Hexavalent chromium damages intestinal cells and coelomocytes and impairs immune function in the echiuran worm Urechis unicinctus by causing oxidative stress and apoptosis

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110002
Shun Liu , Chenxiao Xi , Yuxin Wu , Sijie Wang , Baiyu Li , Long Zhu , Xinghong Xu
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Abstract

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a common pollutant in the marine environment, which impairs immunity and causes reproductive and heredity disorders in organisms. To clarify the immunotoxic effects of Cr (VI) on the marine worm Urechis unicinctus, we analyzed tissue damage and immune dysfunction caused by Cr (VI) in this organism at histopathologic, zymologic, apoptotic and molecular levels. The results indicated that the bioaccumulation of Cr (VI) bioaccumulation levels in coelomocytes was significantly higher than in the intestines and muscles. Pathological observation showed that Cr (VI) caused damage to the respiratory intestine, stomach and midgut. Cr (VI) also increased the replication of goblet cells and a reduction in the replication of epithelial cells. Meanwhile, Cr (VI) induced apoptosis of intestinal cells and coelomocytes, accompanied by an increase in the expression of Caspase-3, COX-2, and MyD88 in the intestine and coelomocytes. At the same time, Cr (VI) significantly affected the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, ACP, CAT, CAT, and GST, and increased H2O2 and MDA contents in U. unicinctus. Moreover, Cr (VI) exposure also up-regulated the transcription of hsc70, mt and jnk genes but decreased that of sod in the intestines. In contrast, Cr (VI) down-regulated the expression of sod, hsc70, mt, and jnk genes in coelomocytes. Collectively, Cr (VI) bioaccumulated in U. unicinctus cells and tissues, causing several histopathological changes, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of several cells in the organism, resulting in intestinal and coelomocyte damage and immune dysfunctioning.

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六价铬通过导致氧化应激和细胞凋亡,损害肠道细胞和腔室细胞,并损害棘尾蚯蚓(Urechis unicinctus)的免疫功能。
六价铬(Cr(VI))是海洋环境中常见的污染物,会损害生物的免疫力,导致生物的生殖和遗传紊乱。为了弄清铬(VI)对海洋蠕虫 Urechis unicinctus 的免疫毒性影响,我们从组织病理学、酶学、细胞凋亡和分子水平分析了铬(VI)对该生物造成的组织损伤和免疫功能障碍。结果表明,Cr(VI)在腹腔细胞中的生物累积水平明显高于肠道和肌肉。病理学观察表明,铬(Ⅵ)对呼吸肠、胃和中肠造成了损害。铬(Ⅵ)还会增加鹅口疮细胞的复制,减少上皮细胞的复制。同时,铬(Ⅵ)会诱导肠道细胞和辅膜细胞凋亡,并伴随着肠道和辅膜细胞中 Caspase-3、COX-2 和 MyD88 表达的增加。同时,铬(Ⅵ)会明显影响鳗鲡体内 SOD、ACP、CAT、CAT 和 GST 等抗氧化酶的活性,并增加 H2O2 和 MDA 的含量。此外,接触铬(Ⅵ)还会上调肠道中 hsc70、mt 和 jnk 基因的转录,但会降低 sod 基因的转录。相反,铬(Ⅵ)会降低 sod、hsc70、mt 和 jnk 基因在腹腔细胞中的表达。总之,铬(六价铬)在乌鳢细胞和组织中的生物蓄积会引起多种组织病理学变化、氧化应激和多种细胞凋亡,导致肠道和腹腔细胞损伤和免疫功能失调。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
5.10%
发文量
206
审稿时长
30 days
期刊介绍: Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. This journal is concerned with chemical and drug action at different levels of organization, biotransformation of xenobiotics, mechanisms of toxicity, including reactive oxygen species and carcinogenesis, endocrine disruptors, natural products chemistry, and signal transduction with a molecular approach to these fields.
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