Waste management最新文献

Monitoring litter typology and loading in stormwater: Implications for waste management and mitigation policies 监测雨水中的垃圾类型和装载：对废物管理和缓解政策的影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115350

Romain TRAMOY , Lauriane LEDIEU , Ibrahima MBALLO BIAYE , Johnny GASPERI , Bruno TASSIN

Sewer systems are an overlooked pathway of litter to rivers. We monitored six combined and four separate sewer outlets in France using retention nets over several years to quantify and characterize over 30,000 items > 5 mm, including 91% plastic debris. Total median loading rates were 155 g ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (120 g.ha⁻¹.yr⁻¹ for plastics) and 8 g cap⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (6 g cap⁻¹.yr⁻¹ for plastics), consistent with the few previous studies available in stormwater and rivers, although litter typology is different. Combined sewers were dominated by sanitary products like wet wipes and towels (46% of plastic mass), while separate systems were dominated by cigarette butts and food packaging related to on-the-go consumption. Sewer monitoring proved complementary to river monitoring, with fewer unidentified items (∼15%) and clearer source attribution. Management strongly influenced maintenance costs: internal management and incineration by public authorities was far cheaper (800 € per net and per year) than outsourced landfill disposal (16,000 € per net and per year). Despite operational limits of nets, sewer monitoring provides robust data for litter flux models and for evaluating upstream mitigation policies. Expanding such monitoring, supported by sustained funding and international coordination, will afford reliable and homogeneous method for litter loading estimates into rivers and their source identification:an essential step toward an effective plastics treaty.

下水道系统是垃圾流入河流的一个被忽视的途径。几年来，我们使用截留网监测了法国的6个综合下水道和4个独立下水道，量化和表征了3万多件5毫米的物品，其中包括91%的塑料碎片。总中位负荷率为155 g ha−1 yr−1 （120 g ha−1）。Yr−1（塑料）和8g cap−1 （6g cap−1）。Yr−1为塑料)，与之前在雨水和河流中获得的少数研究一致，尽管凋落物类型不同。联合下水道主要是卫生用品，如湿纸巾和毛巾（占塑料质量的46%），而单独的系统主要是烟头和与移动消费相关的食品包装。事实证明，下水道监测是对河流监测的补充，未识别项目较少（约15%），来源归属更明确。管理对维护费用有很大影响：公共当局的内部管理和焚烧费用（每净和每年800欧元）远低于外包填埋处置费用（每净和每年16 000欧元）。尽管网络的运行受到限制，下水道监测为凋落物通量模型和评估上游缓解政策提供了可靠的数据。在持续的资金和国际协调的支持下扩大这种监测，将为估计流入河流的垃圾及其来源的确定提供可靠和一致的方法：这是达成有效塑料条约的重要一步。

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引用次数: 0

Parametrization of biowaste composting system for life cycle assessment 生物垃圾堆肥系统生命周期评价的参数化

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115337

Nomena Ravoahangy , Guillaume Majeau-Bettez , Olivier Schoefs

Composting is a widely used method for managing and valorizing biowaste. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is commonly applied to evaluate its environmental impacts. Current methods used to model life cycle inventories often oversimplify the complex physical, chemical, and biological processes involved. This study introduces the Parametrized Composting Tool for Environmental Assessment (PaCTEA), developed to better capture the influence of biowaste composition variability and operational parameters on composting environmental impacts. PaCTEA integrates a composting model that predicts direct emissions of CO₂, NH₃, CH₄, and N₂O, as well as the nutrient composition of the resulting compost. This detailed characterization enables a more accurate estimation of the potential substitution of fertilizers and peat. Even though the core of PaCTEA is a complex chemical engineering model, it is linked to a simple parametrization based on operational parameters. To demonstrate its functionality, simulations were performed to assess the influence of biowaste composition, aeration mode, and ambient temperature on the environmental performance of composting. The LCA results show clear differences between scenarios. Variations in biowaste composition reduced ecosystem quality and natural resource impacts by up to 29% and 52%, and increased human health benefits by nearly 9%. Passive aeration outperformed active aeration, improving ecosystem quality by up to 175% and human health benefits by 35%, while reducing natural resource impacts by 50%. Composting at 5°C increased ecosystem quality and resource impacts by up to 32% and 7%, and reduced human health benefits by about 5% compared to 25°C.

