Preparation of low-cost sludge-based highly porous biochar for efficient removal of refractory pollutants from agrochemical and pharmaceutical wastewater.

Journal of hazardous materials Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-17 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135572
Md Manik Mian, Wenya Ao, Lei Xiao, Jianzhong Xiao, Shubo Deng
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Abstract

Producing a high-performance sludge biochar through a feasible method is a great challenge and is crucial for practicability. Herein, we reported a highly porous sludge biochar synthesized from agrochemical-pharmaceutical and municipal sludge blends through a novel pyrolysis-acid treatment-post pyrolysis method. The optimized biochar named ASMS91 obtained interconnected pores with a total pore volume of 0.894 cm3/g and a surface area of 691.4 m2/g through extended acid wash and subsequent post-pyrolysis, which is superior to non-activated sludge biochar. ASMS91 removed 45.3 % of wastewater COD (156 mg/L) in 24 h, which was rapid and higher performance than commercial activated carbon (1000 iodine number). This outstanding performance is due to its high adsorption ability of long-chain aliphatic compounds (e.g., 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, neophytadiene and eicosane) into mesopores, which accounts for 71.8 % of pore filling. ASMS91 was highly recyclable, and adsorption was reduced by only 5.3 % after the 4th cycle. It also outperformed other sludge biochar in literature in removing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2 FTS), sulfamethoxazole, methylene blue, and methylene orange. Finally, the feasibility of our proposed method was validated by a brief techno-economic analysis. This feasible approach may support future research regarding sludge valorization and low-cost chemical wastewater treatment.

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制备基于污泥的低成本高多孔生物炭,用于高效去除农用化学品和制药废水中的难降解污染物。
通过可行的方法生产高性能的污泥生物炭是一项巨大的挑战,也是实用性的关键。在此,我们报告了一种通过新型热解-酸处理-后热解方法从农用化学品-制药和市政污泥混合物中合成的高孔隙率污泥生物炭。优化后的生物炭被命名为 ASMS91,通过延长酸洗和随后的热解后处理,获得了相互连接的孔隙,总孔隙体积为 0.894 cm3/g,比表面积为 691.4 m2/g,优于非活性污泥生物炭。ASMS91 能在 24 小时内去除 45.3% 的废水 COD(156 mg/L),比商用活性炭(碘数为 1000)更快、更高效。这种出色的性能得益于其对中孔中长链脂肪族化合物(如 2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、新对二甲苯和二十烷)的高吸附能力,占孔隙填充的 71.8%。ASMS91 具有很高的可回收性,在第 4 个循环后,吸附量只减少了 5.3%。在去除全氟辛酸(PFOA)、6:2 氟橡胶磺酸盐(6:2 FTS)、磺胺甲噁唑、亚甲蓝和亚甲基橙方面,ASMS91 的表现也优于文献中的其他污泥生物炭。最后,通过简短的技术经济分析验证了我们提出的方法的可行性。这种可行的方法可为今后有关污泥价值化和低成本化学废水处理的研究提供支持。
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