increased number of seeds. Species grown in simultaneous intercrops did not have higher seed yield or seed number than the monocrop, except for faba bean intercropped with wheat or pea. Increased seed number of early-sown species in relay intercrops was related to greater light capture before seed filling compared to monocrops. Increased seed number in maize was associated with better light availability after maize overtopped the companion species. The early-sown species showed trade-offs between seed number and weight, whereas the improved light availability resulting from the early harvesting of companions allowed intercropped maize to fill all seeds to the same extent as monocropped maize did.
Conclusions
Seed yield was more strongly related to seed number than seed weight in all species in both monocrops and intercrops. In relay intercrops, seed yield increases were realised by species filling seeds to take advantage of the larger seed number.
Implications
The findings show the importance of achieving high seed number and effective seed filling for increasing seed yield in conventionally managed strip intercrops under Dutch growing conditions.
{"title":"Competition for light drives yield components in strip intercropping in the Netherlands","authors":"Zishen Wang, Bei Dong, Tjeerd-Jan Stomph, Jochem B. Evers, Peter E.L. van der Putten, Wopke van der Werf","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The partitioning of light between species in intercrops changes over time in relation to the earliness of canopy development of each species, the final plant height, and the growth duration. Seasonal patterns of light capture in crop species mixtures may be reflected in the yield components of the species.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We test the hypothesis that seasonal patterns of light capture in intercrops can explain intercropping effects on seed number, seed weight, and seed yield in different species mixture compositions, including relay and simultaneous intercrops.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We determined the seed number per unit land area, thousand-seed weight, and seed yield of maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.), wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.), faba bean (<em>Vicia faba</em> L.), and pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.), grown as four monocrops or as six bi-specific strip intercrops – maize/wheat, maize/faba bean, maize/pea, faba bean/wheat, faba bean/pea, and wheat/pea – in the Netherlands. Species were spring-sown and managed conventionally (i.e., non-organic). Maize was sown and harvested later than the three other species, which had approximately simultaneous growing periods. Light capture by each species before and during seed filling was estimated using a model based on strip width, plant height, and leaf area index. We then assessed the relationships between accumulated light captured per species, seed yield, and its components.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seed yields in intercrops and monocrops were strongly related to seed number for each species. In relay intercrops, both species had increased seed yield due to an increased number of seeds. Species grown in simultaneous intercrops did not have higher seed yield or seed number than the monocrop, except for faba bean intercropped with wheat or pea. Increased seed number of early-sown species in relay intercrops was related to greater light capture before seed filling compared to monocrops. Increased seed number in maize was associated with better light availability after maize overtopped the companion species. The early-sown species showed trade-offs between seed number and weight, whereas the improved light availability resulting from the early harvesting of companions allowed intercropped maize to fill all seeds to the same extent as monocropped maize did.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Seed yield was more strongly related to seed number than seed weight in all species in both monocrops and intercrops. In relay intercrops, seed yield increases were realised by species filling seeds to take advantage of the larger seed number.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The findings show the importance of achieving high seed number and effective seed filling for increasing seed yield in conventionally managed strip intercrops under Dutch growing conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 109647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109659
Xinran Liu , Shuai Yin , Shuhan Xu , Jian Lin , Chengming Zhang , Linkui Cao , Qingnan Chu , Zhimin Sha
Context
Mitigating methane (CH4) emissions from the rice paddy is crucial for preventing global warming and achieving carbon neutrality in agroecosystems. While biochars are effective soil amendments for reducing CH4 emissions, their efficacy varies with different feedstocks, soil properties, climate conditions, and field management. A global evaluation needs to be conducted.
Objective
1358 observations based on 189 studies from 22 countries were collected to establish a meta database, aiming to evaluate the impacts of pyrochars and hydrochars on CH4 emission from paddy fields and compare their effectiveness with that of other amendments, including straw, organic fertilizer, and industrial residue.
