Exploring the complex association between urban form and crime: Evidence from 1,486 U.S. counties

IF 3.9 2区 社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES Journal of Urban Management Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI:10.1016/j.jum.2024.05.008
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Abstract

Urban form contributes to crime prevention. However, most studies not only simplify the relationship between urban form and crime, they also fail to reflect the geographic structure of urban areas. This study first measured a comprehensive multidimensional urban form indicator for 1486 counties in the United States, which was used to characterize the size and geospatial structure of urban areas. Specifically, it described urban form as consisting of three components: 1) size and population distribution; 2) built environment; and 3) landscape environment. Then, generalized additive mixed models were then used to explore linear or nonlinear associations between urban form indicators and different crime types (violent and property crime). This study's main findings were that 1) the relationship between urban form and crime is not only linear but may also be nonlinear; 2) urban size, fragmentation, connectivity, forest mixing, and shrub mixing are associated with all crime types; 3) population distribution and agricultural mixing are associated with violent crime; and 4) urban patch complexity and water mixing are associated with property crime. Overall, the results of this study can provide guidance for long-term planning of urban geographic structures, contributing to the safe and sustainable development of urban areas.

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探索城市形态与犯罪之间的复杂联系:来自美国 1486 个县的证据
城市形态有助于预防犯罪。然而,大多数研究不仅简化了城市形态与犯罪之间的关系,也未能反映城市地区的地理结构。本研究首次对美国 1486 个县的多维城市形态指标进行了综合测量,用于描述城市地区的规模和地理空间结构。具体来说,该指标将城市形态描述为由三部分组成:1) 规模和人口分布;2) 建筑环境;3) 景观环境。然后,利用广义加法混合模型来探讨城市形态指标与不同犯罪类型(暴力犯罪和财产犯罪)之间的线性或非线性关联。本研究的主要发现有:1)城市形态与犯罪之间不仅存在线性关系,还可能存在非线性关系;2)城市规模、破碎化、连通性、森林混合和灌木混合与所有犯罪类型相关;3)人口分布和农业混合与暴力犯罪相关;4)城市斑块复杂性和水体混合与财产犯罪相关。总之,这项研究的结果可以为城市地理结构的长期规划提供指导,从而促进城市地区的安全和可持续发展。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
4.90%
发文量
45
审稿时长
65 days
期刊介绍: Journal of Urban Management (JUM) is the Official Journal of Zhejiang University and the Chinese Association of Urban Management, an international, peer-reviewed open access journal covering planning, administering, regulating, and governing urban complexity. JUM has its two-fold aims set to integrate the studies across fields in urban planning and management, as well as to provide a more holistic perspective on problem solving. 1) Explore innovative management skills for taming thorny problems that arise with global urbanization 2) Provide a platform to deal with urban affairs whose solutions must be looked at from an interdisciplinary perspective.
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