堆肥是一种广泛使用的管理和增值生物废物的方法。生命周期评价（LCA）是评价其环境影响的常用方法。目前用于生命周期清单建模的方法往往过于简化所涉及的复杂的物理、化学和生物过程。本研究引入了参数化堆肥环境评估工具（PaCTEA），该工具旨在更好地捕捉生物废弃物组成变化和操作参数对堆肥环境影响的影响。PaCTEA集成了一个堆肥模型，该模型可以预测CO2、NH3、CH4和N2O的直接排放，以及所产生的堆肥的营养成分。这种详细的特征可以更准确地估计化肥和泥炭的潜在替代品。尽管PaCTEA的核心是一个复杂的化学工程模型，但它与基于操作参数的简单参数化相关联。为了证明其功能，进行了模拟，以评估生物废物组成、曝气方式和环境温度对堆肥环境性能的影响。LCA结果显示了不同情景之间的明显差异。生物废物组成的变化将生态系统质量和自然资源影响分别降低了29%和52%，并将人类健康效益提高了近9%。被动曝气优于主动曝气，将生态系统质量提高了175%，将人类健康效益提高了35%，同时将自然资源影响降低了50%。与25°C相比，5°C的堆肥使生态系统质量和资源影响分别增加了32%和7%，并使人类健康效益减少了约5%。

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引用次数: 0

Waste–to–waste valorization: Sustainable palladium recovery from real spent catalytic converter leachates using chicken feathers 废物对废物增值：利用鸡毛从真正的催化转化器废渗滤液中可持续回收钯

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115349

Amir Nobahar , Flavia N. Braga , Filipe H.B. Sosa , Nicolas Schaeffer , João A.P. Coutinho , Helena Passos

The increasing demand for platinum group metals (PGM), mainly driven by their extensive use in automotive catalytic converters, has heightened the need for efficient and green recovery methods. Simultaneously, the poultry industry generates significant amounts of keratin–rich chicken feathers (CF), which are commonly disposed of by incineration or landfilling, raising environmental concerns. This study explores the use of CF as a sustainable and cost–effective biosorbent for the selective recovery of Pd from synthetic multimetallic solutions and HCl–based spent autocatalytic converters leachates. Adsorption experiments revealed that the optimal Pd uptake (14.10 ± 0.31) mg.g⁻¹ was achieved at 0.2 M HCl (pH ∼ 0.79), while 2 M HCl provided the highest selectivity towards Pd over other metals. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo–second–order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, and Langmuir isotherm analysis yielded a Pd adsorption capacity of (19.61 ± 1.31) mg.g⁻¹. Desorption tests demonstrated ∼100% Pd recovery using 0.2 M thiourea + 0.5 M HCl solution. Characterization of the CF by Raman and solid–state UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM−EDX, and XPS confirmed the interaction of Pd with disulfide bonds and protonated amino groups as Pd–chloride complexes. Bench–scale trials on HCl–based leachates with an optimized CF to leachate ratio achieved near–complete Pd separation in a single adsorption step with high purity, highlighting the robustness and selectivity of this method under realistic conditions. Pd was successfully desorbed from CF by acidified thiourea solution, offering added value for catalytic applications.

