Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献

Molecular insights into physiological impact of micro- and nano-plastics on the digestive system and gut-brain axis 微观和纳米塑料对消化系统和肠脑轴的生理影响的分子见解。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110473

Yuvika , Deepansh Sharma , Ashima Sharma

Microplastics (MPs) and Nanoplastics (NPs) represent an alarming and persistent threat to global human health, owing to their resilience and ubiquity in the environment. Ingestion via contaminated food and water is the primary exposure route, resulting in the accumulation of MNPs in key organs such as the gastrointestinal tract (GI), liver, and pancreas, highlighting the urgent need to understand their potential cumulative and systemic effects. This review critically evaluates recent molecular-level insights into the physiological impacts of MNPs, with particular emphasis on the GI system and the intricate gut-brain axis.

MNPs induce cellular toxicity through oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction, which activate inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Accumulation in the GI tract causes gut microbiota dysbiosis and a compromised intestinal barrier, and translocates systemically to the liver and pancreas, leading to hepatotoxicity, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation.

Crucially, the disruption of the gut barrier facilitates MNPs access to the central nervous system (CNS) via the gut-brain axis, leading to a breach of the Blood-Brain Barrier. CNS-accumulated MNPs induce neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity, accelerating neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and multiple sclerosis.

This review elucidates the complex mechanisms and highlights significant gaps in understanding MNPs risks, which are currently limited by the use of short-term animal and in vitro models, as well as a lack of precise human data. Future research should prioritize the development of standardized quantification techniques and advanced tracking methods to accurately assess the biodistribution, metabolism, and long-term health effects of MNPs. This approach will facilitate the development of targeted therapeutic interventions and preventive measures.

微塑料和纳米塑料由于其复原力和在环境中无处不在，对全球人类健康构成了令人震惊的持续威胁。通过受污染的食物和水摄入是主要的暴露途径，导致MNPs在胃肠道（GI）、肝脏和胰腺等关键器官中积累，因此迫切需要了解其潜在的累积和全身效应。这篇综述批判性地评估了最近对MNPs生理影响的分子水平见解，特别强调了GI系统和复杂的肠-脑轴。MNPs通过氧化应激（OS）和线粒体功能障碍诱导细胞毒性，激活炎症和凋亡途径。在胃肠道的积累导致肠道菌群失调和肠道屏障受损，并全身转运到肝脏和胰腺，导致肝毒性、胰岛素抵抗和慢性炎症。至关重要的是，肠道屏障的破坏促进了MNPs通过肠-脑轴进入中枢神经系统（CNS），导致血脑屏障的破坏。cns积累的MNPs诱导神经炎症和神经毒性，加速神经退行性疾病，如帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病和多发性硬化症。这篇综述阐明了复杂的机制，并强调了在理解MNPs风险方面的重大差距，目前受限于短期动物和体外模型的使用，以及缺乏精确的人体数据。未来的研究应优先发展标准化的量化技术和先进的跟踪方法，以准确评估MNPs的生物分布、代谢和长期健康影响。这种方法将促进有针对性的治疗干预和预防措施的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Evidence for potential critical windows of immune development in the marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) 海洋medaka （Oryzias melastigma）免疫发育潜在关键窗口的证据。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110459

Elizabeth DiBona , Yuan Lu , Justin Elliot , Remi Labeille , Hussain Abdulla , Frauke Seemann

The developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis suggests that environmental exposures during early immune development may trigger long-term immune pathologies. However, the timing of sensitive developmental windows in the innate immune system of vertebrates remains poorly defined. Here, we propose the marine medaka fish (Oryzias melastigma) as a model organism to define a molecular timeline for innate immune system maturation. To identify critical windows of immune development, we assessed both organismal resistance to bacterial infection and molecular markers of immune gene expression across developmental stages. Immune competence evaluation in embryos and larvae revealed distinct windows of vulnerability to bacterial challenge, suggesting dynamic immune regulation. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2), a potent synthetic estrogen is known to affect both reproductive and immune function. Embryos and larvae were exposed to EE2 during three key periods (7–11 days post fertilization (dpf), 3–5 days post hatching (dph), and 12–19 dph) and subsequently challenged with a bacterial pathogen. EE2 exposure during the embryonic (7–11 dpf) and later larval (12–19 dph) periods significantly reduced pathogen resistance in a non-monotonic dose response manner, altered the expression of immune-related genes involved in protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis and modified energy and amino acid metabolism. Altogether, this study underscores the importance of identifying sensitive periods in immune development when evaluating environmental risks and support the use of marine medaka as a relevant model for developmental immunotoxicity.

健康和疾病的发育起源假说表明，早期免疫发育期间的环境暴露可能引发长期的免疫病理。然而，脊椎动物先天免疫系统中敏感发育窗口的时间仍然不清楚。在这里，我们提出海洋medaka鱼（Oryzias melastigma）作为模式生物来定义先天免疫系统成熟的分子时间线。为了确定免疫发育的关键窗口，我们评估了不同发育阶段对细菌感染的机体抗性和免疫基因表达的分子标记。胚胎和幼虫的免疫能力评估显示出不同的细菌攻击脆弱性窗口，提示动态免疫调节。17α-炔雌醇（EE2）是一种强效的合成雌激素，已知可影响生殖和免疫功能。胚胎和幼虫在3个关键时期（受精后7-11 天（dpf）、孵化后3-5 天（dph）和12-19 dph）暴露于EE2，然后用细菌病原体攻毒。在胚胎期（7-11 dpf）和幼虫后期（12-19 dph）暴露EE2以非单调剂量反应方式显著降低了病原体抗性，改变了参与蛋白质合成和核糖体生物发生的免疫相关基因的表达，并改变了能量和氨基酸代谢。总之，这项研究强调了在评估环境风险时确定免疫发育敏感期的重要性，并支持将海洋medaka作为发育免疫毒性的相关模型。

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引用次数: 0

Linking metabolic state to carbamazepine accumulation in Arctic benthic invertebrates 北极底栖无脊椎动物代谢状态与卡马西平积累的关系。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110489

Dagmara Leszczyńska , Mikołaj Mazurkiewicz , Adam Sokołowski , Katarzyna Smolarz , Maria Włodarska-Kowalczuk , Joanna Legeżyńska , Kajetan Deja , Aleksandra Bieżuńska , Natalia Kilijan , Julia Lisowska , Marcin Lipiński , Anna Hallmann

Pharmaceutical pollutants, such as carbamazepine (CBZ), are increasingly detected in polar marine ecosystems, raising concerns about their bioaccumulation and impact on resident fauna. This study investigated the presence of CBZ and metabolic alterations in two Arctic macrobenthic invertebrates: the suspension-feeding bivalve Ciliatocardium ciliatum and the predatory starfish Urasterias lincki, collected from two fjords of the Svalbard archipelago: Hornsund (77°N) and Kongsfjorden (79°N). Using LC-MS/MS, CBZ was detected exclusively in U. lincki tissues (0.14 ng/g wet weight), while it was absent in C. ciliatum, suggesting species-specific differences in bioaccumulation potential. Importantly, U. lincki exhibited significantly higher tissue lipid content (mainly cholesterol), approximately twice that of bivalves, which likely facilitated the accumulation of lipophilic compounds such as CBZ. Comprehensive metabolic profiling revealed that U. lincki also exhibited higher levels of ATP, glycogen, glutathione, and total antioxidant capacity, indicating a more active oxidative metabolism. In contrast, C. ciliatum showed signatures of metabolic downregulation, including elevated succinate, malate, and purine degradation products, suggesting a reliance on anaerobic pathways and limited detoxification capacity. These findings underscore the role of feeding strategy, lipid content, and oxidative stress regulation in shaping pharmaceutical accumulation in Arctic benthic fauna and highlight the vulnerability of cold-adapted organisms to persistent emerging pollutants in polar ecosystems.

