Journal of Urban Management最新文献

Revealing the transformation of spatial structure of greater Cairo: Insights from satellite imagery and geospatial metrics 揭示大开罗空间结构的转变：卫星图像和地理空间度量的启示

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.10.008

Muhammad Salem , Naoki Tsurusaki , Xiangdong Xu , Gang Xu

Greater Cairo (GC) is the seventh-largest metropolitan city globally. In recent decades, GC has witnessed massive urban expansion, which has yet to be empirically measured or characterized. This research seeks to explore the patterns of urban growth and changes in urban form in GC from 1973 to 2021 using remote sensing and geospatial metrics. Six Landsat images in 1973, 1984, 1992, 2003, 2013, and 2021 were used to explore urban growth in GC. Urban Land Density Function (ULDF), Landscape Expansion Index (LEI), and Fractal Dimension Index (FDI), were utilized to analyze various aspects of urban expansion. Additionally, the ratio of Land Consumption Rate (LCR) to Population Growth Rate (PGR) was calculated to assess the correlation between urban expansion and population changes. Our results reveal a substantial addition of 203 thousand hectares of urban areas over the last half-century. The ULDF highlights GC’s transformation from a condensed to a scattered urban landscape, particularly with the establishment of the New Administrative Capital in the vicinity. Edge expansion emerged as the principal type of urban growth throughout the research duration. The consistent increase in FDI from 1.44 in 1973 to 1.75 in 2021 signifies the fragmentation of the urban landscape. Moreover, the progressive rise in LCR from 0.023 in 1984 to 0.050 ha per person in 2021 suggests a steady expansion of low-density urban areas. Notably, the LCR-to-PGR ratio escalated from 0.878 in 1984 to 2.428 in 2021, indicating that urban expansion surpassed population growth. These results will help further understand the characteristics of GC’s urban expansion and may offer a scientific foundation for policymakers to reconsider the current horizontal expansion policy in GC.

大开罗（GC）是全球第七大都市。近几十年来，大开罗见证了大规模的城市扩张，但这一扩张尚未得到实证测量或特征描述。本研究试图利用遥感和地理空间指标探索 1973 年至 2021 年期间大麦加的城市增长模式和城市形态变化。研究使用了 1973 年、1984 年、1992 年、2003 年、2013 年和 2021 年的六幅 Landsat 图像来探索 GC 的城市增长情况。利用城市土地密度函数（ULDF）、景观扩张指数（LEI）和分形维度指数（FDI）来分析城市扩张的各个方面。此外，我们还计算了土地消耗率（LCR）与人口增长率（PGR）之比，以评估城市扩张与人口变化之间的相关性。我们的研究结果表明，在过去的半个世纪中，城市面积大幅增加了 20.3 万公顷。ULDF 突出显示了 GC 从密集型城市景观向分散型城市景观的转变，特别是随着新行政首都在附近的建立。在整个研究期间，边缘扩张成为城市发展的主要类型。外国直接投资从 1973 年的 1.44 持续增长到 2021 年的 1.75，标志着城市景观的碎片化。此外，人均土地覆盖率从 1984 年的 0.023 公顷逐步上升到 2021 年的 0.050 公顷，这表明低密度城区在稳步扩张。值得注意的是，LCR 与 PGR 的比率从 1984 年的 0.878 上升到 2021 年的 2.428，表明城市扩张超过了人口增长。这些结果将有助于进一步了解广州城市扩张的特征，并为决策者重新考虑广州现行的横向扩张政策提供科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

The status quo of architecture and its impact on urban management: Christopher Alexander's insights 建筑的现状及其对城市管理的影响：克里斯托弗-亚历山大的见解

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.09.003

Bin Jiang

Christopher Alexander argued that modernist approach to architecture prioritizes innovation, abstraction, and mechanistic efficiency at the expense of human-centered and organic values. According to Christopher Alexander, this shift has led to a proliferation of buildings that are visually striking, but often feel cold, impersonal, and disconnected from the deeper needs of the people who inhabit and/or see them. Alexander called for a return to timeless architectural principles such as harmony, balance, and a deep connection to the natural and cultural context. He introduced the concept of living structure, which emphasizes creating spaces that resonate with the intrinsic order found in nature and human life, fostering environments that are not only functional and beautiful but also profoundly life-affirming. Alexander challenged the dominance of “iconic” but alienating designs, calling for a holistic, human-centered approach to architecture that prioritizes the well-being of individuals and communities, creating spaces that nurture a sense of place, belonging, and harmony with the world around them.

