Real-time in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopic imaging of equine endometrium: Preliminary observations and feasibility study

IF 2.3 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES Veterinary journal Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106222
K. Gallacher , L. Woolford , L.C. Santos , P.B.S. Serpa , J. Len , R.O. Gilbert , K.L. Kind
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Abstract

Endometrial health is vital for the reproductive efficiency of broodmares and accurate diagnostic testing is crucial for directing the best treatment options and outcomes. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an endoscopic technique for obtaining in-vivo, real-time microscopic imaging of tissues using a fiber optic probe. CLE relies on induced tissue fluorescence and fluorescein sodium, given intravenously, is the contrast agent most used in human medicine. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of CLE for imaging equine endometrium and determine a standard dose of fluorescein sodium to achieve optimal cellular imaging. In-vivo CLE was performed on 44 mares, and the images were compared with routine histopathological analysis of endometrial biopsies. No adverse reactions occurred after IV fluorescein sodium administration and a dose of 4 mg/kg was established (0.04 mL/kg of 10 % fluorescein sodium solution) to achieve optimal image contrast. CLE enabled multiple regions of the endometrium to be assessed quickly. Distinct tissue architecture patterns could be appreciated using CLE, and the luminal epithelium could be assessed for integrity (ulceration) and exocytosed inflammatory cells. Endometrial gland distribution, density, shape, and epithelial height were evaluated. Blood vessels were clearly outlined, and inflammatory cells and fibrosis were discernable within the interstitium. Image quality varied between mares, and the stage of oestrous cycle may have been a factor of influence. This novel imaging modality enables collection of “virtual” biopsies and facilitates critical assessment of multiple regions of the uterus compared with the standard histopathologic assessment of a single random tissue biopsy.

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马子宫内膜的实时活体共焦激光内窥镜成像:初步观察和可行性研究。
子宫内膜健康对肉用母马的繁殖效率至关重要,准确的诊断检测对指导最佳治疗方案和结果至关重要。共焦激光内窥镜(CLE)是一种内窥镜技术,可通过光纤探头获得体内组织的实时显微成像。CLE 依靠诱导组织荧光,而静脉注射荧光素钠是人类医学中最常用的造影剂。本研究旨在确定 CLE 对马子宫内膜成像的可行性,并确定实现最佳细胞成像的荧光素钠标准剂量。对 44 匹母马进行了体内 CLE,并将图像与子宫内膜活检的常规组织病理学分析进行了比较。静脉注射荧光素钠后未出现不良反应,并确定了 4 毫克/千克的剂量(0.04 毫升/千克 10%荧光素钠溶液),以获得最佳图像对比度。CLE 能够快速评估子宫内膜的多个区域。使用 CLE 可观察到不同的组织结构模式,并可评估管腔上皮的完整性(溃疡)和外渗的炎性细胞。对子宫内膜腺体的分布、密度、形状和上皮高度进行了评估。血管轮廓清晰,间质内的炎性细胞和纤维化清晰可见。不同母马的图像质量不同,发情周期的阶段可能是影响因素之一。与单个随机组织活检的标准组织病理学评估相比,这种新颖的成像模式能够收集 "虚拟 "活检组织,并有助于对子宫的多个区域进行关键评估。
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来源期刊
Veterinary journal
Veterinary journal 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.50%
发文量
79
审稿时长
40 days
期刊介绍: The Veterinary Journal (established 1875) publishes worldwide contributions on all aspects of veterinary science and its related subjects. It provides regular book reviews and a short communications section. The journal regularly commissions topical reviews and commentaries on features of major importance. Research areas include infectious diseases, applied biochemistry, parasitology, endocrinology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, molecular biology, immunogenetics, surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology and oncology.
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