Plant Science最新文献

Functional analysis of (E)-β-farnesene synthases involved in accumulation of (E)-β-farnesene in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) 参与德国洋甘菊（Matricaria chamomilla L.）中(E)-β-法呢烯积累的(E)-β-法呢烯合成酶的功能分析。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112314

Yuling Tai , Haiyan Wu , Lu Yang , Yi Yuan, Youhui Chen, Honggang Wang, Yifan Jin, Luyao Yu, Shuangshuang Li, Feng Shi

German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a traditional medicinal aromatic plant, and the sesquiterpenoids in its flowers have important medicinal value. The (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) is one of the active sesquiterpenoid components and is also a major component of aphid alarm pheromones. In this study, two EβF synthase (βFS) genes (McβFS1 and McβFS2), were cloned from German chamomile. Subcellular localization analysis showed that both McβFS1 and McβFS2 were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that McβFS1 and McβFS2 were expressed in all flower stages, with the highest levels observed during the tubular flower extension stage. Prokaryotic expression and enzyme activity results showed that McβFS1 and McβFS2 possess catalytic activity. Overexpression of McβFS1 and McβFS2 in the hairy roots of German chamomile led to the accumulation of EβF, demonstrating enzyme activity in vivo. The promoters of McβFS1 and McβFS2 were cloned and analyzed. After treating German chamomile with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA), the transcription levels of McβFS1 and McβFS2 were found to be regulated by both hormones. In addition, feeding experiments showed that aphid infestation upregulated the expression levels of McβFS1 and McβFS2. Our study provides valuable insights into the biosynthesis of EβF, laying a foundation for further research into its metabolic pathways.

德国洋甘菊（Matricaria chamomilla L.）是一种传统的药用芳香植物，其花朵中的倍半萜类化合物具有重要的药用价值。(E)-β-法尼烯（EβF）是其活性倍半萜成分之一，也是蚜虫报警信息素的主要成分。本研究从德国洋甘菊中克隆了两个 EβF 合成酶（βFS）基因（McβFS1 和 McβFS2）。亚细胞定位分析表明，McβFS1 和 McβFS2 均定位在细胞质和细胞核中。组织特异性表达分析表明，McβFS1和McβFS2在所有花期都有表达，其中管状花伸展期的表达量最高。原核表达和酶活性结果表明，McβFS1 和 McβFS2 具有催化活性。在德国甘菊毛根中过表达 McβFS1 和 McβFS2 会导致 EβF 的积累，这证明了酶在体内的活性。克隆并分析了 McβFS1 和 McβFS2 的启动子。用茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）和水杨酸甲酯（MeSA）处理德国甘菊后，发现McβFS1和McβFS2的转录水平受这两种激素的调控。此外，喂食实验表明，蚜虫侵染会上调McβFS1和McβFS2的表达水平。我们的研究为 EβF 的生物合成提供了有价值的见解，为进一步研究其代谢途径奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Mutation of rice SM1 enhances solid leaf midrib formation and increases methane emissions 水稻 SM1 基因突变会促进固体叶中肋的形成并增加甲烷排放。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112312

Hongrui Jiang , Weimin Cheng , Chunpeng Chen , Cheng Fang , Yue Zhan , Liangzhi Tao , Yang Yang , Xianzhong Huang , Kun Wu , Xiangdong Fu , Yuejin Wu , Binmei Liu , Yafeng Ye