克里斯托弗-亚历山大认为，现代主义建筑方法将创新、抽象和机械化效率放在首位，牺牲了以人为本和有机的价值。克里斯托弗-亚历山大认为，这种转变导致了建筑的泛滥，它们在视觉上引人注目，但往往给人冰冷、不近人情的感觉，与居住和/或看到它们的人的深层需求脱节。亚历山大呼吁回归永恒的建筑原则，如和谐、平衡以及与自然和文化背景的深层联系。他提出了 "生活结构"（living structure）的概念，强调创造与自然和人类生活中的内在秩序产生共鸣的空间，营造不仅实用、美观，而且对生命有深远影响的环境。亚历山大挑战了 "标志性 "设计的主导地位，呼吁以人为本的整体建筑方法，将个人和社区的福祉放在首位，创造能够培养地方感、归属感以及与周围世界和谐相处的空间。

引用次数: 0

Housing policy and markets in China: Affordability and sustainability 中国的住房政策和市场：可负担性和可持续性

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.09.002

Yuzhe Wu, Zhen Guo, Wei Wang

引用次数: 0

Educational inequality in urban settings: A spatial analysis of school distribution and double-shift system challenges – A case study 城市环境中的教育不平等：学校分布和两班制挑战的空间分析 - 案例研究

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.08.004

Dnya D. Zangana , Ahmed J. Ibrahim , Hong Yuan , Majid Amani-Beni

Ensuring equity in education is crucial for sustainable development, yet it remains a global challenge. Previous research has extensively explored the spatial equity of educational resources in developed countries; however, there's a lack of adequate studies focused on cities within developing regions, like Erbil. Also, the impact of the double-shift school system on educational equity remains significantly unexplored. This study employs statistical techniques (Location Quotient and Pearson's correlation) to analyze the spatial concentration and the relationship between primary schools and population numbers. Additionally, GIS is utilized to examine factors affecting educational equity, focusing on the spatial distribution of government primary schools and their relation to population density and housing prices. These techniques include mean center, central feature, standard distance, kernel density, average nearest neighborhood, buffer zones, and Thiessen polygons to analyze schools' geographical distribution, density, patterns, accessibility, proximity, and school location assessment. Furthermore, this study analyzes the effects of different school systems on equity by examining instructional time. The results showed an uneven distribution of schools, concentrated in older areas with a scarcity on the city's outskirts, and a negative correlation between school numbers and housing prices. Notably, about 88% of Erbil's primary schools operate double shifts due to insufficient numbers, which reduces annual instruction time to 576 hours, significantly lower than in other school systems. By proposing an equity priority model for future schools and emphasizing the efficient allocation of educational resources, this study contributes to global discussions on educational disparities and suggests strategies for equitable resource distribution in urban settings.

确保教育公平对可持续发展至关重要，但这仍是一项全球性挑战。以往的研究对发达国家教育资源的空间公平性进行了广泛探讨，但对埃尔比勒等发展中地区的城市却缺乏足够的研究。此外，关于两班制学校对教育公平的影响的研究也非常少。本研究采用统计技术（位置商数和皮尔逊相关性）分析小学与人口数量之间的空间集中度和关系。此外，还利用地理信息系统（GIS）来研究影响教育公平的因素，重点是官立小学的空间分布及其与人口密度和房价的关系。这些技术包括平均中心、中心特征、标准距离、内核密度、平均最近邻近地区、缓冲区和 Thiessen 多边形，用于分析学校的地理分布、密度、模式、可达性、邻近性和学校位置评估。此外，本研究还通过考察教学时间来分析不同学校系统对公平的影响。结果显示，学校分布不均，主要集中在老城区，郊区较少，学校数量与房价呈负相关。值得注意的是，由于人数不足，埃尔比勒约 88% 的小学实行两班制，这使得每年的教学时间减少到 576 小时，大大低于其他学校系统。通过提出未来学校的公平优先模式并强调教育资源的有效分配，本研究为全球有关教育差距的讨论做出了贡献，并为城市环境中的公平资源分配提出了策略建议。

