Systematic approach of polyploidy as an evolutionary genetic and genomic phenomenon in horticultural crops

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Plant Science Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI:10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112236

Abdul Basit , Ki-Byung Lim

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Abstract

Polyploidy is thought to be an evolutionary and systematic mechanism for gene flow and phenotypic advancement in flowering plants. It is a natural phenomenon that promotes diversity by creating new permutations enhancing the prime potentials as compared to progenitors. Two different pathways have been recognized in studying polyploidy in nature; mitotic or somatic chromosome doubling and cytogenetics variation. Secondly, the vital influence of being polyploid is its heritable property (unreduced reproductive cells) formed during first and second-division restitution (FDR & SDR). Different approaches either chemical (Colchicine, Oryzalin, Caffeine, Trifuralin, or phosphoric amides) or gaseous i.e. Nitrous oxide have been deliberated as strong polyploidy causing agents. A wide range of cytogenetic practices like chromosomes study, ploidy, genome analysis, and plant morphology and anatomy have been studied in different plant species. Flow cytometry for ploidy and chromosome analysis through fluorescence and genomic in situ hybridization (FISH & GISH) are the basic methods to evaluate heredity substances sampled from leaves and roots. Many horticultural crops have been developed successfully and released commercially for consumption. Moreover, some deep detailed studies are needed to check the strong relationship between unique morphological features and genetic makeup concerning genes and hormonal expression in a strong approach.

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将多倍体作为园艺作物进化遗传和基因组现象的系统方法。

多倍体被认为是开花植物基因流动和表型发展的一种进化和系统机制。多倍体是一种自然现象，它通过创造新的排列组合来促进多样性，与祖先相比，它能增强原始潜力。研究自然界中的多倍体有两种不同的途径：有丝分裂或体细胞染色体加倍和细胞遗传学变异。其次，多倍体的重要影响在于其在第一次和第二次分裂恢复（FDR 和 SDR）过程中形成的可遗传特性（未还原生殖细胞）。不同的方法，无论是化学方法（秋水仙碱、桔梗苷、咖啡因、三氟呋喃或磷酸酰胺）还是气体方法，如氧化亚氮，都被认为是导致多倍体的强效药剂。对不同植物物种进行了广泛的细胞遗传学研究，如染色体研究、倍性研究、基因组分析以及植物形态和解剖学研究。通过荧光和基因组原位杂交（FISH 和 GISH）进行染色体倍性和染色体分析的流式细胞仪是评估从叶片和根部取样的遗传物质的基本方法。许多园艺作物已成功开发并投入商业化生产。此外，还需要进行一些深入细致的研究，以检查独特的形态特征与基因和激素表达的遗传构成之间的密切关系。

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来源期刊

Plant Science 生物-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

9.10

自引率

1.90%

发文量

322

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Plant Science will publish in the minimum of time, research manuscripts as well as commissioned reviews and commentaries recommended by its referees in all areas of experimental plant biology with emphasis in the broad areas of genomics, proteomics, biochemistry (including enzymology), physiology, cell biology, development, genetics, functional plant breeding, systems biology and the interaction of plants with the environment. Manuscripts for full consideration should be written concisely and essentially as a final report. The main criterion for publication is that the manuscript must contain original and significant insights that lead to a better understanding of fundamental plant biology. Papers centering on plant cell culture should be of interest to a wide audience and methods employed result in a substantial improvement over existing established techniques and approaches. Methods papers are welcome only when the technique(s) described is novel or provides a major advancement of established protocols.