由于铂族金属在汽车催化转化器中的广泛应用，对铂族金属（PGM）的需求不断增加，对高效和绿色回收方法的需求日益增加。同时，家禽业产生大量富含角蛋白的鸡毛（CF），这些鸡毛通常通过焚烧或填埋处理，引起了环境问题。本研究探索了将CF作为一种可持续的、具有成本效益的生物吸附剂，用于从合成多金属溶液和盐酸自催化转化器废渗滤液中选择性回收Pd。吸附实验表明，在0.2 M HCl （pH ~ 0.79）条件下，Pd的最佳吸收量为（14.10±0.31）mg.g−1，而2 M HCl对Pd的选择性高于其他金属。吸附动力学符合准二级模型，表明化学吸附是主要机理，Langmuir等温线分析得出Pd的吸附量为（19.61±1.31）mg.g−1。解吸试验表明，使用0.2 M硫脲+ 0.5 M盐酸溶液，Pd回收率为~ 100%。通过拉曼光谱、固相紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、扫描电镜- EDX和XPS表征，证实了钯与二硫键和质子化氨基之间的相互作用是钯-氯配合物。在优化的滤出液比条件下对盐酸渗滤液进行了实验，实现了单步吸附几乎完全分离Pd，且纯度高，突出了该方法在现实条件下的稳健性和选择性。通过酸化硫脲溶液成功地从CF中解吸Pd，为催化应用提供了附加价值。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative study on pyrolysis characteristics of common fractions from real municipal solid waste using Py-GC/MS and principal component analysis 应用Py-GC/MS和主成分分析对真实城市生活垃圾中常见馏分热解特性进行对比研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115348

Rui Zhang , Wenxi Zhao , Hiroki Harada , Masaki Takaoka

Efficient thermal conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) requires a mechanistic understanding of real, heterogeneous waste, yet most mechanistic studies rely on simplified or simulated MSW, leaving the molecular-level impacts of real heterogeneity insufficiently understood. This study aims to systematically characterize pyrolysis of real MSW fractions and evaluate the influence of sample- and temporal-scale heterogeneity. Two MSW samples were collected from an incineration plant on the same day (morning vs. afternoon), classified and cryogenically milled to assess achievable laboratory homogeneity and temporal heterogeneity. Pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was conducted based on thermogravimetric profiles. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on the results to jointly distinguish MSW fractions and quantify heterogeneity effect via distances in principal-component space. PCA revealed a distance pattern of technical replicates < inter-batch < inter-fraction, confirming sufficient homogenization by cryogenic milling and detectable temporal variability in real MSW. Real MSW predominantly produced hydroxyacetaldehyde and levoglucosan from biomass-based fractions (Paper, Cloth, Wood, Kitchen Waste) and styrene from Resin. These differed from those reported for simulated MSW, e.g., acetic acid (sawdust), D-allose (cotton clothes), acetic acid (vegetables), underscoring the importance of using real MSW in mechanistic investigations. Increasing temperature shifted biomass volatiles from anhydrosugars toward carbonyls and gases, while Resin evolved from benzene and straight-chain compounds to cyclic species. The PCA-based distance framework in this study provides a methodological approach for quantifying heterogeneity, assessing representativeness, and improving the reliability of lab micro-scale analyses of real MSW.

城市固体废物（MSW）的有效热转化需要对真实的、非均质废物的机理理解，然而大多数机理研究依赖于简化或模拟的城市固体废物，而对真实非均质废物的分子水平影响了解不足。本研究旨在系统表征真实生活垃圾馏分的热解过程，并评估样品和时间尺度非均质性对热解过程的影响。在同一天（上午和下午）从焚烧厂收集了两个生活垃圾样本，进行分类和低温研磨，以评估可实现的实验室同质性和时间异质性。基于热重谱进行热解气相色谱-质谱分析（Py-GC/MS）。应用主成分分析（PCA）对结果进行联合区分，并通过主成分空间的距离量化异质性效应。PCA揭示了技术重复的距离模式&批次间&组分间，证实了低温碾磨的充分均质化和真实生活垃圾中可检测的时间变化。真正的城市生活垃圾主要从生物质组分（纸、布、木材、厨房垃圾）和树脂中产生羟乙醛和左旋葡聚糖。这些不同于模拟城市生活垃圾的报道，例如醋酸（锯末），D-allose（棉衣），醋酸（蔬菜），强调了在机理研究中使用真实城市生活垃圾的重要性。升高的温度使生物质挥发物从无水糖转向羰基和气体，而树脂则从苯和直链化合物进化为环状物质。本研究中基于pca的距离框架为量化异质性、评估代表性和提高真实城市生活垃圾实验室微观分析的可靠性提供了一种方法学方法。

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引用次数: 0

Urban waste management inequities in New York city: a case study on spatial patterns of controlled and uncontrolled street waste and their associated factors 纽约市城市废物管理的不平等：受控制和不受控制的街道废物空间格局及其相关因素的案例研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115333

Siwei Zhang, Jun Ma

Comprehensive urban waste management systems, addressing municipal waste collection and construction waste disposal, are essential for maintaining livable and sustainable cities. Understanding the spatial distribution patterns of controlled and uncontrolled waste, along with their underlying environmental and socioeconomic determinants, is essential for developing more effective urban waste management strategies. However, comprehensive analysis of street-level waste distribution and its relationship with socioeconomic factors remains limited, particularly regarding environmental justice implications. This study developed a computer vision approach to detect controlled and uncontrolled waste in New York City and analyzed their spatial distribution patterns to examine associations with urban environmental and socioeconomic characteristics. We employed Swin Transformer architecture for automated waste detection from street-view imagery. Spatial analysis, logistic regression, and interpretable machine learning using SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) were applied to analyze 43 variables across environmental and socioeconomic factors. Results revealed contrasting distribution profiles where controlled waste concentrated in high-density, well-developed areas with higher education levels, while uncontrolled waste exhibited dual marginalization in urban peripheries and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. Hispanic populations showed 14.9 % higher odds of uncontrolled waste exposure (OR = 1.149, p = 0.032), confirming environmental justice concerns. This research provides the first comprehensive quantitative evidence of street-level waste inequality, revealing significant spatial and social disparities that support targeted policy interventions through data-driven hotspot identification for vulnerable communities in urban waste management systems.

解决城市废物收集和建筑废物处理问题的综合城市废物管理系统对于维持宜居和可持续城市至关重要。了解控制和不控制废物的空间分布模式，以及其潜在的环境和社会经济决定因素，对于制定更有效的城市废物管理战略至关重要。然而，对街道垃圾分布及其与社会经济因素的关系的综合分析仍然有限，特别是对环境正义的影响。本研究开发了一种计算机视觉方法来检测纽约市的受控和非受控废物，并分析其空间分布模式，以研究其与城市环境和社会经济特征的关系。我们使用Swin Transformer架构从街景图像中自动检测垃圾。空间分析、逻辑回归和使用SHapley加性解释（SHapley Additive explanation）的可解释机器学习应用于分析环境和社会经济因素中的43个变量。结果显示，受控制的垃圾集中在高密度、经济发达、教育水平较高的地区，而不受控制的垃圾则在城市边缘和社会经济条件较差的社区呈现双重边缘化。西班牙裔人群未受控制的废物暴露的几率高出14.9% (OR = 1.149, p = 0.032)，证实了对环境正义的关注。该研究首次提供了街头垃圾不平等的综合定量证据，揭示了显著的空间和社会差异，通过数据驱动的城市垃圾管理系统中脆弱社区的热点识别，为有针对性的政策干预提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of seasonal variability on aerobic biostabilisation kinetics of mechanically pre-treated organic fraction municipal solid waste 季节变化对机械预处理有机部分城市生活垃圾好氧生物稳定动力学的影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115336