在极地海洋生态系统中越来越多地检测到卡马西平（CBZ）等药物污染物，这引起了人们对其生物积累和对驻地动物群影响的关注。本研究调查了两种北极大型底栖无脊椎动物——悬浮摄食双壳类纤毛虫和掠食性海星Urasterias lincki——CBZ的存在和代谢变化，这些海星采集自斯瓦尔巴群岛的两个峡湾：Hornsund（77°N）和Kongsfjorden（79°N）。LC-MS/MS检测结果显示，CBZ仅在林芝组织中检测到（0.14 ng/g湿重），而在纤毛草组织中不存在，表明其生物蓄积潜力存在物种特异性差异。重要的是，美国林氏显示出明显更高的组织脂质含量（主要是胆固醇），大约是双壳类的两倍，这可能促进了亲脂化合物如CBZ的积累。综合代谢分析显示，U. lincki也表现出更高水平的ATP、糖原、谷胱甘肽和总抗氧化能力，表明其氧化代谢更活跃。相比之下，纤毛藤表现出代谢下调的特征，包括琥珀酸盐、苹果酸盐和嘌呤降解产物的升高，这表明它依赖于厌氧途径，解毒能力有限。这些发现强调了取食策略、脂质含量和氧化应激调节在形成北极底栖动物药物积累中的作用，并强调了极地生态系统中冷适应生物对持续出现的污染物的脆弱性。

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引用次数: 0

Predator-induced shifts in energy metabolism: Anaerobic activation in juvenile sea cucumbers 捕食者诱导的能量代谢变化：幼海参的厌氧激活。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110491

Jiamei Pan, Xiaojuan Xu, Haiqing Wang

The sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus serves as a primary species for benthic ecological restoration in southern China, and has significant economic value. However, pressure from their predators remains a critical factor constraining their survival rates during stocking in marine ranching. To study the effect of fear from predator, the physiological responses of S. monotuberculatus to different risk cues were evaluated: cues from crab Portunus pelagicus group (PPG), same-species injury group (SSIG), and different-species injury group (DSIG). Results showed under PPG treatment, oxygen consumption initially decreased but surged upon repeated exposure, indicating an adjustment to acute stress. Injury cues from sea cucumbers (conspecific, SSIG and heterospecific, DSIG) resulted in metabolic peaks at 6 h and 12 h respectively. At the 6 h time point, DSIG elicited higher ammonia excretion and a markedly elevated O:N ratio, reflecting a major shift in metabolic pathways toward non-protein energy substrates. Under exposure to PPG, ATP levels surged 20-fold at 1 h, reaching 14,353.81 ± 1308.36 μmol·gprot⁻¹. Meanwhile, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and hexokinase (HK) significantly increased, while pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity decreased, which indicated that anaerobic metabolism dominates during acute stress from predator crab. Under DSIG treatment, PDH and HK activities first increased and then decreased, accompanied by slower ATP recovery than PPG treatment, which reflects the adjustment of aerobic metabolism in response to heterospecific injury cues. This study reveals that S. monotuberculatus dynamically modulates its metabolic physiology in response to varying predation risks, employing acute anaerobic responses under crab threats and shifting toward aerobic metabolic reorganization under heterospecific injury cues. These findings enhance our understanding of how juvenile sea cucumbers adjusted physiologically to predation pressure, providing a theoretical basis for development of predator stress modification strategies for its bottom sowing and stock enhancement practices.

