Patrones radiológicos en enfermedades pulmonares intersticiales

Abstract

This article explores the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in the diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung diseases (ILD), discussing key tomographic findings, parenchymal changes, and the importance of identifying various radiological patterns, with a special focus on the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern. Given the complexity and diversity of manifestations of diffuse ILD, the collaborative evaluation of a multidisciplinary team, in which the radiologist plays a fundamental role in the diagnostic chain using HRCT, is essential. This exam enables the detection of parenchymal alterations in DILD, such as ground-glass opacities, consolidation, reticular patterns, traction bronchiectasis/bronchiectasis, and honeycombing. The interpretation and association of these findings, along with their distribution, facilitate the establishment of specific radiological patterns that, in addition to indicating possible etiologies, guide the most appropriate therapeutic options. The adoption of specific imaging protocols and the use of standardized language are essential to increase diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, the incorporation of technological innovations, such as advanced photon counting technology and automated analysis through artificial intelligence, promise to significantly improve the identification and quantification of interstitial alterations, shaping the future of thoracic radiology.