The leaf midrib system is essential for plant growth and development, facilitating nutrient transport, providing structural support, enabling gas exchange, and enhancing resilience to environmental stresses. However, the molecular mechanism regulating leaf midrib development is still unclear.In this study, we reported a rice solid midrib 1 (sm1) mutant, exhibiting solid leaf aerenchyma and abaxial rolling leaves due to abnormal development of parenchyma and bulliform cells. Map-based cloning revealed that SM1 encodes a litter zipper protein (ZPR). SM1 was mainly expressed in the sheaths and basal midrib and was associated with the nucleus. Further experiments indicated that SM1 can interact with OSHB1, preventing the formation of OSHB:OSHB dimers and subsequently repressing the expression of OSH1 involved in the regulation and maintenance of apical stem meristem formation. The sm1 mutant reduced long-distance oxygen transport ability from shoot to root. The impaired oxygen transport in the sm1 mutant may have contributed to the increase in methanogens and elevated methane emissions. Collectively, our findings revealed that the SM1-OSHB1-OSH1 modules regulate leaf aerenchyma development in rice. These modules not only enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism of rice leaf aerenchyma development but also offer insights for reducing methane emissions through genetic modification.

叶中肋系统对植物的生长和发育至关重要，它能促进养分运输、提供结构支撑、实现气体交换并增强对环境胁迫的适应能力。在这项研究中，我们报道了一种水稻实心中脉 1（sm1）突变体，由于实质细胞和牛皮状细胞发育异常，该突变体表现出实心叶气孔和背面卷叶。基于图谱的克隆发现，SM1编码一种胎座拉链蛋白（ZPR）。SM1 主要在叶鞘和基部中脉中表达，并与细胞核相关。进一步的实验表明，SM1能与OSHB1相互作用，阻止OSHB:OSHB二聚体的形成，进而抑制参与调节和维持顶端茎分生组织形成的OSH1的表达。sm1 突变体降低了从芽到根的长距离氧运输能力。sm1突变体氧气运输能力的减弱可能是导致甲烷菌增加和甲烷排放增加的原因之一。总之，我们的研究结果表明，SM1-OSHB1-OSH1 模块调控着水稻叶片气孔的发育。这些模块不仅加深了我们对水稻叶气孔发育分子机制的理解，而且为通过基因改造减少甲烷排放提供了启示。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of the fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) family genes in maize and analysis of the phosphorylation regulation of ZmFBA8. 鉴定玉米中的 1,6-二磷酸果糖醛缩酶（FBA）家族基因并分析 ZmFBA8 的磷酸化调控。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112311

Zijuan Zhang, Xiaoman Li, Yiying Zhang, Jiajia Zhou, Yanmei Chen, Yuan Li, Dongtao Ren

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is a class of aldolase that functions as enzyme participating in carbohydrate metabolism of the Calvin-Benson cycle, gluconeogenesis, and glycolysis, and also as non-enzymatic protein involving in protein binding, gene transcription, signal transduction. FBAs have been identified in a few plant species, however, limited information is known regarding FBA family genes, their biological functions and posttranslational regulations in maize (Zea mays). In this study, nine class I FBAs (ZmFBA1 to ZmFBA9) and one class II FBA (ZmFBA10) in maize were identified. Phosphoproteomic analysis further revealed that multiple ZmFBAs were phosphorylated. We showed that phosphorylation at Ser32 in ZmFBA8 inhibited its FBP binding and enzyme activity. Loss of ZmFBA8 function reduced the growth of maize seedlings. Our results suggest that the phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism of ZmFBA8 function.

果糖-1,6-二磷酸醛缩酶（FBA）是一类醛缩酶，它既是参与卡尔文-本森循环、葡萄糖生成和糖酵解等碳水化合物代谢的酶，也是参与蛋白质结合、基因转录和信号转导的非酶蛋白。在一些植物物种中已经发现了 FBAs，但有关玉米（Zea mays）中 FBA 家族基因、其生物学功能和翻译后调控的信息还很有限。本研究鉴定了玉米中的九个 I 类 FBA（ZmFBA1 至 ZmFBA9）和一个 II 类 FBA（ZmFBA10）。磷酸化蛋白质组分析进一步揭示了多个 ZmFBAs 被磷酸化。我们发现，ZmFBA8 中 Ser32 处的磷酸化抑制了其 FBP 结合和酶活性。ZmFBA8 功能缺失会降低玉米幼苗的生长。我们的研究结果表明，磷酸化是 ZmFBA8 功能的一个重要调控机制。