海参是中国南方底栖生物生态恢复的初级种，具有重要的经济价值。然而，在海洋牧场放养期间，来自捕食者的压力仍然是限制它们存活率的关键因素。为了研究捕食者恐惧对单结核棘球蚴的影响，研究了单结核棘球蚴对不同风险提示的生理反应：来自上颚蟹（Portunus pelagicus）组、同种伤害组（SSIG）和不同物种伤害组（DSIG）。结果表明，在PPG处理下，氧气消耗最初减少，但反复暴露后急剧增加，表明对急性应激的调整。来自海参（同种海参，SSIG）和异种海参，DSIG)的损伤提示分别在6 h和12 h产生代谢峰值。在6 h时间点，DSIG引起了更高的氨排泄量和显著升高的O:N比率，反映了代谢途径向非蛋白质能量底物的主要转变。在PPG作用下，ATP水平在1 h时激增20倍，达到14353.81 ± 1308.36 μmol·gprot-1。同时，乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和己糖激酶（HK）活性显著升高，丙酮酸脱氢酶（PDH）活性降低，表明急性应激过程中以厌氧代谢为主。与PPG处理相比，DSIG处理下PDH和HK活性先升高后降低，同时ATP恢复较慢，这反映了有氧代谢对异源损伤信号的调节。本研究揭示单结核葡萄球菌动态调节其代谢生理以应对不同的捕食风险，在螃蟹威胁下采用急性厌氧反应，在异源损伤提示下转向有氧代谢重组。这些发现加深了我们对海参幼崽如何生理适应捕食压力的认识，为海参底播和种群增养的捕食者应激调节策略的制定提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the ecological risks of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles to black sea picophytoplankton 氧化锌和氧化铜纳米颗粒对黑海浮游植物的生态风险评价。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110490

Natalia Shoman , Ekaterina Solomonova , Arkady Akimov

The toxic effect of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide (CuO NPs) nanoparticles on natural communities of Black Sea picophytoplankton was investigated during a year-long cycle of in-situ experiments. The results revealed pronounced seasonal and taxonomic specificity of toxicity. It was established that CuO NPs exert a complex toxic effect on algae, disrupting most key physiological processes in the cells. Pronounced oxidative stress, suppression of pigment synthesis, changes in morphology, dose-dependent inhibition of photosynthetic activity (EC₅₀ = 18.3 μg L⁻¹), and a sharp restructuring of the community in favor of picoeukaryotes (up to 90–98% at 20 μg L⁻¹) were observed. In contrast, ZnO NPs acted selectively on the algal community, primarily suppressing the growth of phycoerythrin-containing (PEC) forms of cyanobacteria, while phycocyanin-containing (PCC) forms exhibited resistance. The peak sensitivity of Synechococcus sp. cyanobacteria to CuO NPs was observed in winter-spring (EC50 6–14 μg L⁻¹), whereas their resistance to ZnO NPs increased in summer (EC₅₀ up to 110 μg L⁻¹). Picoeukaryotes, on the contrary, demonstrated the highest vulnerability to ZnO NPs during periods of ecological stress (EC₅₀ 12–15 μg L⁻¹ in July and December). The nanomaterials also induced a cellular morphological stress response, manifested in a significant increase in Synechococcus sp. cell size (up to 2.5 times at 60 μg L⁻¹ CuO NPs) and a decrease in pigment indices. The obtained data show that the ecotoxicological assessment of nanomaterials cannot be based on constant values and must necessarily account for seasonal fluctuations in the resilience of aquatic organisms, which are linked to the natural life cycles of planktonic communities and changes in abiotic environmental parameters. The results are of particular relevance due to their direct ecological relevance. The calculated EC₅₀ threshold concentrations correspond to real levels of metal nanoparticle pollution in coastal waters.