Methods
The effects of different amendments on CH4 emissions from the rice paddy were assessed using a meta-analysis. Sub-group meta-analysis, multivariate analyses and random forest analyses were used to explore responses to climate factors, amendment properties, and soil properties. The relationship between rice crop yield and CH4 emission under pyrochar amendment was analyzed using linear multiple fitting models.
Results and conclusions
Results show that pyrochar amendment significantly reduced CH₄ emission by 19.9 % (mean lnRR (effect size) = -0.223, 95 % CI (confidence interval): −0.310 −0.135) and had more stable mitigation effects than industrial residue amendment. In contrast, straw amendment significantly increased CH₄ emission, whereas hydrochar, slow-release fertilizer, organic amendment, and straw amendment had negligible impacts. CH4 emission increased by 45.2 % (mean lnRR = 0.427, 95 % CI: 0.215–0.639) in temperate monsoon regions, with no significant effects in tropical monsoon and subtropical monsoon regions. Pyrochar produced from sawdust was most effective in reducing CH4 emissions by 44.7 % (mean lnRR = 0.593 % CI: −0.837 – 0.348). Linear fitting results indicate that pyrochars produced at 550°C, with 55 % carbon and pH 9, achieved the highest mitigation efficacy. The positive correlation between pyrochar amendment rates and CH4 mitigation, along with the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rates at 220 kg ha−1, underscores the importance of integrated soil management for sustainability. Additionally, pyrochar amendments pose dual benefits on CH4 mitigation and yield increase, essential for sustainable agriculture by enhancing food production without exacerbating climate change.
Significance
These findings provide valuable strategies for applying pyrochars in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in rice-paddy systems.
{"title":"Role of pyrochar amendment toward carbon neutrality of rice paddy field by mitigating methane emission: A global evaluation by meta-analysis","authors":"Xinran Liu , Shuai Yin , Shuhan Xu , Jian Lin , Chengming Zhang , Linkui Cao , Qingnan Chu , Zhimin Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Mitigating methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from the rice paddy is crucial for preventing global warming and achieving carbon neutrality in agroecosystems. While biochars are effective soil amendments for reducing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, their efficacy varies with different feedstocks, soil properties, climate conditions, and field management. A global evaluation needs to be conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>1358 observations based on 189 studies from 22 countries were collected to establish a meta database, aiming to evaluate the impacts of pyrochars and hydrochars on CH<sub>4</sub> emission from paddy fields and compare their effectiveness with that of other amendments, including straw, organic fertilizer, and industrial residue.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The effects of different amendments on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from the rice paddy were assessed using a meta-analysis. Sub-group meta-analysis, multivariate analyses and random forest analyses were used to explore responses to climate factors, amendment properties, and soil properties. The relationship between rice crop yield and CH<sub>4</sub> emission under pyrochar amendment was analyzed using linear multiple fitting models.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>Results show that pyrochar amendment significantly reduced CH₄ emission by 19.9 % (mean ln<em>RR</em> (effect size) = -0.223, 95 % CI (confidence interval): −0.310 <img> −0.135) and had more stable mitigation effects than industrial residue amendment. In contrast, straw amendment significantly increased CH₄ emission, whereas hydrochar, slow-release fertilizer, organic amendment, and straw amendment had negligible impacts. CH<sub>4</sub> emission increased by 45.2 % (mean ln<em>RR</em> = 0.427, 95 % CI: 0.215–0.639) in temperate monsoon regions, with no significant effects in tropical monsoon and subtropical monsoon regions. Pyrochar produced from sawdust was most effective in reducing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 44.7 % (mean ln<em>RR</em> = 0.593 % CI: −0.837 – 0.348). Linear fitting results indicate that pyrochars produced at 550°C, with 55 % carbon and pH 9, achieved the highest mitigation efficacy. The positive correlation between pyrochar amendment rates and CH<sub>4</sub> mitigation, along with the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rates at 220 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>, underscores the importance of integrated soil management for sustainability. Additionally, pyrochar amendments pose dual benefits on CH<sub>4</sub> mitigation and yield increase, essential for sustainable agriculture by enhancing food production without exacerbating climate change.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>These findings provide valuable strategies for applying pyrochars in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in rice-paddy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 109659"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109657