Vladimir Mironov , Egor Barvashov , Shenghua Zhang , Sofia Telegina , Ang Li

This study investigates how seasonal variations in the composition and properties of the mechanically sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste (ms-OFMSW) affect the rate of aerobic biostabilisation. A one-year study, monthly samples of raw ms-OFMSW were taken from a full-scale mechanical–biological treatment plant and tested for morphological composition, physicochemical parameters, and respiratory activity under conditions of 14-day pilot-scale biostabilisation process. Results showed that a maximum microbial activity estimated from an oxygen uptake rate of 1381 ± 164 mg O₂ kg⁻¹ DM h⁻¹ and heat emission of 8609 ± 1370 J kg⁻¹ h⁻¹, was observed within the first 10 ± 2h at 39.8 ± 0.8 °C. In spring and summer, the rate of biodegradation decreased by more than half due to low pH (5.3–5.5) and a high proportion of paper and fine fractions, which led to the accumulation of thermal energy (up to 146.8 kJ kg⁻¹) and a decrease in oxygen uptake (up to 33.7 g O₂ kg⁻¹). In contrast, higher shares of yard waste in autumn (23.2 %) and food waste in winter (29.9 %) created favorable conditions with moderate pH (5.7–6.1), temperatures of 62–68 °C, and elevated oxygen uptake (77.8–90.1 g O₂ kg⁻¹). These findings highlight the importance of operational control of the properties of raw ms-OFMSW for the possibility of predicting biostabilisation and developing methods for adaptive process control.

本研究探讨了城市固体废物（ms-OFMSW）机械分类有机组分的组成和性质的季节变化如何影响好氧生物稳定速率。在为期一年的研究中，研究人员每月从一个大型机械生物处理厂采集原始ms-OFMSW样品，并在为期14天的中试生物稳定过程中测试其形态组成、理化参数和呼吸活动。结果表明，在39.8±0.8°C温度下，前10±2h内微生物活性最高，吸氧速率为1381±164 mg O2 kg−1 DM h−1，放热速率为8609±1370 J kg−1 h−1。在春季和夏季，由于pH值较低（5.3-5.5），纸和细组分的比例较高，生物降解率下降了一半以上，导致热能积累（高达146.8 kJ kg - 1）和氧气吸收减少（高达33.7 g O2 kg - 1）。相比之下，秋季院子垃圾（23.2%）和冬季食物垃圾（29.9%）的比例较高，为pH（5.7-6.1）适中、温度为62-68°C、氧气吸吸量（77.8-90.1 g O2 kg−1）升高创造了有利条件。这些发现强调了对原料ms-OFMSW性能的操作控制对于预测生物稳定性和开发自适应过程控制方法的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Recovery of diverse solid wastes into porous materials via thermal processing: Review of melt structure, processing parameter, and application 各种固体废物通过热加工回收成多孔材料：熔体结构、加工参数和应用综述

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115343

Weiyi Ji , Yifan Zhou , Jian-Xin Lu , Christopher Cheeseman , Chi-Sun Poon

Converting multiple solid wastes into sustainable porous materials via thermal processing is a practical approach to beneficially recycling waste and reducing landfill burden. The resulting value-added products have great potential as insulation and lightweight materials for construction purposes. The properties of these waste-based porous materials (WBPM) are mainly determined by the thermal process, specifically the high-temperature matrix properties and the gas evolution process. This review provides insights into the key factors affecting the melt structure of the matrix and the gas, from the perspective of the composition of starting materials, thermal treatment conditions, and additives. In particular, the effects of the main oxide components constituting solid waste on the melt structure and crystallisation are analysed. The conventional and novel applications of WBPM are summarised and discussed. These insights provide significant information for facilitating the highly efficient utilisation of solid wastes into value-added porous materials on a large scale.

通过热处理将多种固体废物转化为可持续多孔材料是有效回收废物和减少垃圾填埋负担的可行方法。由此产生的增值产品作为建筑用途的绝缘和轻质材料具有很大的潜力。这些废物基多孔材料（WBPM）的性能主要取决于热过程，特别是高温基体性能和气体释放过程。本文从原料组成、热处理条件和添加剂等方面综述了影响基体和气体熔体结构的关键因素。特别分析了构成固体废物的主要氧化物组分对熔体结构和结晶的影响。总结和讨论了WBPM的传统应用和新应用。这些见解为促进固体废物大规模高效利用成增值多孔材料提供了重要信息。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic electrochemical multi-resources recovery from spent LiFePO4 and etching solvents 废LiFePO4和蚀刻溶剂的协同电化学多资源回收

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115338

Wei Jin , Chaoqi Wang , Feilong Zhang

The recycling of spent lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LFP) is crucial for resource sustainability and environmental protection. Conventional hydrometallurgical processes often require the addition of external strong oxidizing agents and elevated temperatures to achieve satisfactory metal leaching, presenting both economic and environmental challenges. This study proposes an innovative and sustainable “waste-to-wealth” strategy for the simultaneous recovery of valuable metals from spent LFP cathodes and copper (Cu) from etching waste liquid. The core of this strategy is an integrated “three-birds-with-one-stone” separation technology combining electrochemical oxidation and deposition. Without requiring external oxidants, chloride ions naturally present in the etching wastewater are electrochemically oxidized in situ at a Ru-Ir-Ti anode to generate active chlorine species, which effectively destroy the LFP crystal structure for Li extraction. Simultaneously, Cu ions are directly electrodeposited onto the cathode as metallic Cu powder. Under optimal conditions (0.2 M HCl, 120 min), leaching efficiencies of 100 % for Li and 73.3 % for Fe were achieved, along with a Cu deposition efficiency of 99.6 %. Subsequent selective precipitation yielded high-purity, battery-grade Li₃PO₄ (99.5 % purity). Mechanistic studies confirmed that active chlorine species are the primary contributors to the highly efficient Li leaching. This novel process eliminates the need for external oxidants and heating, offering a greener, more cost-effective, and streamlined alternative for the coordinated recovery of spent batteries and heavy-metal-containing wastewater, demonstrating significant potential for practical application within a circular economy framework.

废旧锂离子电池的回收利用对资源可持续性和环境保护具有重要意义。传统的湿法冶金工艺通常需要添加外部强氧化剂和提高温度才能达到令人满意的金属浸出，这对经济和环境都提出了挑战。本研究提出了一种创新和可持续的“废物转化财富”战略，同时从废LFP阴极和蚀刻废液中回收有价金属和铜（Cu）。该战略的核心是电化学氧化与沉积相结合的一体化“三鸟一石”分离技术。在不需要外部氧化剂的情况下，蚀刻废水中天然存在的氯离子在Ru-Ir-Ti阳极上原位电化学氧化，生成活性氯物质，有效破坏LFP晶体结构，用于Li提取。同时，铜离子以金属铜粉的形式直接电沉积在阴极上。在最佳条件下（0.2 M HCl, 120 min）， Li的浸出率为100%，Fe的浸出率为73.3%，Cu的沉积效率为99.6%。随后的选择性沉淀得到了高纯度的电池级Li3PO4（纯度为99.5%）。机理研究证实，活性氯是高效锂浸出的主要贡献者。这种新工艺消除了外部氧化剂和加热的需要，为废旧电池和含重金属废水的协调回收提供了一种更环保、更具成本效益和精简的替代方案，在循环经济框架内展示了巨大的实际应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic upcycling of waste polystyrene plastics into production of fuels and chemicals: A review 废聚苯乙烯塑料催化升级回收用于燃料和化工产品的研究进展

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115344

Yuanxing Pu , Xuefeng Hu , Huixian Du

Polystyrene (PS), one of the world’s most widely produced plastics, generates significant white pollution due to its non-biodegradable nature. However, these waste materials contain abundant carbon resources that can serve as raw materials for producing high-value products, making it necessary to convert them into valuable chemicals. Catalytic upcycling and recycling technologies achieve this by selectively breaking and recombining chemical bonds, thereby efficiently converting waste PS into valuable chemical products like styrene monomers, aromatics and fuels. This represents one of the core pathways to achieve a “plastic circular economy.” This paper reviews recent research progress in novel catalytic technologies (e.g., thermal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis) for PS recycling, with particular emphasis on elucidating reaction mechanisms, reaction processes, and product-directed control mechanisms. Finally, it discusses the application prospects and future development trends of plastic catalytic upgrading technologies, providing valuable insights for achieving a sustainable plastic circular economy. This review offers a systematic perspective on technological breakthroughs in the catalytic recycling of waste PS, aiming to lay the foundation for the recyclability and long-term sustainable production of PS.

