Highly sensitive and specific uranyl ion detection by a fluorescent sensor containing uranyl-specific recognition sites.

Abstract

Uranium pollution has become a serious threat to human health and environmental safety, making the detection of environmental uranium contamination of great importance. The sensitive and specific detection of uranyl ions, which are the dominant form of uranium in the environment, depends on the specific recognition of uranyl ions by chemical groups. In this study, a novel fluorescent sensor containing a highly specific uranyl ion recognition group is synthesized via the reaction of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and 1,1,2,2-tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene (TPE-(COOH)₄). Owing to the effects of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), the fluorescent sensor, named TPE-EDC, exhibits significant fluorescent properties in aqueous environments. The binding of uranyl ions by specific recognition groups in TPE-EDC leads to a decrease in the ICT effect, thus causing a significant reduction in the emission intensity of TPE-EDC. The attenuation of the fluorescence intensity of TPE-EDC shows an excellent linear relationship with an increase in uranyl ion concentration. TPE-EDC exhibits ultra-sensitive and ultra-selective detection ability for uranyl ions with an ultra-low detection limit of 69 pmol/L and an ultrashort response time of 30 s. These high detection performances render the fluorescent sensor TPE-EDC a promising candidate for early warning of uranium pollution.