通过为期一年的原位实验，研究了氧化锌（ZnO NPs）和氧化铜（CuO NPs）纳米颗粒对黑海浮游植物天然群落的毒性作用。结果显示毒性具有明显的季节性和分类学特异性。已经证实，CuO NPs对藻类具有复杂的毒性作用，破坏了细胞中大多数关键的生理过程。观察到明显的氧化应激，色素合成的抑制，形态的变化，光合活性的剂量依赖性抑制（EC50 = 18.3 μg L-1），以及有利于微真核生物的群落的急剧重组（在20 μg L-1下高达90-98%）。相比之下，ZnO NPs选择性地作用于藻类群落，主要抑制含藻蓝蛋白（PEC）蓝藻的生长，而含藻蓝蛋白（PCC）蓝藻表现出抗性。蓝藻聚球菌对氧化锌NPs的敏感性高峰出现在冬春季（EC50为6 ~ 14 μg L-1），抗性高峰出现在夏季（EC50为110 μg L-1）。相反，微真核生物在生态胁迫期间对ZnO NPs的易损性最高（7月和12月EC50 12-15 μg L-1）。在60 μg L-1 CuO NPs浓度下，聚珠球菌细胞大小增加2.5倍，色素指数下降。所获得的数据表明，纳米材料的生态毒理学评估不能以恒定值为基础，必须考虑到水生生物恢复力的季节性波动，这与浮游生物群落的自然生命周期和非生物环境参数的变化有关。由于其直接的生态相关性，结果具有特别的相关性。计算出的EC50阈值浓度与沿海水域中金属纳米颗粒污染的实际水平相对应。

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引用次数: 0

Negative effects of microcystin-LR on larval zebrafish: Focus on visual function, behavior, and circadian rhythm regulation 微囊藻毒素- lr对斑马鱼幼鱼的负面影响：关注视觉功能、行为和昼夜节律调节。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110488

Wei Liu , Zi Wei , Zhicong Jiang , Jiayi Hou , Junguo Ma , Xiaoyu Li

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most prevalent and toxic microcystin congeners, posing a significant threat to aquatic organisms as well as humans; however, its underlying toxic mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, the negative impacts of MC-LR and the underlying mechanisms in zebrafish larvae were investigated. The results demonstrated that MC-LR could penetrate zebrafish larvae and induce developmental toxicity, characterized by reduced heart rate, decreased body length, and smaller eye area. H&E staining revealed that MC-LR exposure significantly reduced the thickness of retinal layers. qPCR analysis showed altered expression levels of phototransduction and retinoic acid metabolism related genes (rho, gnat1, gnat2, opn1sw1, opn1lw1, opn1mw1, rdh1, rbp4, cyp26a1, and aldh1a2). These findings suggest that MC-LR may disrupt retinal structure and impair normal visual function in larvae. Behavioral analyses indicated that MC-LR exposure weakened spontaneous movements in embryos and impaired swimming ability in larvae, potentially due to significant alterations in the levels of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Additionally, MC-LR exposure reduced visuomotor responses, delayed reactions to external stimuli, and disrupted circadian rhythms, which may be attributed to altered expression levels of circadian rhythm-related genes (clock1a, bmal1a, per1b, cry1a, and per2), as well as changes in melatonin and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 levels. Overall, these findings indicate that MC-LR exposure induces developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish, and that impaired visual function and disrupted circadian rhythm may serve as key contributing factors to MC-LR-induced behavioral abnormalities, which warrant further emphasis in future ecological and health risk assessments.

微囊藻毒素- lr （MC-LR）是最普遍和毒性最强的微囊藻毒素同系物，对水生生物和人类构成重大威胁；然而，其潜在的毒性机制仍未完全阐明。本研究探讨了MC-LR对斑马鱼幼体的负面影响及其机制。结果表明，MC-LR能穿透斑马鱼幼鱼并诱发发育毒性，表现为心率降低、体长缩短、眼面积缩小。H&E染色显示MC-LR暴露显著降低视网膜层厚度。qPCR分析显示，光导和维黄酸代谢相关基因（rho、gnat1、gnat2、opn1sw1、opn1lw1、opn1mw1、rdh1、rbp4、cyp26a1和aldh1a2）的表达水平发生改变。这些结果表明，MC-LR可能会破坏幼虫的视网膜结构，损害正常的视觉功能。行为分析表明，MC-LR暴露削弱了胚胎的自发运动，损害了幼虫的游泳能力，可能是由于谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸和脑源性神经营养因子水平的显著改变。此外，MC-LR暴露降低了视觉运动反应，延迟了对外部刺激的反应，并扰乱了昼夜节律，这可能归因于昼夜节律相关基因（clock1a, bmal1a, per1b， cry1a和per2）的表达水平改变，以及褪黑激素和芳香烷基胺n -乙酰转移酶2水平的变化。总之，这些研究结果表明，MC-LR暴露可诱导斑马鱼发育神经毒性，视觉功能受损和昼夜节律紊乱可能是MC-LR诱导行为异常的关键因素，值得在未来的生态和健康风险评估中进一步强调。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization and environmental stress-induced expression profiling of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels in the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) following short-heatwave and silver exposure 短热浪和银暴露后太平洋牡蛎（Magallana gigas）瞬时受体电位香草蛋白（TRPV）通道的表征和环境胁迫诱导的表达谱

