Accumulation of Parabens, Their Metabolites, and Halogenated Byproducts in Migratory Birds of Prey: A Comparative Study in Texas and North Carolina, USA

IF 3.6 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1002/etc.5974

Macarena Rojo, Ashley L. Ball, Mike T. Penrose, Scott M. Weir, Hailey LeBaron, Masanori Terasaki, George P. Cobb, Ramon Lavado

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Abstract

Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid that are commonly used as preservatives in personal care products such as cosmetics. Recent studies have revealed the presence of parabens in surface and tap water because of their use as disinfection products; however, little is known about their occurrence in biological samples and their bioaccumulation potential, particularly in raptor birds known as sentinels for pollutant detection. We examined the occurrence and tissue distribution of parabens, their metabolites, and halogenated byproducts in the liver, kidney, brain, and muscle of birds of prey from Texas and North Carolina (USA). Methylparaben (MeP), propylparaben (PrP), and butylparaben (BuP) were detected in more than 50% of all tissues examined, with the kidney exhibiting the highest concentration of MeP (0.65–6.84 ng/g wet wt). Para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a primary metabolite, had the highest detection frequency (>50%) and a high accumulation range in the liver, of 4.64 to 12.55 ng/g. The chlorinated compounds chloromethylparaben and chloroethylparaben were found in over half of the tissues, of which dichloromethylparaben (2.20–3.99 ng/g) and dichloroethylparaben (1.01–5.95 ng/g) in the kidney exhibited the highest concentrations. The dibrominated derivatives dibromideethylparaben (Br2EtP) was detected in more than 50% of samples, particularly in muscle and brain. Concentrations in the range of 0.14 to 17.38 ng/g of Br2EtP were detected in the kidney. Dibromidepropylparaben (Br2PrP) was not frequently detected, but concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 21.70 ng/g in muscle. The accumulations of total amounts (sum) of parent parabens (∑P), metabolites (∑M), and halogenated byproducts (∑H) in different species were not significantly different, but their distribution in tissues differed among the species. Positive correlations were observed among MeP, PrP, BuP, and PHBA in the liver, suggesting similar origins and metabolic pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2365–2376. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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美国得克萨斯州和北卡罗来纳州候鸟体内对羟基苯甲酸酯及其代谢物和卤代副产品的积累：一项比较研究。

对羟基苯甲酸酯是对羟基苯甲酸的烷基酯，通常用作化妆品等个人护理产品的防腐剂。最近的研究表明，由于对羟基苯甲酸酯被用作消毒产品，地表水和自来水中存在对羟基苯甲酸酯；然而，人们对其在生物样本中的出现及其生物累积潜力知之甚少，尤其是在被称为污染物检测哨兵的猛禽中。我们研究了对羟基苯甲酸酯、其代谢物和卤代副产品在得克萨斯州和北卡罗来纳州（美国）猛禽肝脏、肾脏、大脑和肌肉中的发生率和组织分布情况。在 50%以上的受检组织中都检测到了对羟基苯甲酸甲酯（MeP）、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯（PrP）和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯（BuP），其中肾脏中的 MeP 浓度最高（0.65-6.84 纳克/克湿重）。对羟基苯甲酸（PHBA）是一种初级代谢物，其检测频率最高（>50%），在肝脏中的累积范围较高，为 4.64 至 12.55 纳克/克。在一半以上的组织中发现了氯代化合物氯甲基苯甲酸酯和氯乙基苯甲酸酯，其中肾脏中的二氯甲基苯甲酸酯（2.20-3.99 纳克/克）和二氯乙基苯甲酸酯（1.01-5.95 纳克/克）浓度最高。超过 50% 的样本中检测到二溴衍生物二溴乙基苯甲酸酯（Br2EtP），尤其是在肌肉和大脑中。在肾脏中检测到的 Br2EtP 浓度范围为 0.14 至 17.38 纳克/克。二溴二丙基苯甲酸酯（Br2PrP）并不经常被检测到，但在肌肉中的浓度范围为 0.09 至 21.70 纳克/克。母体对羟基苯甲酸酯（∑P）、代谢物（∑M）和卤代副产物（∑H）的总量（总和）在不同物种中的累积量没有显著差异，但其在组织中的分布却因物种而异。肝脏中的 MeP、PrP、BuP 和 PHBA 之间呈正相关，这表明它们的来源和代谢途径相似。环境毒物化学 2024;00:1-12。© 2024 The Author(s).环境毒理学与化学》由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。

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来源期刊

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 环境科学-毒理学

CiteScore

7.40

自引率

9.80%

发文量

265

审稿时长

3.4 months

期刊介绍： The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) publishes two journals: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C) and Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management (IEAM). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is dedicated to furthering scientific knowledge and disseminating information on environmental toxicology and chemistry, including the application of these sciences to risk assessment.[...] Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry is interdisciplinary in scope and integrates the fields of environmental toxicology; environmental, analytical, and molecular chemistry; ecology; physiology; biochemistry; microbiology; genetics; genomics; environmental engineering; chemical, environmental, and biological modeling; epidemiology; and earth sciences. ET&C seeks to publish papers describing original experimental or theoretical work that significantly advances understanding in the area of environmental toxicology, environmental chemistry and hazard/risk assessment. Emphasis is given to papers that enhance capabilities for the prediction, measurement, and assessment of the fate and effects of chemicals in the environment, rather than simply providing additional data. The scientific impact of papers is judged in terms of the breadth and depth of the findings and the expected influence on existing or future scientific practice. Methodological papers must make clear not only how the work differs from existing practice, but the significance of these differences to the field. Site-based research or monitoring must have regional or global implications beyond the particular site, such as evaluating processes, mechanisms, or theory under a natural environmental setting.

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