聚苯乙烯（PS）是世界上生产最广泛的塑料之一，由于其不可生物降解的性质，产生了严重的白色污染。然而，这些废物中含有丰富的碳资源，可以作为生产高价值产品的原材料，因此有必要将其转化为有价值的化学品。催化升级和回收技术通过选择性地破坏和重组化学键来实现这一目标，从而有效地将废弃PS转化为有价值的化学产品，如苯乙烯单体、芳烃和燃料。这是实现“塑料循环经济”的核心途径之一。本文综述了近年来新型催化技术（如热催化、光催化和电催化）在PS回收中的研究进展，重点阐述了反应机理、反应过程和产物导向控制机制。最后讨论了塑料催化升级技术的应用前景和未来发展趋势，为实现可持续的塑料循环经济提供了有价值的见解。本文综述了废PS催化回收的技术突破，旨在为PS的可回收性和长期可持续生产奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0

Recovery of multiple polyol grades from complex flexible polyurethane foams by depolymerization with alkanolamines 用烷醇胺解聚法从复合柔性聚氨酯泡沫中回收多个多元醇等级

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115340

Zoë De Herdt , Muhammad Adeel , Lukasz Pazdur , Matthew Porters , Victor Beeckmans , Jonas Cassimon , Christophe M.L. Vande Velde , Pieter Billen

The chemical recycling of polyurethane (PU) foams is limited by their chemical complexity, especially in multi-polyol formulations, resulting in low recovery rates of high-value products. This study presents a novel chemical depolymerization approach using diethanolamine (DEA) to achieve three-phase separation and maximize recovery of aromatic amines derived from isocyanates. Reaction parameters including temperature, reaction time, and DEA:PU ratio were evaluated, identifying optimal conditions (240 °C, 30 min, DEA:PU 2:1 by mass) that consistently produced a clear three-phase separation and yielded methylenedianiline (MDA) at 89 % of the theoretical maximum. Layer analysis revealed a distinct component distribution: the top and middle phases contained mainly polyols (82.7 % Polyol 1, 87.4 % Polyol 2, respectively), while the bottom phase was predominantly MDA and unreacted DEA. Urea-containing intermediates formed under milder conditions, gradually decomposing into aromatic amines under extended reaction times, revealed aminolysis as the dominant reaction pathway. The method was successfully applied to MDI- and TDI-based foams, with up to five polyols, and to mixed foams, demonstrating robustness and versatility. A predictive test, mixing polyols and cleaving agents at room temperature, reliably indicated the feasibility of three-phase separation even before depolymerization. Testing other cleaving agents showed that alkanolamines with primary or secondary amines, such as 2-aminoethanol, can also induce three-phase separation. The potential of other amines requires further investigation for optimized and efficient macroscopic phase separation.

聚氨酯（PU）泡沫的化学回收受到其化学复杂性的限制，特别是在多多元醇配方中，导致高价值产品的回收率低。本研究提出了一种新的化学解聚方法，利用二乙醇胺（DEA）实现三相分离，最大限度地回收异氰酸酯衍生的芳香胺。对反应参数包括温度、反应时间和DEA:PU比进行了评估，确定了最佳条件（240°C, 30 min， DEA:PU 2:1质量比），该条件始终能产生清晰的三相分离，并以理论最大值的89%产亚甲二苯胺（MDA）。层析结果表明，组分分布明显，顶相和中间相以多元醇为主（多元醇1占82.7%，多元醇2占87.4%），底相以MDA和未反应的DEA为主。含尿素中间体在较温和的条件下形成，在较长的反应时间下逐渐分解为芳香胺，表明氨解是主要的反应途径。该方法已成功应用于MDI和tdi基泡沫（含多达5种多元醇）以及混合泡沫，证明了其稳健性和通用性。在室温下混合多元醇和裂解剂的预测试验可靠地表明，在解聚之前就可以进行三相分离。对其他裂解剂的测试表明，烷醇胺与伯胺或仲胺，如2-氨基乙醇，也可以诱导三相分离。其他胺的潜力需要进一步研究，以优化和有效的宏观相分离。

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