Hydrothermal carbonization of combined food waste: A critical evaluation of emergent products

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Waste management Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.08.012

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Abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) increasingly appears as an eco-friendly method for managing food waste (FW). In this work, a combination of FW was subjected to HTC, and products were critically evaluated. This involved a lab-scale pressure reactor and optimization of HTC conditions: temperature (220–340 °C) and residence time (90–260 min) via central composite design type of response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Results showed varying temperatures and residence time to impact the hydrochar (HC) and hydrothermal carbonization aqueous phase (HTC-AP) properties. Although HC produced through HTC exhibited lower ash content (<2%) despite higher fixed carbon (>55 %) with respect to the raw FW, the heating value of HC ranged from 19.2 to 32.5 MJ/kg. Temperature primarily influenced FW conversion, affecting carbonaceous properties. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were found to be predominant in the HTC-AP under all tested operating conditions (77.3, 48.4, and 37.1 wt% for HTC at 340, 280, and 220 °C in 180 min, respectively). Total phosphorus recovery in HC and HTC-AP respectively peaked at 340 °C and 220 °C in 180 min. The study concludes that HTC holds promise for energy-dense biofuel production, nutrient recovery, and fostering a circular economy.

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混合食物垃圾的水热碳化：对新兴产品的重要评估

水热碳化（HTC）作为一种管理食物垃圾（FW）的生态友好型方法日益受到重视。在这项工作中，对 FW 组合进行了氢化热处理，并对产品进行了严格评估。这涉及到一个实验室规模的压力反应器，以及通过响应面方法的中央复合设计类型（CCD-RSM）优化 HTC 条件：温度（220-340 °C）和停留时间（90-260 分钟）。结果表明，不同的温度和停留时间会影响水炭（HC）和水热碳化水相（HTC-AP）的特性。虽然通过水热碳化法生产的碳化炭灰分含量较低（2%），但固定碳含量（55%）却高于原料纤维素，碳化炭的热值介于 19.2 到 32.5 兆焦/千克之间。温度主要影响纤维素的转化，并影响碳质的特性。在所有测试的操作条件下，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）在 HTC-AP 中均占主导地位（180 分钟内，HTC 在 340、280 和 220 °C 下的饱和脂肪酸含量分别为 77.3、48.4 和 37.1 wt%）。HC 和 HTC-AP 的总磷回收率分别在 340 ℃ 和 220 ℃ 的 180 分钟内达到峰值。研究得出结论，HTC 有望用于高能量生物燃料的生产、营养物质的回收以及促进循环经济的发展。

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来源期刊

Waste management 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

15.60

自引率

6.20%

发文量

492

审稿时长

39 days

期刊介绍： Waste Management is devoted to the presentation and discussion of information on solid wastes,it covers the entire lifecycle of solid. wastes. Scope: Addresses solid wastes in both industrialized and economically developing countries Covers various types of solid wastes, including: Municipal (e.g., residential, institutional, commercial, light industrial) Agricultural Special (e.g., C and D, healthcare, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge)