Nanoscale exopolymer reassembly-trap mechanism determines contrasting PFOS exposure patterns in aquatic animals with different feeding habitats: A nano-visualization study.

Journal of hazardous materials Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Epub Date: 2024-08-13 DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135515
Shuyan Xu, Pengfeng Zhu, Caiqin Wang, Daoyong Zhang, Ming Zhang, Xiangliang Pan
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Abstract

The behavior and fate of PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonate) in the aquatic environment have received great attention due to its high toxicity and persistence. The nanoscale supramolecular mechanisms of interaction between PFOS and ubiquitous EPS (exopolymers) remain unclear though EPS have been widely-known to influence the bioavailability of PFOS. Typically, the exposure patterns of PFOS in aquatic animals changed with the EPS-PFOS interaction are not fully understood. This study hypothesized that PFOS exposure and accumulation pathways depended on the PFOS-EPS interactive assembly behavior and animal species. Two model animals, zebrafish and chironomid larvae, with different feeding habitats were chosen for the exposure and accumulation tests at the environmental concentrations of PFOS in the absence and presence of EPS. It was found that PFOS triggered the self-assembly of EPS to form large aggregates which significantly trapped PFOS. PFOS accumulation was significantly promoted in zebrafish but drastically reduced in chironomid larvae because of the nanoscale interactive assembly between EPS and PFOS. The decreased dermal uptake but increased oral uptake of PFOS by zebrafish with large mouthpart size could be ascribed to the increased ingestion of PFOS-enriched EPS aggregates as food. For the chironomid larvae with small mouthpart size, the PFOS-EPS assemblies reduced the dermal, oral and intestinal uptake of PFOS. The nano-visualization evidences confirmed that the PFOS-enriched EPS-PFOS assemblies blocked PFOS penetration through skin of both animals. These findings provide novel knowledge about the ecological risk of PFOS in aquatic environments.

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纳米级外聚合物重新组装-捕获机制决定了水生动物在不同觅食栖息地接触全氟辛烷磺酸的对比模式:纳米可视化研究。
全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)在水生环境中的行为和归宿因其高毒性和持久性而备受关注。尽管人们普遍知道 EPS 会影响全氟辛烷磺酸的生物利用率,但全氟辛烷磺酸与无处不在的 EPS(外聚合物)之间的纳米级超分子相互作用机制仍不清楚。通常情况下,水生动物的全氟辛烷磺酸暴露模式会随着 EPS 与全氟辛烷磺酸之间的相互作用而发生变化,但这种模式尚未完全明了。本研究假设,全氟辛烷磺酸的暴露和积累途径取决于全氟辛烷磺酸-EPS的交互装配行为和动物种类。本研究选择了斑马鱼和摇蚊幼虫这两种具有不同摄食习性的模式动物,在无 EPS 和有 EPS 的环境浓度下进行全氟辛烷磺酸暴露和蓄积试验。结果发现,全氟辛烷磺酸会引发 EPS 的自组装,形成大的聚集体,从而显著截留全氟辛烷磺酸。由于 EPS 与全氟辛烷磺酸之间的纳米级交互组装,全氟辛烷磺酸在斑马鱼体内的蓄积明显增加,但在摇蚊幼虫体内则大幅减少。口部较大的斑马鱼对全氟辛烷磺酸的皮肤摄取量减少,但口腔摄取量增加,这可能是由于斑马鱼将富含全氟辛烷磺酸的发泡聚苯乙烯聚集体作为食物摄取量增加所致。对于口部较小的摇蚊幼虫来说,PFOS-EPS 聚合物减少了其皮肤、口腔和肠道对全氟辛烷磺酸的吸收。纳米可视化证据证实,富含全氟辛烷磺酸的 EPS-PFOS 组合物阻止了全氟辛烷磺酸在两种动物皮肤中的渗透。这些发现为了解全氟辛烷磺酸在水生环境中的生态风险提供了新的知识。
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