Yanran Ye , Liping Jin , Chunsong Bian , Guolan Xian , Yongxin Lin , Jiangang Liu , Huachun Guo
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Monitoring the aboveground biomass (AGB) is critical for assessing crop growth status, predicting yield, and making informed crop management decisions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to develop an efficient and robust model for predicting potato AGB using data derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) RGB imagery, and to clarify the relationship between AGB and tuber biomass (TB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Remote sensing images of the potato canopy at multiple growth stages were acquired over two consecutive years (2022–2023), together with synchronous ground-based AGB and TB measurements. Sixty-four candidate variables encompassing spectral, color, structure, and texture features were extracted from the 2022 RGB images. We identified five single variables most sensitive to AGB through correlation analysis, which were then subjected to linear, polynomial, logarithmic, exponential, and power regressions. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) and variance inflation factor (VIF) analyses were used to select multivariate combinations as input parameters for Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Random Forest (RF) models. The optimal single-variable and multivariate regression models were selected based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and subsequently applied to predict AGB in field trial plots for 2023. Additionally, we analyzed the dynamic relationship between AGB and TB, as well as the effects of genotype and nitrogen management on the accuracy of AGB predictions and its relationship with TB.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that: (1) Structural indicators had the highest correlation with AGB among the four features. The linear regression using canopy volume (CVol) as an input parameter (Model 1) exhibited superior performance among the single-variable regression models (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.75, RMSE = 0.42 kg m<sup>−2</sup>, BIC = −272.92). Meanwhile, the RF regression model with canopy cover (CC), maximum canopy height (CH<sub>max</sub>), and average canopy height (CH<sub>mean</sub>) as input parameters (Model 2) had the lowest BIC value of −314.15 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.82, RMSE = 0.36 kg m<sup>−2</sup>), and its predicted values for the new dataset were significantly correlated with the measured AGB values (correlation coefficient of 0.84). Furthermore, Model 2 showed a stronger predictive power for AGB in plots with the high-erectability genotype ('Zhongshu18', R<sup>2</sup> = 0.78, RMSE = 1.02 kg m<sup>−2</sup>) or those treated with ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.75, RMSE = 1.24 kg m<sup>−2</sup>). (2) A significant positive correlation was observed between TB and cumulative AGB, with R² values of 0.77 in 2022 and 0.76 in 2023 (<em>p</em> < 0.01). When the data were analyzed separately by genotype, the linear correlation between TB and cumulative AGB was further enhanced. Moreover, when analyzed by nitrogen form, the correlation under nit
{"title":"Estimating potato aboveground biomass using unmanned aerial vehicle RGB imagery and analyzing its relationship with tuber biomass","authors":"Yanran Ye , Liping Jin , Chunsong Bian , Guolan Xian , Yongxin Lin , Jiangang Liu , Huachun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Monitoring the aboveground biomass (AGB) is critical for assessing crop growth status, predicting yield, and making informed crop management decisions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to develop an efficient and robust model for predicting potato AGB using data derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) RGB imagery, and to clarify the relationship between AGB and tuber biomass (TB).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Remote sensing images of the potato canopy at multiple growth stages were acquired over two consecutive years (2022–2023), together with synchronous ground-based AGB and TB measurements. Sixty-four candidate variables encompassing spectral, color, structure, and texture features were extracted from the 2022 RGB images. We identified five single variables most sensitive to AGB through correlation analysis, which were then subjected to linear, polynomial, logarithmic, exponential, and power regressions. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) and variance inflation factor (VIF) analyses were used to select multivariate combinations as input parameters for Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Random Forest (RF) models. The optimal single-variable and multivariate regression models were selected based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and subsequently applied to predict AGB in field trial plots for 2023. Additionally, we analyzed the dynamic relationship between AGB and TB, as well as the effects of genotype and nitrogen management on the accuracy of AGB predictions and its relationship with TB.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results showed that: (1) Structural indicators had the highest correlation with AGB among the four features. The linear regression using canopy volume (CVol) as an input parameter (Model 1) exhibited superior performance among the single-variable regression models (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.75, RMSE = 0.42 kg m<sup>−2</sup>, BIC = −272.92). Meanwhile, the RF regression model with canopy cover (CC), maximum canopy height (CH<sub>max</sub>), and average canopy height (CH<sub>mean</sub>) as input parameters (Model 2) had the lowest BIC value of −314.15 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.82, RMSE = 0.36 kg m<sup>−2</sup>), and its predicted values for the new dataset were significantly correlated with the measured AGB values (correlation coefficient of 0.84). Furthermore, Model 2 showed a stronger predictive power for AGB in plots with the high-erectability genotype ('Zhongshu18', R<sup>2</sup> = 0.78, RMSE = 1.02 kg m<sup>−2</sup>) or those treated with ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.75, RMSE = 1.24 kg m<sup>−2</sup>). (2) A significant positive correlation was observed between TB and cumulative AGB, with R² values of 0.77 in 2022 and 0.76 in 2023 (<em>p</em> < 0.01). When the data were analyzed separately by genotype, the linear correlation between TB and cumulative AGB was further enhanced. Moreover, when analyzed by nitrogen form, the correlation under nit","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 109657"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109655
Xingxing Wang , Guangnuan Song , Saud Shah , Hao Ren , Baizhao Ren , Jiwang Zhang , Peng Liu , Bin Zhao
Context or problem
Enhancing crop yield by increasing planting density has long been a widely accepted agricultural practice. However, high-density planting is prone to problems, such as increased intraspecific competition. Growth regulators are often used to mitigate the challenges posed by heightened intraspecific competition and the negative effects on kernel setting and final yield associated with dense planting. However, the exact mechanisms of these growth regulators in kernel formation remain unclear.
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of EDAH on spike differentiation and fertilization in summer maize.
Methods
Denghai605 (DH605) and Xianyu335 (XY335) were used as the experimental materials at two planting densities (D1:60,000 plants ha−1 and D2:90,000 plants ha−1), and EDAH was sprayed at different stages (6th, 9th, and 12th leaf stages). Spike differentiation characteristics, grain-filling characteristics, SPAD, stalk cross-sectional area, and yield were determined.
Results
Spraying EDAH at a high planting density (D2) significantly increased the yield of maize, especially after spraying at 9th leaf stage (S2), and the yields of XY335 and DH605 increased by 21.55 % and 12.64 %, respectively, compared with CK. Spraying EDAH accelerated the ear differentiation process and fertilization rate, with the percentage of male tasseling increasing from 3.29 % to 10.33 % and the percentage of female silking increasing by 4.12–15.98 %. The fertilization rate of florets increased by 4.39–7.77 %, and the number of grains per ear increased significantly. In addition, EDAH spraying increased the SPAD value by 1.67–7.70 %, and the cross-sectional area of the third internode increased by 7.83–26.22 %.
Conclusion
Spraying EDAH to promote ear differentiation and optimize physiological characteristics is beneficial for improving the grain-filling rate and ultimately increasing yield. The most significant increase in yield was achieved by spraying EDAH at the 9th leaf stage and was particularly pronounced in the lodging-susceptible variety (XY335).
Implications or significance
These results provide new insights into high-efficiency cultivation methods for varieties with high yield potential but poor density tolerance.