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引用次数: 0

Navigating between private and public: Understanding publicness of public open spaces in private developments in Hong Kong 游走于私人与公共之间：了解香港私人发展项目中公共开放空间的公共性

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.08.003

Izzy Yi Jian , Kar Him Mo , Pengfei Chen , Wanchun Ye , Kin Wai Michael Siu , Edwin H.W. Chan

Given that lands became increasingly expensive for governments to meet open space standards, there emerged a growing trend towards private sector involvement public open space provision. This collaboration has given rise to public open spaces in private developments (POSPD), characterised by varying levels of ‘publicness’ – the degree to which a space embodies public qualities and serves public interests. This research seeks to systematically understand the diverse manifestations of publicness in POSPDs using a proposed conceptual framework. Empirical examination of cases in Hong Kong yielded the statistical categorisation of POSPDs into five types, namely Edge Zone, Hide-and-Seek, Pseudo-Public Park, Consumers’ Paradise and Public Plaza. The results revealed a classist nature of POSPD publicness, with accessibility disproportionately favouring privileged groups. These findings contribute to a better understanding of POSPD publicness and highlights gaps in POS service and governance practice, provides valuable guidance for urban planners, policymakers, and developers in navigating the complexities of public space provision in increasingly privatized urban environments. The insights are relevant for creating more inclusive public spaces that cater to the needs of all community members, particularly in Asia’s high-density urban contexts.

由于政府为满足开放空间标准而占用土地的成本越来越高，私营部门参与提供公共开放空间的趋势日益明显。这种合作催生了私人开发项目中的公共开放空间（POSPD），其特点是不同程度的 "公共性"--空间体现公共品质和服务公共利益的程度。本研究试图利用一个拟议的概念框架，系统地理解私人开发项目中公共性的各种表现形式。通过对香港个案的实证研究，统计出私人订制公共空间可分为五种类型，即边缘地带、捉迷藏、伪公共公园、消费者乐园和公共广场。研究结果表明，公众休憩空间的公共性具有阶级歧视的性质，其可进入性对特权群体尤为有利。这些研究结果有助于更好地理解公共空间的公共性，并突出了公共空间服务和治理实践中的差距，为城市规划者、决策者和开发商在日益私有化的城市环境中驾驭复杂的公共空间提供问题提供了宝贵的指导。这些见解对于创建更具包容性的公共空间，满足所有社区成员的需求，尤其是在亚洲高密度的城市环境中，具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive street built environmental recognizabililty evaluation by integrating visual and spatial structural data 通过整合视觉和空间结构数据进行街道建筑环境综合识别评估

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.07.011

Yi Liu , Yang Yang , Qi Dong

Evaluating the recognizability of street built environments provides crucial support for urban planning, security monitoring and navigation. Although street view images (SVIs) are widely used in urban studies, it overlooks the interconnection among different locations, which can also affect perceptions about environmental recognizability. To address this issue, this study proposes a deep learning-based model called RB-Node, which comprehensively integrates spatial structural features in a road network view and visual features from SVIs, achieving 82.56% accuracy. It appears that image information from visual features dominates environmental recognizability. Additionally, structural information contributes significantly to the accurate classification of nodes and waterfront promenade areas. Moreover, scene-text information, a subset of visual features, helps classify commercial and historical areas. Furthermore, 1056 samples were collected through an eye-tracking experiment to validate the recognizability evaluation results, as well as compare the decision-making process between humans and RB-Node. According to the results, RB-Node behaviour and human observed behavior follow similar patterns, although human perceptions tend to be more holistic than RB-Node's. This study contributes to a better understanding of environmental recognizability and provides targeted recommendations for urban renewal.