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110477

F. Fernández-García , C. Mieiro , M. Pacheco , J.F. Asturiano , M. Morini

Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the rising frequency of thermal anomalies, such as marine heatwaves (HW), and by the presence of emerging contaminants, including silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and its dissociated form into silver ions (Ag⁺). In this context, the present study provides an integrative analysis of the molecular basis of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV), a family of sensitive channels, under environmentally realistic conditions in the gonad of the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas). In this study, environmentally relevant concentrations of silver (0.25 μg/L) and a temperature increase of up to 6 °C above natural temperature (16.30 ± 0.82 °C) were applied for 7 days to simulate a realistic short-HW scenario. Four TRPV sequences were identified and, based on phylogenetic analyses, reclassified as TRPVA, TRPVB, and two TRPVC/D paralogs. Among these, TRPVB emerged as the most stress-responsive isoform in the gonad, displaying contrasting expression profiles under HW conditions, with Ag NPs upregulating TRPVB expression whereas Ag⁺ caused its downregulation. Although preliminary, these results suggest that Ag NPs and Ag⁺ activate different signalling pathways, which may be differentially expressed under thermal stress, highlighting the complexity of combined contaminants and climate-related pressures in the Pacific oyster. These findings provide basic knowledge and novel insights into environmental stress responses in marine invertebrates.

海洋生态系统正日益受到越来越频繁的热异常的威胁，例如海洋热浪（HW），以及新出现的污染物的存在，包括银纳米颗粒（Ag NPs）及其解离成银离子（Ag+）。在此背景下，本研究综合分析了太平洋牡蛎（Magallana gigas）生殖腺中瞬时受体电位Vanilloid （Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid， TRPV）敏感通道家族的分子基础。在本研究中，环境相关银浓度（0.25 μg/L）和温度比自然温度（16.30 ± 0.82 °C）升高高达6 °C，持续7 天，模拟真实的短hw情景。鉴定出4个TRPV序列，并根据系统发育分析将其重新分类为TRPVA、TRPVB和两个TRPVC/D相似序列。其中，TRPVB是性腺中最具应激反应的异构体，在HW条件下表现出截然不同的表达谱，Ag NPs上调TRPVB的表达，而Ag+导致其下调。虽然是初步的，但这些结果表明，Ag NPs和Ag+激活不同的信号通路，这些信号通路可能在热胁迫下差异表达，突出了太平洋牡蛎中污染物和气候相关压力组合的复杂性。这些发现为海洋无脊椎动物的环境应激反应提供了基础知识和新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in response mechanisms of fish to ammonia stress: A review 鱼类对氨胁迫的反应机制研究进展