{"title":"The potential of EDAH in promoting kernel formation and grain yield in summer maize","authors":"Xingxing Wang , Guangnuan Song , Saud Shah , Hao Ren , Baizhao Ren , Jiwang Zhang , Peng Liu , Bin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context or problem</h3><div>Enhancing crop yield by increasing planting density has long been a widely accepted agricultural practice. However, high-density planting is prone to problems, such as increased intraspecific competition. Growth regulators are often used to mitigate the challenges posed by heightened intraspecific competition and the negative effects on kernel setting and final yield associated with dense planting. However, the exact mechanisms of these growth regulators in kernel formation remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory effects of EDAH on spike differentiation and fertilization in summer maize.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Denghai605 (DH605) and Xianyu335 (XY335) were used as the experimental materials at two planting densities (D1:60,000 plants ha<sup>−1</sup> and D2:90,000 plants ha<sup>−1</sup>), and EDAH was sprayed at different stages (6th, 9th, and 12th leaf stages). Spike differentiation characteristics, grain-filling characteristics, SPAD, stalk cross-sectional area, and yield were determined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Spraying EDAH at a high planting density (D2) significantly increased the yield of maize, especially after spraying at 9th leaf stage (S2), and the yields of XY335 and DH605 increased by 21.55 % and 12.64 %, respectively, compared with CK. Spraying EDAH accelerated the ear differentiation process and fertilization rate, with the percentage of male tasseling increasing from 3.29 % to 10.33 % and the percentage of female silking increasing by 4.12–15.98 %. The fertilization rate of florets increased by 4.39–7.77 %, and the number of grains per ear increased significantly. In addition, EDAH spraying increased the SPAD value by 1.67–7.70 %, and the cross-sectional area of the third internode increased by 7.83–26.22 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Spraying EDAH to promote ear differentiation and optimize physiological characteristics is beneficial for improving the grain-filling rate and ultimately increasing yield. The most significant increase in yield was achieved by spraying EDAH at the 9th leaf stage and was particularly pronounced in the lodging-susceptible variety (XY335).</div></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><div>These results provide new insights into high-efficiency cultivation methods for varieties with high yield potential but poor density tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 109655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109643
Longxu Du , Zhiyu Zhang , Yanqiu Chen , Yue Wang , Chengxiang Zhou , Huaiyu Yang , Wei Zhang
<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Soil acidification poses a severe threat to both global food security and sustainable agriculture. However, a quantitative assessment of its impact on crop yield reduction across different soil conditions and crop varieties is still lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate how soil acidification affects crop yields, root length, crop nutrient uptake, soil nutrients availability, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen, and soil microbial biomass phosphorus. Additionally, key factors contributing to yield reduction were identified through random forest model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A meta-analysis was conducted, involving 1760 observations from 101 peer-reviewed studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Soil acidification led to an average yield reduction of 13.7 %. Among crops, vegetables are most sensitive to soil acidification, with a reduction in yield of 33 %, while maize and wheat yields decrease by 18.2 % and 18.3 %, respectively. The yield of rice is unaffected by soil acidification. Similarly, in the present study, the yield of leguminous crops is also not affected by soil acidification because the soil pH mainly studied for leguminous crops is slightly acidic (pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.0). Additionally, soil acidification results in a 25.4 % reduction in root length and a 3.1 %-13.6 % decrease in nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium). The soil total nitrogen content, available phosphorus, soil organic matter, and exchangeable calcium were observed to decrease by 11.4 %, 18.1 %, 16.3 %, and 76.8 %, respectively, as affected by soil acidification. The microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus decreased with pH reduction. The inhibitory effect of acidification on crop yield showed a decreasing and then increasing trend along with the elevated soil organic matter. Quantitative analysis revealed that yield was not inhibited by acidification within a soil pH range of 6.03–6.85. Specifically, for maize and wheat, this range that ensured crops yield was between 6.3 and 7.4, while yields of vegetable crops showed a reduction following soil acidification across all tested pH levels. The random forest prediction model indicates that the annual average rainfall is the main factor affecting the reduction of crop yields due to soil acidification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Severe soil acidification can significantly impede crop yields, especially for vegetables, maize, and wheat. The decline in yield is attributed to the inhibition of root development, and reduced effectiveness of soil nutrients caused by acidification.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The findings provide crucial insights for global strategies aimed at managing acidic soils. It is recommended that soil pH should be maintained near the optimal acidity levels for specific crops to enhance crop yields and ensure global food security.</
