Modulation of response to braconid wasp venom by adipokinetic hormone in Drosophila melanogaster

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI:10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110005
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Abstract

The minute wasp Habrobracon hebetor venom (HH venom) is a potent cocktail of toxins that paralyzes the victim's muscles and suppresses humoral and cellular immunity. This study examined the effect of HH venom on specific biochemical, physiological, and ultrastructural characteristics of the thoracic and nervous (CNS) tissues of Drosophila melanogaster under in vitro conditions. Venom treatment modulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), endogenous Drome-AKH level, and affected the relative viability of the cells. Additionally, it reduced the expression of genes related to the immune system in the CNS, including Keap1, Relish, Nox, Eiger, Gadd45, and Domeless, as well as in the thoracic muscles, except for Nox. Besides, venom treatment led to deteriorative changes in the ultrastructure of muscle cells, particularly affecting the mitochondria. When venom and Drosophila melanogaster-adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) were applied together, the effects of the venom alone were often modulated. The harmful effect of the venom on SOD activity was relatively reduced and the activity returned to a level similar to that of the control. In the CNS, the simultaneous application of venom and hormones abolished the suppression of previously reported immune-related genes (except for Gadd45), whereas in the muscles, this was only true for Eiger. Additionally, Drome-AKH restored cell structure to a level comparable to that of the control and lessened the harmful effects of HH venom on muscle mitochondria. These findings suggest a general body response of D. melanogaster to HH venom and a partial defensive role of Drome-AKH in this process.

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黑腹果蝇体内促脂肪激素对喙蜂毒反应的调节作用
小蜂 Habrobracon hebetor 毒液(HH 毒液)是一种强效的混合毒素,可麻痹受害者的肌肉并抑制体液免疫和细胞免疫。本研究考察了 HH 毒液在体外条件下对黑腹果蝇胸部和神经(CNS)组织的特定生化、生理和超微结构特征的影响。毒液调节了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性、内源性 Drome-AKH 的水平,并影响了细胞的相对活力。此外,毒液还降低了中枢神经系统中与免疫系统有关的基因的表达,包括 Keap1、Relish、Nox、Eiger、Gadd45 和 Domeless,以及胸肌中除 Nox 以外的基因表达。此外,毒液处理导致肌肉细胞的超微结构发生恶化,尤其影响线粒体。当毒液和黑腹果蝇促脂激素(Drome-AKH)同时使用时,单独使用毒液的效果往往会被调节。毒液对 SOD 活性的有害影响相对减弱,其活性恢复到与对照组相似的水平。在中枢神经系统中,同时施用毒液和激素可消除之前报道的免疫相关基因(Gadd45 除外)的抑制作用,而在肌肉中,只有艾格基因受到抑制。此外,Drome-AKH 还能将细胞结构恢复到与对照组相当的水平,并减轻 HH 毒液对肌肉线粒体的有害影响。这些发现表明,黑腹蝇对HH毒液有普遍的身体反应,而Drome-AKH在这一过程中发挥了部分防御作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
5.10%
发文量
206
审稿时长
30 days
期刊介绍: Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. This journal is concerned with chemical and drug action at different levels of organization, biotransformation of xenobiotics, mechanisms of toxicity, including reactive oxygen species and carcinogenesis, endocrine disruptors, natural products chemistry, and signal transduction with a molecular approach to these fields.
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