引用次数: 0

Transcription factor PagERF110 inhibits leaf development by direct regulating PagHB16 in poplar 转录因子 PagERF110 通过直接调控 PagHB16 抑制杨树的叶片发育

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112309

Zihan Cheng , Yuandong Zhu , Xinyu He , Gaofeng Fan , Jiahui Jiang , Tingbo Jiang , Xuemei Zhang

Ethylene-responsive factor (ERF) family genes are crucial for plant growth and development. This study analyzed the functional role of the PagERF110 gene in leaf development of Populus alba×P. glandulosa. PagERF110 contains the AP2 conserved domain and exhibits transcriptional activation activity at its C-terminus. Overexpression of PagERF110 in transgenic poplar trees resulted in reduced leaf size, leaf area, and vein xylem thickness. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments confirmed that PagERF110 interacts with PagACD32.1. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that PagERF110 regulates the expression of key genes involved in leaf development. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays, GUS staining, and ChIP experiments collectively confirmed that PagERF110 targets the expression of PagHB16. In summation, our findings demonstrate that PagERF110 functions as a negative regulator in poplar leaf development.

乙烯反应因子（ERF）家族基因对植物的生长和发育至关重要。本研究分析了 PagERF110 基因在白杨×腺叶植物叶片发育过程中的功能作用。PagERF110 包含 AP2 保守结构域，其 C 端具有转录激活活性。在转基因杨树中过表达 PagERF110 会导致叶片大小、叶面积和叶脉木质部厚度减小。酵母双杂交（Y2H）和双分子荧光互补（BiFC）实验证实 PagERF110 与 PagACD32.1 相互作用。转录组测序显示，PagERF110调控着参与叶片发育的关键基因的表达。此外，酵母单杂交（Y1H）实验、GUS 染色和 ChIP 实验共同证实，PagERF110 以 PagHB16 的表达为靶标。总之，我们的研究结果证明了 PagERF110 在杨树叶片发育过程中的负调控功能。

引用次数: 0

Functional analysis of the extraplastidial TRX system in germination and early stages of development of Arabidopsis thaliana 拟南芥胚芽萌发和早期发育阶段质外体 TRX 系统的功能分析

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112310

Carolina Pereira Nascimento , Paula da Fonseca-Pereira , Marcelle Ferreira-Silva , Laise Rosado-Souza , Nicole Linka , Alisdair R. Fernie , Wagner L. Araújo , Adriano Nunes-Nesi

A series of processes occur during seed formation, including remarkable metabolic changes that extend from early seed development to seedling establishment. The changes associated with processes initiated mainly after seed imbibition are usually characterized by extensive modification in the redox state of seed storage proteins and of pivotal enzymes for reserve mobilization and usage. Such changes in the redox state are often mediated by thioredoxins (TRXs), oxidoreductase capable of catalyzing the reduction of disulfide bonds in target proteins to regulate its structure and function. Here, we analyzed the previously characterized Arabidopsis mutants of NADPH-dependent TRX reductase types A and B (ntra ntrb), two independent mutant lines of mitochondrial thioredoxin o1 (trxo1) and two thioredoxin h2 (trxh2) mutant lines. Our results indicate that plants deficient in the NADPH dependent thioredoxin system are able to mobilize their reserves, but, at least partly, fail to use these reserves during germination. TRX mutants also show decreased activity of regulatory systems required to maintain redox homeostasis. Moreover, we observed reduced respiration in mutant seeds and seedlings, which in parallel with an impaired energy metabolism affects core biological processes responsible for germination and early development of TRX mutants. Together, these findings suggest that the lack of TRX system induces significant change in the respiration of seeds and seedlings, which undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to the new redox state.