评估街道建筑环境的可识别性为城市规划、安全监控和导航提供了重要支持。虽然街景图像（SVI）被广泛应用于城市研究，但它忽略了不同地点之间的相互联系，这也会影响人们对环境可识别性的感知。针对这一问题，本研究提出了一种基于深度学习的模型--RB-Node，该模型综合了路网视图中的空间结构特征和 SVI 中的视觉特征，准确率达到 82.56%。由此看来，来自视觉特征的图像信息主导了环境可识别性。此外，结构信息对节点和海滨长廊区域的准确分类也有很大帮助。此外，作为视觉特征子集的场景文本信息也有助于对商业和历史区域进行分类。此外，还通过眼动跟踪实验收集了 1056 个样本，以验证可识别性评估结果，并比较人类和 RB-Node 的决策过程。结果显示，RB-Node 的行为和人类观察到的行为遵循相似的模式，但人类的感知往往比 RB-Node 更全面。这项研究有助于更好地理解环境可识别性，并为城市更新提供有针对性的建议。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of urban sprawl: Deciphering the role of land prices and transportation costs in government-led urbanization 城市无计划扩展的动态：解读土地价格和交通成本在政府主导的城市化进程中的作用

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.08.002

Huayi Yu , Shengkun Zhu , Jing Victor Li , Lu Wang

While the relationship among land price, transportation cost, and urban sprawl under the condition of local governments monopolizing land supply has been rarely discussed in the literature, this paper addresses this gap by hypothesizing based on the monocentric city model. The hypothesis suggests that due to increasing land prices and decreasing transportation costs, urban fringes are more likely to be developed, leading residents to move away from the city center and altering the demographic pattern of urban sprawl. An empirical analysis is conducted using panel data from 104 cities in China, including remote sensing data of urban land construction areas. The results show that high land prices and low transportation costs drive urban sprawl, with varying impacts across cities. The coupling coordination analysis indicates increasing influence of urban sprawl on land prices and transportation costs. These findings suggest the government should address the effects of unplanned urban expansion on these factors. The findings suggest that the government should pay more attention to the effects of unplanned urban expansion on land prices and transportation costs. Understanding the role of local governments in urban planning is crucial for comprehending China's urbanization strategy and its implications on social exclusion, gentrification, high housing prices, and other urban issues.

在地方政府垄断土地供应的条件下，土地价格、交通成本与城市扩张之间的关系在文献中鲜有论述，本文基于单中心城市模型提出假设，弥补了这一空白。该假设认为，由于地价上涨和交通成本下降，城市边缘地区更有可能得到开发，从而导致居民远离城市中心，改变城市无序扩张的人口模式。本文利用中国 104 个城市的面板数据（包括城市土地建设面积的遥感数据）进行了实证分析。结果表明，高地价和低交通成本推动了城市无序扩张，对不同城市的影响各不相同。耦合协调分析表明，城市扩张对地价和交通成本的影响越来越大。这些研究结果表明，政府应解决城市无计划扩张对这些因素的影响。研究结果表明，政府应更多地关注城市无计划扩张对地价和交通成本的影响。了解地方政府在城市规划中的作用对于理解中国的城市化战略及其对社会排斥、绅士化、高房价和其他城市问题的影响至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Accessibility enhancement of mass transit system through GIS based modeling of feeder routes 通过基于地理信息系统的接驳路线建模，提高公共交通系统的无障碍程度

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.07.010

Muhammad Touseef Anjum , Saadia Tabassum , Tariq Alqubaysi , Hina Saleemi , Umbreen Us Sahar , Fayez Alanazi

Access and ingress to and from the metro stations plays a crucial role in elevating the efficacy of transportation systems. This study presents a novel approach to optimize and integrate feeder route network with mass transit system using GIS. An initial accessibility analysis of existing feeder routes revealed only 0.12% of the total population being served. To address the accessibility challenge a comprehensive GIS based feeder route design model based on population data and road network attributes was developed. The model efficiently identified candidate feeder stops which were further subjected to a route analysis model for optimal route design. A total of 29 feeder routes with an average length of 10.2 km were identified by the route analysis model. The results demonstrated that the feeder routes obtained through this method exhibited exceptional coverage across the study area effectively bridging the accessibility gaps. The effectiveness of the proposed model was validated through the service area analysis and density analysis, verifying a noticeable increase in route density and substantial population served corresponding to 0.25%. which is doubled as compared to the population served existing feeder routes. The study provides an opportunity for transit authorities to design efficient feeder networks complying with better integration and accessibility.