{"title":"Heterogeneous impact of soil acidification on crop yield reduction and its regulatory variables: A global meta-analysis","authors":"Longxu Du , Zhiyu Zhang , Yanqiu Chen , Yue Wang , Chengxiang Zhou , Huaiyu Yang , Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Soil acidification poses a severe threat to both global food security and sustainable agriculture. However, a quantitative assessment of its impact on crop yield reduction across different soil conditions and crop varieties is still lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to evaluate how soil acidification affects crop yields, root length, crop nutrient uptake, soil nutrients availability, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil microbial biomass nitrogen, and soil microbial biomass phosphorus. Additionally, key factors contributing to yield reduction were identified through random forest model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A meta-analysis was conducted, involving 1760 observations from 101 peer-reviewed studies.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Soil acidification led to an average yield reduction of 13.7 %. Among crops, vegetables are most sensitive to soil acidification, with a reduction in yield of 33 %, while maize and wheat yields decrease by 18.2 % and 18.3 %, respectively. The yield of rice is unaffected by soil acidification. Similarly, in the present study, the yield of leguminous crops is also not affected by soil acidification because the soil pH mainly studied for leguminous crops is slightly acidic (pH ranging from 5.5 to 7.0). Additionally, soil acidification results in a 25.4 % reduction in root length and a 3.1 %-13.6 % decrease in nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium). The soil total nitrogen content, available phosphorus, soil organic matter, and exchangeable calcium were observed to decrease by 11.4 %, 18.1 %, 16.3 %, and 76.8 %, respectively, as affected by soil acidification. The microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus decreased with pH reduction. The inhibitory effect of acidification on crop yield showed a decreasing and then increasing trend along with the elevated soil organic matter. Quantitative analysis revealed that yield was not inhibited by acidification within a soil pH range of 6.03–6.85. Specifically, for maize and wheat, this range that ensured crops yield was between 6.3 and 7.4, while yields of vegetable crops showed a reduction following soil acidification across all tested pH levels. The random forest prediction model indicates that the annual average rainfall is the main factor affecting the reduction of crop yields due to soil acidification.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Severe soil acidification can significantly impede crop yields, especially for vegetables, maize, and wheat. The decline in yield is attributed to the inhibition of root development, and reduced effectiveness of soil nutrients caused by acidification.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The findings provide crucial insights for global strategies aimed at managing acidic soils. It is recommended that soil pH should be maintained near the optimal acidity levels for specific crops to enhance crop yields and ensure global food security.</","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 109643"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109654
Breno Bicego , Roxana Savin , Christine Girousse , Vincent Allard , Gustavo A. Slafer
Context
Given the significant impact of grain number (GN) on wheat grain yield, it is critical to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological bases of GN determination. The formation of both spike number (SN) and grains per spike (GS) coincides temporally and undergoes a parallel process characterized by the extensive generation of structures (such as tillers or floret primordia), succeeded by substantial degeneration, ultimately leading to a limited number of viable spike-bearing tillers and fertile florets at anthesis. Survival highly depends on resource availability and the existing genetic variability may result in varied SN and GS response to inputs or environmental conditions.
Objectives
We examined the dynamics of tillering and floret primordia initiation and death during late reproductive phase aiming to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in SN and GS plasticity in wheat.
Methods
The number of living tillers and floret primordia developmental stages were recorded periodically on two contrasting genotypes (Ascott and Sy Moisson) regarding their GN components plasticity in response to two levels of shading, two levels of thinning and an unmanipulated control, over two locations (France and Spain). Treatments started at the onset of stem elongation. Shading finished at anthesis.
Results
Survival of tillers and floret primordia rather than their generation was key for the responses to resource availability. Ascott exhibited higher plasticity which was attributed to enhanced tiller and floret primordia survival response, suggesting its superior resource utilization and adaptability to changing conditions. The higher response of florets was observed particularly in the basal spikelets, a portion of the spike that is typically less fertile. Our results emphasize the importance of the final stages of the late reproductive phase to the determination of GN (as during this period the degeneration process occurs) and also corroborates with the evolutionary idea that overproducing primary reproductive structures does not suppose any disadvantage.
