{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of imidazole chitosan derivatives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.carres.2024.109238","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Five novel imidazole-functionalized chitosan derivatives <strong>3a-3e</strong> were synthesized via addition reactions of chitosan with imidazole derivatives. The partial incorporation of imidazole moiety in chitosan were confirmed by FTIR, UV, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, XRD, SEM and GPC. Meanwhile, the antifungal activity against three common plant pathogenic fungi: <em>Phytophthora nicotianae (P. nicotianae), Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum)</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani (R</em>. <em>solani</em>), was assayed <em>in vitro</em> at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL by hyphal measurement, and the introduction of imidazole group can influence the antifungal activity. At 0.5 mg/mL, <strong>3e</strong> inhibited <em>P. nicotianae</em> growth by 42 % and had an inhibitory index against <em>R. solani</em> of 50 %. Derivative <strong>3e</strong> was more effective than unmodified chitosan whose antifungal index was 17 % against <em>P. nicotianae</em> and 22 % against <em>R. solani</em>. To our surprise, at 1.0 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of <strong>3e</strong> against <em>R</em>. <em>solani</em> can reach 99 %, while the inhibition rate of chitosan is only 38 %. These results indicated that some imidazole chitosan derivatives with enhanced antifungal activities could serve as potential biomaterial for antifungal application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9415,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Carbohydrate Research","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008621524002179","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Five novel imidazole-functionalized chitosan derivatives 3a-3e were synthesized via addition reactions of chitosan with imidazole derivatives. The partial incorporation of imidazole moiety in chitosan were confirmed by FTIR, UV, 1H NMR, XRD, SEM and GPC. Meanwhile, the antifungal activity against three common plant pathogenic fungi: Phytophthora nicotianae (P. nicotianae), Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum) and Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani), was assayed in vitro at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL by hyphal measurement, and the introduction of imidazole group can influence the antifungal activity. At 0.5 mg/mL, 3e inhibited P. nicotianae growth by 42 % and had an inhibitory index against R. solani of 50 %. Derivative 3e was more effective than unmodified chitosan whose antifungal index was 17 % against P. nicotianae and 22 % against R. solani. To our surprise, at 1.0 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of 3e against R. solani can reach 99 %, while the inhibition rate of chitosan is only 38 %. These results indicated that some imidazole chitosan derivatives with enhanced antifungal activities could serve as potential biomaterial for antifungal application.
期刊介绍:
Carbohydrate Research publishes reports of original research in the following areas of carbohydrate science: action of enzymes, analytical chemistry, biochemistry (biosynthesis, degradation, structural and functional biochemistry, conformation, molecular recognition, enzyme mechanisms, carbohydrate-processing enzymes, including glycosidases and glycosyltransferases), chemical synthesis, isolation of natural products, physicochemical studies, reactions and their mechanisms, the study of structures and stereochemistry, and technological aspects.
Papers on polysaccharides should have a "molecular" component; that is a paper on new or modified polysaccharides should include structural information and characterization in addition to the usual studies of rheological properties and the like. A paper on a new, naturally occurring polysaccharide should include structural information, defining monosaccharide components and linkage sequence.
Papers devoted wholly or partly to X-ray crystallographic studies, or to computational aspects (molecular mechanics or molecular orbital calculations, simulations via molecular dynamics), will be considered if they meet certain criteria. For computational papers the requirements are that the methods used be specified in sufficient detail to permit replication of the results, and that the conclusions be shown to have relevance to experimental observations - the authors'' own data or data from the literature. Specific directions for the presentation of X-ray data are given below under Results and "discussion".