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110487

Xiao-Zheng Yu , Zi-Yan Liu

Ammonia stress has emerged as a critical challenge in global aquaculture, driving extensive research into fish response mechanisms spanning physiological, molecular, and ecological dimensions. This review synthesizes advances in understanding multi-tiered adaptations, including branchial ammonia excretion, urea/glutamine conversion pathways, and microbial symbiosis-mediated detoxification. Key findings highlight species-specific strategies: teleosts prioritize oxidative stress mitigation via Nrf2/glutathione redox regulation, while ureogenic species enhance urea cycle enzyme activities. Microbial communities in aquatic ecosystems further modulate ammonia dynamics through nitrification and denitrification processes. Current mitigation approaches ranging from bioaugmentation and photocatalytic oxidation to dietary antioxidants like probiotics and polyphenols demonstrate efficacy but face limitations in scalability and ecological compatibility. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR-edited ammonia-tolerant strains, real-time water quality monitoring, and circular bioeconomy models (e.g., algal bioconversion of effluents) may represent paradigm-shifting solutions. Future research must integrate multi-omics platforms with ecological modeling to decode evolutionary trade-offs between detoxification energetics and growth performance, ultimately enabling precision aquaculture systems that harmonize productivity with environmental resilience. This comprehensive analysis not only refines theoretical frameworks for ammonia toxicity but also contributes to developing effective strategies for sustainable aquaculture management and addressing the ongoing challenge of ammonia pollution.

氨胁迫已成为全球水产养殖面临的重大挑战，推动了对鱼类生理、分子和生态等方面反应机制的广泛研究。本文综述了对多层适应的理解进展，包括鳃氨排泄、尿素/谷氨酰胺转化途径和微生物共生介导的解毒。主要发现强调了物种特异性策略：硬骨鱼优先通过Nrf2/谷胱甘肽氧化还原调节来缓解氧化应激，而尿源物种则增强尿素循环酶的活性。水生生态系统中的微生物群落通过硝化和反硝化过程进一步调节氨动力学。目前的缓解方法，从生物增强和光催化氧化到膳食抗氧化剂，如益生菌和多酚，都证明了有效性，但在可扩展性和生态兼容性方面存在局限性。诸如crispr编辑的耐氨菌株、实时水质监测和循环生物经济模型（如废水的藻类生物转化）等新兴技术可能代表着范式转变的解决方案。未来的研究必须将多组学平台与生态模型相结合，以解码解毒能量和生长性能之间的进化权衡，最终实现协调生产力与环境复原力的精准水产养殖系统。这一综合分析不仅完善了氨毒性的理论框架，而且有助于制定有效的可持续水产养殖管理战略和应对氨污染的持续挑战。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature-dependent enhancement of methylmercury toxicity in the water flea Daphnia magna: Linking physiological and molecular stress responses 水蚤甲基汞毒性的温度依赖性增强：连接生理和分子应激反应。

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110464

Haksoo Jeong , Jin-Sol Lee , Mi-Song Hong , Yuri Jin , Piotr Maszczyk , Menghong Hu , Youji Wang , Minghua Wang , Jae-Seong Lee

Global warming alters the toxicity and bioavailability of environmental pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Methylmercury (MeHg), a highly toxic form of mercury, poses significant risks, yet its interaction with temperature remains understudied. Thus, this study aims to understand how elevated temperature affects the physiological and molecular toxicity of MeHg exposure in aquatic invertebrates. We investigated the combined effects of elevated temperature (23 and 28 °C) and MeHg (10 and 50 ng/L) on the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna. Acute toxicity was significantly enhanced at 28 °C. Chronic exposure reduced survival, reproduction, and growth, particularly under combined elevated temperature and MeHg conditions. While mercury accumulation increased with MeHg concentration, temperature did not influence internal Hg levels. Biochemical analyses showed that elevated temperature reduced ROS levels but increased antioxidant enzyme activity, whereas antioxidant gene expression was suppressed. MeHg exposure inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, with greater inhibition observed under combined exposure. Detoxification responses were temperature-specific. Glutathione-mediated system was activated at 28 °C. ABCC activity increased with temperature and MeHg, whereas ABCB activity was suppressed at 28 °C, but partially recovered with MeHg. These findings demonstrate that elevated temperature amplifies MeHg toxicity through physiological and molecular disruptions and emphasize the value of considering temperature–pollutant interactions in ecological risk assessments under climate change scenarios.