进出地铁站对提高交通系统的效率起着至关重要的作用。本研究提出了一种利用地理信息系统（GIS）优化和整合接驳线路网络与公共交通系统的新方法。对现有接驳线路的初步可达性分析表明，仅有 0.12% 的总人口得到了服务。为解决可达性难题，开发了基于人口数据和路网属性的综合 GIS 接驳线路设计模型。该模型有效地确定了候选接驳站，并进一步通过路线分析模型进行优化路线设计。路线分析模型共确定了 29 条接驳路线，平均长度为 10.2 公里。结果表明，通过这种方法获得的接驳线路在研究区域内的覆盖率非常高，有效地弥补了交通缺口。通过服务区域分析和密度分析，验证了所建议模型的有效性，证实了线路密度的显著增加和大量服务人口（相当于 0.25%），与现有接驳线路的服务人口相比，增加了一倍。这项研究为公交公司提供了一个机会，使其能够设计出符合更好的整合性和可达性的高效接驳网络。

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引用次数: 0

Socio-spatial features of neighbourhoods supporting social interaction between locals and migrants in peri-urban China 中国近郊区支持当地人与移民之间社会互动的邻里社会空间特征

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.07.006

Linyan Dai , Xin Sheng , Rangan Gupta

Western literature shows evidence of a positive relationship between socio-spatial features of neighbourhoods and social interaction. However, there is little research exploring this relationship in the Chinese context, particularly between locals and migrants in peri-urban China where significant housing is being created. This paper studies the socio-spatial features of neighbourhoods in supporting social interaction between locals and migrants across different neighbourhood types in the peri-urban areas in Guangzhou. In this research, data were collected using door-to-door questionnaires and site surveys in 9 peri-urban neighbourhoods in Guangzhou. The nature and strength of relationships between socio-spatial features of neighbourhoods and social interaction were examined through statistical analysis. The results of this study suggest that the level of maintenance and accessibility can help improve social interaction for locals and migrants living together in villages, redeveloped villages, and commodity housing. Neighbourhood boundaries and quality of neighbourhoods were found to be positively related to social interaction for locals and migrants in redeveloped villages only. In addition, the perceived character of the neighbourhood can positively impact social interaction for locals in villages only. This study demonstrates that high-quality neighbourhoods can improve social interaction between migrants and locals in peri-urban villages, commodity housing, and redeveloped villages in China. The study provides a guide for neighbourhood designers, urban planners, and property managers in peri-urban China regarding how to create a neighbourhood supporting social interaction between locals and migrants in villages, redeveloped villages and commodity housing respectively.

西方文献表明，街区的社会空间特征与社会交往之间存在着积极的关系。然而，很少有研究在中国的背景下探讨这种关系，特别是在中国正在建造大量住房的城市周边地区，本地人和移民之间的关系。本文研究了广州近郊区不同邻里类型的社会空间特征在支持本地人和外来人口之间社会互动方面的作用。本研究通过对广州 9 个近郊社区进行逐户问卷调查和现场调查来收集数据。通过统计分析，研究了街区的社会空间特征与社会互动之间关系的性质和强度。研究结果表明，维护水平和可达性有助于改善居住在城中村、重建村和商品房中的本地人和外来人口的社会交往。研究发现，邻里边界和邻里质量仅与重建村庄中当地人和移民的社会交往呈正相关。此外，仅在村庄中，邻里的感知特征会对当地人的社会交往产生积极影响。本研究表明，高质量的邻里关系可以改善中国城郊村、商品房和重建村中移民和当地人之间的社会交往。本研究为中国近郊区的邻里设计者、城市规划者和物业管理人员提供了指导，帮助他们了解如何分别在城中村、重建村和商品房中创建支持本地人和外来人口社会交往的邻里。

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引用次数: 0

Inclusive cities: Less crime requires more love 包容的城市：减少犯罪需要更多关爱

IF 3.9 2区社会学 Q1 URBAN STUDIES

Journal of Urban Management

Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jum.2024.08.001

Yuzhe Wu

引用次数: 0