种子形成过程中会发生一系列过程，包括从种子早期发育到成苗的显著代谢变化。与主要在种子浸种后开始的过程有关的变化通常表现为种子贮藏蛋白以及储备动员和使用的关键酶的氧化还原状态发生了广泛变化。这种氧化还原状态的变化通常是由硫氧还蛋白（TRXs）介导的，硫氧还蛋白是一种氧化还原酶，能够催化目标蛋白质中二硫键的还原，从而调节其结构和功能。在这里，我们分析了之前表征的拟南芥 NADPH 依赖性 TRX 还原酶 A 型和 B 型突变体（ntra ntrb）、线粒体硫氧还蛋白 o1（trxo1）的两个独立突变品系以及硫氧还蛋白 h2（trxh2）的两个突变品系。我们的研究结果表明，缺乏依赖于 NADPH 的硫氧还蛋白系统的植物能够调动其储备，但至少部分植物在萌芽期间无法利用这些储备。TRX 突变体还显示出维持氧化还原平衡所需的调节系统活性降低。此外，我们还观察到突变体种子和幼苗的呼吸作用降低，这与能量代谢受损同时影响了 TRX 突变体萌发和早期发育的核心生物过程。这些发现共同表明，缺乏 TRX 系统会导致种子和幼苗的呼吸发生显著变化，它们会进行代谢重编程以适应新的氧化还原状态。

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引用次数: 0

Pgmiox mediates stress response and plays a critical role for pathogenicity in Pyrenophora graminea，the agent of barley leaf stripe. Pgmiox 能介导应激反应，并对大麦叶斑病病原体禾谷轮枝霉的致病性起关键作用。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112308

Ming Guo, Erjing Si, Jingjing Hou, Lirong Yao, Juncheng Wang, Yaxiong Meng, Xiaole Ma, Baochun Li, Huajun Wang

Barley leaf stripe is an important disease caused by Pyenophora graminea that affects barley yields in the world. Ascorbic acid (AsA) interacts with key elements of a complex network orchestrating plant defense mechanisms, thereby influencing the outcome of plant-pathogen interaction. Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) is a pivotal enzyme involved in plants development and environmental stimuli. However, MIOX has described functions in plants but has not been characterized in fungi. In this study, we characterized the Pgmiox gene in P. graminea pathogenesis through annotated on the metabolic pathway of ascorbic acid aldehyde. Our analysis suggested that the Pgmiox protein had a typical conserved MIOX domain. Multiple alignment analysis indicated that the P. graminea MIOX orthologue clustered with MIOX proteins of Pyrenophora species. RNA interference successfully reduced transcript abundance of Pgmiox in six transformant lines compared to wild type, and the transformants were further less virulent on the host plant barley. Transformants of Pgmiox had significant reductions in vegetative growth and pathogenicity, which had increased resistance to tebuconazole and carbendazim. In addition, Pgmiox is associated with ionic, drought, osmotic, oxidative, and heavy metal stress tolerance in P. graminea. In conclusion, our findings reveal that Pgmiox may be widely utilized by fungi to enhance pathogenesis and holds significant potential for the development of durable P. graminea resistance through genetic modifications.

大麦叶斑病是由禾本科扁孢菌（Pyenophora graminea）引起的一种影响全球大麦产量的重要病害。抗坏血酸（AsA）与协调植物防御机制的复杂网络中的关键元素相互作用，从而影响植物与病原体相互作用的结果。肌醇加氧酶（MIOX）是参与植物发育和环境刺激的关键酶。然而，MIOX 在植物中的功能已被描述，但在真菌中的功能还没有表征。在本研究中，我们通过对抗坏血酸醛代谢途径的注释，确定了 Pgmiox 基因在革兰氏菌致病过程中的特性。我们的分析表明，Pgmiox 蛋白具有典型的保守 MIOX 结构域。多重比对分析表明，革兰氏菌的 MIOX 直向同源物与拟杆菌的 MIOX 蛋白聚集在一起。与野生型相比，RNA 干扰成功地降低了六个转化株系中 Pgmiox 的转录本丰度，转化株系对宿主植物大麦的毒性进一步降低。Pgmiox 转化株的无性生长和致病性显著降低，对戊唑醇和多菌灵的抗性增强。此外，Pgmiox 还与禾谷类真菌的离子、干旱、渗透、氧化和重金属胁迫耐受性有关。总之，我们的研究结果表明，真菌可能广泛利用 Pgmiox 来增强致病机理，并具有通过基因修饰开发禾谷类真菌持久抗性的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Functional characterization of chlorophyll b reductase NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 in Medicago truncatula 绿藻叶绿素 b 还原酶 NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 的功能特征。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112307

