Association between different diet quality scores and depression risk: the REGICOR population-based cohort study.

IF 4.1 2区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS European Journal of Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-24 DOI:10.1007/s00394-024-03466-z

Gabriela Lugon, Álvaro Hernáez, Felice N Jacka, Jaume Marrugat, Rafael Ramos, Josep Garre-Olmo, Roberto Elosua, Camille Lassale

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Abstract

Background: Our aim was to determine the association between diet quality and depression incidence in the population-based REGICOR cohort study, Catalonia, Spain.

Methods: Prospective observational study using participants' baseline (2003-2006), follow-up (2007-2013) and clinical records data. Five diet quality scores were derived from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline: the relative Mediterranean Diet Score (rMED), the Modified Mediterranean Diet Score (ModMDS), a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, a Healthful Plant-based Diet Index (HPDI) and the World Health Organization Healthy Diet Indicator (WHO-HDI). Participants using pharmacological antidepressant treatment were excluded as a proxy for presence of depression at baseline. At follow-up, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was applied to assess depressive symptoms (≥ 10 defining depressive disorder). A secondary outcome was depression diagnosis assessed through clinical records. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used.

Results: Main analysis included 3046 adults (50.3% women) with a mean age of 54.7 (SD = 11.6) years. After 6-years follow-up, 184 (6.04%) cases of depressive disorder were identified. There was 16% lower odds of depressive disorder per 1SD increase of rMED (OR = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.71-0.98). Secondary outcome analysis (n = 4789) identified 261 (5.45%) incident cases of clinical depression diagnosis over 12 years follow-up, and 19% lower risk of clinical depression was observed with the WHO-HDI (HR = 0.81; 95%CI = 0.70-0.93). Adjusting for BMI did not attenuate the findings.

Conclusions: A significant inverse association between diet quality and depression incidence was found in this population-based cohort study, independent of sociodemographic, health and lifestyle. Adherence to a healthy diet could be a complementary intervention for the prevention of depression.

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不同饮食质量评分与抑郁风险之间的关系：REGICOR 人口队列研究。

研究背景我们的目的是在西班牙加泰罗尼亚进行的基于人群的 REGICOR 队列研究中确定饮食质量与抑郁症发病率之间的关系：前瞻性观察研究使用参与者的基线（2003-2006 年）、随访（2007-2013 年）和临床记录数据。通过基线食物频率问卷（FFQ）得出五项饮食质量评分：相对地中海饮食评分（rMED）、改良地中海饮食评分（ModMDS）、饮食疗法防治高血压评分（DASH）、健康植物性饮食指数（HPDI）和世界卫生组织健康饮食指标（WHO-HDI）。使用药物抗抑郁治疗的参与者不包括在内，因为这代表他们在基线时患有抑郁症。随访时，采用患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）评估抑郁症状（≥10分为抑郁障碍）。次要结果是通过临床记录评估抑郁症诊断。采用逻辑回归和考克斯比例危险模型：主要分析对象包括 3046 名成年人（50.3% 为女性），平均年龄为 54.7（SD = 11.6）岁。随访 6 年后，发现 184 例（6.04%）抑郁症患者。rMED每增加1SD，抑郁障碍发生几率降低16%（OR = 0.84; 95%CI = 0.71-0.98）。次要结果分析（n = 4789）发现，在 12 年的随访中，有 261 例（5.45%）临床抑郁症诊断病例，采用 WHO-HDI 的临床抑郁症风险降低了 19%（HR = 0.81；95%CI = 0.70-0.93）。对体重指数进行调整后，研究结果并未减弱：结论：在这项基于人群的队列研究中发现，饮食质量与抑郁症发病率之间存在明显的反比关系，且不受社会人口学、健康和生活方式的影响。坚持健康饮食可作为预防抑郁症的辅助干预措施。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

10.20

自引率

2.00%

发文量

295

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Nutrition publishes original papers, reviews, and short communications in the nutritional sciences. The manuscripts submitted to the European Journal of Nutrition should have their major focus on the impact of nutrients and non-nutrients on immunology and inflammation, gene expression, metabolism, chronic diseases, or carcinogenesis, or a major focus on epidemiology, including intervention studies with healthy subjects and with patients, biofunctionality of food and food components, or the impact of diet on the environment.