{"title":"A fluorescent turn-on nanosensor for selective detection of L-morphine using D-cysteine-functionalized graphene quantum dots","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2024.115970","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here, L- and D-cysteine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (L-/D-cys-GQDs) were designed with the aim of obtaining a selective fluorescent nanosensor to detect L-morphine. Citric acid was pyrolyzed to synthesize the GQDs, which were then functionalized with chiral L- and D-cys species using a thiol-ene click reaction between sulfur group of cysteine species and C<img>C double bonds of GQDs. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS) provides elemental analysis data which approved the presence of sulfur and nitrogen elements of L- and D-cysteine species on the surface of GQDs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the particle size of the modified GQDs ranges from 2 to 4.2 nm. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy showed that upon functionalization of GQDs with L-/D-cys the fluorescence intensity decreases as a result of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. Interestingly, in the presence of L-morphine, the fluorescence intensity of D-cys-GQDs was selectively turned on as the FRET mechanism is ceased between the cysteine species and GQDs. Additional tests demonstrated that this nanosensor cannot interact with other drugs like methamphetamine or ibuprofen. As a result, it can serve as a cheap and precise nanosensor for identifying low quantities of L-morphine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1010603024005148/pdfft?md5=f66268bf1df5e112c94f4a379a9bced9&pid=1-s2.0-S1010603024005148-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1010603024005148","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Here, L- and D-cysteine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (L-/D-cys-GQDs) were designed with the aim of obtaining a selective fluorescent nanosensor to detect L-morphine. Citric acid was pyrolyzed to synthesize the GQDs, which were then functionalized with chiral L- and D-cys species using a thiol-ene click reaction between sulfur group of cysteine species and CC double bonds of GQDs. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS) provides elemental analysis data which approved the presence of sulfur and nitrogen elements of L- and D-cysteine species on the surface of GQDs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the particle size of the modified GQDs ranges from 2 to 4.2 nm. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy showed that upon functionalization of GQDs with L-/D-cys the fluorescence intensity decreases as a result of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. Interestingly, in the presence of L-morphine, the fluorescence intensity of D-cys-GQDs was selectively turned on as the FRET mechanism is ceased between the cysteine species and GQDs. Additional tests demonstrated that this nanosensor cannot interact with other drugs like methamphetamine or ibuprofen. As a result, it can serve as a cheap and precise nanosensor for identifying low quantities of L-morphine.
期刊介绍:
JPPA publishes the results of fundamental studies on all aspects of chemical phenomena induced by interactions between light and molecules/matter of all kinds.
All systems capable of being described at the molecular or integrated multimolecular level are appropriate for the journal. This includes all molecular chemical species as well as biomolecular, supramolecular, polymer and other macromolecular systems, as well as solid state photochemistry. In addition, the journal publishes studies of semiconductor and other photoactive organic and inorganic materials, photocatalysis (organic, inorganic, supramolecular and superconductor).
The scope includes condensed and gas phase photochemistry, as well as synchrotron radiation chemistry. A broad range of processes and techniques in photochemistry are covered such as light induced energy, electron and proton transfer; nonlinear photochemical behavior; mechanistic investigation of photochemical reactions and identification of the products of photochemical reactions; quantum yield determinations and measurements of rate constants for primary and secondary photochemical processes; steady-state and time-resolved emission, ultrafast spectroscopic methods, single molecule spectroscopy, time resolved X-ray diffraction, luminescence microscopy, and scattering spectroscopy applied to photochemistry. Papers in emerging and applied areas such as luminescent sensors, electroluminescence, solar energy conversion, atmospheric photochemistry, environmental remediation, and related photocatalytic chemistry are also welcome.