Hydrochemical characterization and evaluation of irrigation water quality using indexing approaches, multivariate analysis, and GIS techniques in K'sob Valley, Algeria

IF 2.2 4区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of African Earth Sciences Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2024.105385
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Abstract

Irrigation plays a vital role in addressing increasing need for food production and promoting economic advancement. To meet the demands for food supply and economic progress, it is essential to underscore the significance of assessing water quality in dry regions. The current study was carried out to evaluate and predict the suitability of water quality for agricultural use in the K'sob valley in the M'sila region (Northeast Algeria). A combination of irrigation water quality indices (IWQIs), Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis and multivariate statistical methods were used for this purpose. Several physicochemical parameters, such as temperature (T°), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity (Turb), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3, Cl, SO42−, NO3, NO2, NH4+, PO4 and SiO22+ were all measured from 40 samples collected at ten surface water locations during four seasons. The concentrations of the main cation and anion were shown as follows: Na+>Ca2+> K+ > Mg2+, and SO42− > HCO3 > Cl > NO3 indicating mixed Na-Cl-K or Na-SO4 water facies. Significant seasonal variation for each parameter (T, pH, Turbidity, Salinity, COD, NH4+, Cl, SO4, and NO2) was reported (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant spatial variation (p < 0.05) was observed among different stations for the parameters: TDS, EC, Ca2+, Na+, HCO3, SO4, NO3, and PO43− (p < 0.05). The irrigation water quality index (IWQI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), Kelly index (KI), and permeability index (PI) had values varying between 28.1 and 56.8, 5.65 and 12.45, 75 and 87, 2.61 and 6.54 and 83, and 97, respectively, and a significant seasonal effect was recorded. According to the Wilcox diagram, 70% of samples were unsuitable for irrigation, while 30% of samples were questionable. The IWQI map revealed that 50% of the samples fell within the very poor category for irrigation, while 20% and 30% of the samples were inside the poor and unsuitable categories, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of K'SobValley water revealed three different categories of water based on elemental composition and seasonal variations. The results obtained in this study can be valuable for surface water management. Furthermore, the developed methodology can serve as a useful tool for identifying critical hydrogeochemical components in arid and semi-arid environments related to surface water.

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利用索引方法、多元分析和地理信息系统技术对阿尔及利亚 K'sob 谷灌溉水质进行水化学特征描述和评估
灌溉在满足日益增长的粮食生产需求和促进经济发展方面发挥着至关重要的作用。为了满足粮食供应和经济发展的需求,必须强调评估干旱地区水质的重要性。本研究旨在评估和预测姆西拉地区(阿尔及利亚东北部)K'sob 谷地的水质是否适合农业使用。为此,综合使用了灌溉水质量指数(IWQIs)、地理信息系统(GIS)分析和多元统计方法。在四个季节从 10 个地表水地点采集的 40 份样本中测量了多个理化参数,如温度 (T°)、氢离子浓度 (pH)、电导率 (EC)、溶解性固体总量 (TDS)、浊度 (Turb)、化学需氧量 (COD)、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-、NO2-、NH4+、PO4- 和 SiO22+。主要阳离子和阴离子的浓度如下:Na+>Ca2+>K+>Mg2+和SO42->HCO3->Cl->NO3-表示Na-Cl-K或Na-SO4混合水层。各参数(T、pH、浊度、盐度、化学需氧量、NH4+、Cl-、SO4- 和 NO2-)均有显著的季节性变化(p <0.05)。此外,不同站点之间的参数也存在明显的空间差异(p < 0.05):TDS、EC、Ca2+、Na+、HCO3-、SO4-、NO3- 和 PO43-(p < 0.05)。灌溉水质量指数(IWQI)、钠吸附率(SAR)、钠百分比(Na%)、凯利指数(KI)和渗透指数(PI)的数值分别在 28.1 和 56.8、5.65 和 12.45、75 和 87、2.61 和 6.54 以及 83 和 97 之间变化,并记录到显著的季节效应。根据 Wilcox 图,70% 的样本不适合灌溉,30% 的样本有问题。IWQI 图显示,50% 的样本属于非常不适合灌溉的类别,而 20% 和 30% 的样本分别属于较差和不适合灌溉的类别。K'SobValley 水的主成分分析(PCA)和分层聚类分析(HCA)显示,根据元素组成和季节变化,水可分为三个不同的类别。本研究获得的结果对地表水管理很有价值。此外,所开发的方法可作为一种有用的工具,用于确定干旱和半干旱环境中与地表水有关的关键水文地质化学成分。
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来源期刊
Journal of African Earth Sciences
Journal of African Earth Sciences 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
4.30%
发文量
240
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of African Earth Sciences sees itself as the prime geological journal for all aspects of the Earth Sciences about the African plate. Papers dealing with peripheral areas are welcome if they demonstrate a tight link with Africa. The Journal publishes high quality, peer-reviewed scientific papers. It is devoted primarily to research papers but short communications relating to new developments of broad interest, reviews and book reviews will also be considered. Papers must have international appeal and should present work of more regional than local significance and dealing with well identified and justified scientific questions. Specialised technical papers, analytical or exploration reports must be avoided. Papers on applied geology should preferably be linked to such core disciplines and must be addressed to a more general geoscientific audience.
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