全球变暖改变了水生生态系统中环境污染物的毒性和生物利用度。甲基汞（MeHg）是一种剧毒形式的汞，具有重大风险，但其与温度的相互作用仍未得到充分研究。因此，本研究旨在了解温度升高如何影响水生无脊椎动物MeHg暴露的生理和分子毒性。研究了高温（23和28 ℃）和甲基汞（10和50 ng/L）对淡水无脊椎动物大水蚤（Daphnia magna）的联合影响。在28 °C时，急性毒性显著增强。长期暴露会降低存活、繁殖和生长，特别是在高温和甲基汞联合条件下。汞积累随甲基汞浓度的增加而增加，但温度对体内汞含量没有影响。生化分析表明，温度升高降低了ROS水平，但增加了抗氧化酶活性，而抗氧化基因表达受到抑制。甲基汞暴露抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性，在联合暴露下观察到更大的抑制作用。解毒反应是温度特异性的。谷胱甘肽介导的系统在28 °C时被激活。ABCC活性随温度和MeHg升高而升高，而ABCB活性在28 °C时受到抑制，但在MeHg作用下部分恢复。这些研究结果表明，温度升高通过生理和分子破坏放大了甲基汞的毒性，并强调了在气候变化情景下考虑温度-污染物相互作用在生态风险评估中的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigating risk of tire wear particles in Daphnia pulex: In silico approaches 减轻水蚤轮胎磨损颗粒的风险：计算机方法

IF 4.3 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology

Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110465

Xixi Li , Yuan Niu , Zuning Zhang

Tire wear particles (TWPs), commonly detected emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, have recently attracted global attention. Therefore, the toxicity and potential mitigation of TWPs in the experimental model species Daphnia pulex (D. pulex) were evaluated using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation methods. The binding energy of styrene-butadiene rubber, along with tire additives (i.e., antioxidants, flame retardants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers and lubricants) and arginine kinase protein was used as an indicator of ecological risk of TWPs on D. pulex. Ninety-six proportioning schemes for styrene-butadiene rubber tire microplastics were generated, and Formulation No. 38 was identified as the one with the minimum ecological risk, corresponding to a binding energy value of −46.486 kJ/mol. Based on a full factorial design, the third-order interaction effect was determined to account for the most substantial proportion, relative to both the main effects and second-order interaction effects. Consequently, the competitive or synergistic effects governing the molecular docking of tire additives cannot be neglected in subsequent analyses. Furthermore, the applicability of the developed tire proportioning schemes was validated using the jumping frequency of D. pulex—a key ecotoxicological endpoint. This finding indicates that the tire formulations screened in the present study exhibit a certain degree of representativeness for mitigating risks to the aquatic ecological environment. This is a novel ecological risk evaluation method that can be effectively used to reduce the ecological risk of tire additives in aquatic environments.

轮胎磨损颗粒（TWPs）是水生环境中常见的新兴污染物，近年来引起了全球的关注。因此，采用分子对接和分子动力学模拟的方法，对实验模型物种水蚤（Daphnia pulex）的毒性和潜在的缓解作用进行了评估。以丁苯橡胶与轮胎添加剂（抗氧剂、阻燃剂、热稳定剂、光稳定剂和润滑剂）和精氨酸激酶蛋白的结合能作为TWPs对轮胎生态风险的指标。共得到96种丁苯橡胶轮胎微塑料配合比方案，优选出生态风险最小的配方38，其结合能值为−46.486 kJ/mol。基于全因子设计，相对于主效应和二阶相互作用效应，确定了三阶相互作用效应占最大比例。因此，在随后的分析中，控制轮胎添加剂分子对接的竞争或协同效应不能被忽视。此外，还利用关键生态毒理学指标环虫跳频验证了所开发的轮胎比例方案的适用性。这表明本研究筛选的轮胎配方在减轻水生生态环境风险方面具有一定的代表性。这是一种新颖的生态风险评价方法，可有效降低轮胎添加剂在水生环境中的生态风险。

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引用次数: 0