Conclusions
Plasticity of GN determinants were mainly related to the responsiveness of survival of initiated structures for both SN and GS. Tiller and floret primordia survival strongly responded to the treatments and the genotypic differences in the spike fertility were mainly related to responses in the basal portion of the spike
Implications or significance
Overall, this study contributes with insights into the physiological bases of GN determination, offering implications for wheat breeding strategies aimed at improving grain yield and adaptability to diverse environments.
背景鉴于穗粒数（GN）对小麦籽粒产量的重大影响，深入了解穗粒数决定的生理基础至关重要。穗粒数（SN）和每穗粒数（GS）的形成在时间上是重合的，并经历了一个平行过程，其特点是结构（如分蘖或小花原基）的大量生成，随后是大量退化，最终在花期形成数量有限的可成穗分蘖和可育小花。我们研究了小麦生殖后期分蘖和小花原基萌发与死亡的动态，旨在阐明小麦SN和GS可塑性差异的内在机制。方法在两个地点（法国和西班牙）定期记录两种对比基因型（Ascott和Sy Moisson）的活茎分蘖数量和小花原基发育阶段，以了解其GN成分的可塑性对两种遮光水平、两种稀植水平和未加干预的对照的反应。处理从茎开始伸长时开始。结果分蘖和小花原基的存活而不是其生成是对资源可用性反应的关键。阿斯克特表现出更高的可塑性，这归因于分蘖和小花原基存活率的提高，表明其资源利用率更高，对变化条件的适应能力更强。小花的较高反应在基部小穗中表现得尤为明显，而基部小穗通常是生育力较低的部分。我们的研究结果强调了生殖后期最后阶段对决定 GN 的重要性（因为在此期间会发生退化过程），同时也证实了进化论的观点，即过量生产初级生殖结构并不会带来任何不利影响。总之，本研究有助于深入了解 GN 决定因素的生理基础，为旨在提高谷物产量和对不同环境适应性的小麦育种战略提供启示。
{"title":"Tillering and floret development dynamics in wheat cultivars of contrasting spike fertility plasticity","authors":"Breno Bicego , Roxana Savin , Christine Girousse , Vincent Allard , Gustavo A. Slafer","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Given the significant impact of grain number (GN) on wheat grain yield, it is critical to gain a deeper understanding of the physiological bases of GN determination. The formation of both spike number (SN) and grains per spike (GS) coincides temporally and undergoes a parallel process characterized by the extensive generation of structures (such as tillers or floret primordia), succeeded by substantial degeneration, ultimately leading to a limited number of viable spike-bearing tillers and fertile florets at anthesis. Survival highly depends on resource availability and the existing genetic variability may result in varied SN and GS response to inputs or environmental conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We examined the dynamics of tillering and floret primordia initiation and death during late reproductive phase aiming to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in SN and GS plasticity in wheat.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The number of living tillers and floret primordia developmental stages were recorded periodically on two contrasting genotypes (Ascott and Sy Moisson) regarding their GN components plasticity in response to two levels of shading, two levels of thinning and an unmanipulated control, over two locations (France and Spain). Treatments started at the onset of stem elongation. Shading finished at anthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Survival of tillers and floret primordia rather than their generation was key for the responses to resource availability. Ascott exhibited higher plasticity which was attributed to enhanced tiller and floret primordia survival response, suggesting its superior resource utilization and adaptability to changing conditions. The higher response of florets was observed particularly in the basal spikelets, a portion of the spike that is typically less fertile. Our results emphasize the importance of the final stages of the late reproductive phase to the determination of GN (as during this period the degeneration process occurs) and also corroborates with the evolutionary idea that overproducing primary reproductive structures does not suppose any disadvantage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Plasticity of GN determinants were mainly related to the responsiveness of survival of initiated structures for both SN and GS. Tiller and floret primordia survival strongly responded to the treatments and the genotypic differences in the spike fertility were mainly related to responses in the basal portion of the spike</div></div><div><h3>Implications or significance</h3><div>Overall, this study contributes with insights into the physiological bases of GN determination, offering implications for wheat breeding strategies aimed at improving grain yield and adaptability to diverse environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 109654"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural management practices are changing from the high-yield production to high-efficient production and now sustainable production in order to satisfy the increasing demand for food. We attempted to establish a high-yielding and high-efficient maize production practice, Integrated Soil-Crop System Management (ISCM). The ISCM increased yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which could be due to changes in the composition and function of the rhizosphere bacterial community, and consequently nutrient utilization.
Objectives
To investigate the rhizosphere microbial community composition response to different production practices and explore the impact of changes in rhizosphere microbes on nitrogen metabolism and yield of maize.
Methods
Based on long-term treatment, optimizing aboveground population canopy and belowground nutrient management to set ISCM. A 12-year treatment was conducted in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China, with four treatments.
Results
The grain yield and dry matter increment of ISCM were increased by 42.7 % and 36.6 %, compared to farmers practices (FP), respectively, while reducing N2O emissions by 27.8 % and increasing nitrogen use efficiency by 63.7 %, mainly due to improved rhizosphere environments. The soil nitrogen cycle-related microorganisms under FP was decreased compared to ISCM. However, FP enhanced the function of microorganisms associated with gaseous nitrogen loss, resulting in higher N2O emissions and low NUE. The ISCM enriched a wider range of rhizosphere bacterial OTU species, including many nitrogen metabolism-related microorganisms, e.g., Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrococcales. This leads to faster soil N avalibilty to plants, maintain higher productivity, and reduce N losses. However, a super high-yield system (SY) had the highest yield and lowest NUE. Additinally, SY reduced the expression abundance of most microorganisms associated with the nitrogen cycle, but increased microorganisms gaseous of nitrogen loss function to increased N2O emission.
Conclusions
The improved rhizosphere N metabolism promoted N uptake and reduced N2O emissions. These findings emphasize the availability of ISCM for sustainable agricultural development.
{"title":"Long-term integrated soil-crop system management promoted rhizosphere nitrogen cycling and reduced N2O emission of maize","authors":"Ningning Yu, Sher Alam, Baizhao Ren, Bin Zhao, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Agricultural management practices are changing from the high-yield production to high-efficient production and now sustainable production in order to satisfy the increasing demand for food. We attempted to establish a high-yielding and high-efficient maize production practice, Integrated Soil-Crop System Management (ISCM). The ISCM increased yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), which could be due to changes in the composition and function of the rhizosphere bacterial community, and consequently nutrient utilization.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate the rhizosphere microbial community composition response to different production practices and explore the impact of changes in rhizosphere microbes on nitrogen metabolism and yield of maize.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Based on long-term treatment, optimizing aboveground population canopy and belowground nutrient management to set ISCM. A 12-year treatment was conducted in Tai'an City, Shandong Province, China, with four treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The grain yield and dry matter increment of ISCM were increased by 42.7 % and 36.6 %, compared to farmers practices (FP), respectively, while reducing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions by 27.8 % and increasing nitrogen use efficiency by 63.7 %, mainly due to improved rhizosphere environments. The soil nitrogen cycle-related microorganisms under FP was decreased compared to ISCM. However, FP enhanced the function of microorganisms associated with gaseous nitrogen loss, resulting in higher N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and low NUE. The ISCM enriched a wider range of rhizosphere bacterial OTU species, including many nitrogen metabolism-related microorganisms, e.g., Nitrosomonadaceae and Nitrococcales. This leads to faster soil N avalibilty to plants, maintain higher productivity, and reduce N losses. However, a super high-yield system (SY) had the highest yield and lowest NUE. Additinally, SY reduced the expression abundance of most microorganisms associated with the nitrogen cycle, but increased microorganisms gaseous of nitrogen loss function to increased N<sub>2</sub>O emission.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The improved rhizosphere N metabolism promoted N uptake and reduced N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. These findings emphasize the availability of ISCM for sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 109641"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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