Min Wang , Limei Hong , Weizhen Zhang , Yiteng Xu , Feng Yuan , Chuanen Zhou , Chunyan Hou , Lu Han

Chlorophyll degradation is a characteristic process of leaf senescence. Two mutant lines, which showed green leaves and seeds during senescence, were identified by screening a Tnt-1 retrotransposon-tagged population of Medicago truncatula. Genetic and molecular analyses indicated that the mutated gene is NON-YELLOW COLORING 1 (MtNYC1) in M. truncatula. MtNYC1 encoded a chlorophyll b reductase, characterized by three transmembrane domains and a catalytic site (Y***K). Our investigation further identified three splicing variants of MtNYC1, encoding a full-length protein (MtNYC1A) and two truncated proteins (MtNYC1B, MtNYC1C). Genetic evidence indicated that the catalytic site and the third transmembrane domain were critical domains for chlorophyll b reductase. The coordinated action of three splicing variants plays a pivotal role in the degradation of chlorophyll during the senescence of leaves. This discovery provides precise target sites for the development of stay-green legume cultivars.

叶绿素降解是叶片衰老的一个特征过程。通过筛选Tnt-1逆转录质子标记的Medicago truncatula群体，发现了两个在衰老期叶片和种子呈绿色的突变株系。遗传和分子分析表明，突变基因是Medicago truncatula中的NON-YELLOW COLORING 1（MtNYC1）。MtNYC1编码叶绿素b还原酶，具有三个跨膜结构域和一个催化位点（Y***K）。我们的研究进一步发现了 MtNYC1 的三种剪接变体，分别编码一个全长蛋白（MtNYC1A）和两个截短蛋白（MtNYC1B、MtNYC1C）。遗传学证据表明，催化位点和第三个跨膜结构域是叶绿素 b 还原酶的关键结构域。三种剪接变体的协调作用在叶片衰老过程中的叶绿素降解过程中发挥了关键作用。这一发现为开发留绿豆科植物品种提供了精确的目标位点。

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引用次数: 0

Advances of the mechanism for copper tolerance in plants 植物耐铜机制的进展。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112299

Yamei Wang, Xueke Chen, Jingguang Chen

Copper (Cu) is a vital trace element necessary for plants growth and development. It acts as a co-factor for enzymes and plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including photosynthesis, respiration, antioxidant systems, and hormone signaling transduction. However, excessive amounts of Cu can disrupt normal physiological metabolism, thus hindering plant growth, development, and reducing yield. In recent years, the widespread abuse of Cu-containing fungicides and industrial Cu pollution has resulted in significant soil contamination. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to uncover the adverse effects of excessive Cu on plant growth and delve into the molecular mechanisms employed by plants to counteract the stress caused by excessive Cu. Recent studies have confirmed the inhibitory effects of excess Cu on mineral nutrition, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activity. This review systematically outlines the ways in which plants tolerate excessive Cu stress and summarizes them into eight Cu-tolerance strategies. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity for further research to comprehend the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the responses to excessive Cu stress.

铜（Cu）是植物生长和发育所必需的重要微量元素。它是酶的辅助因子，在光合作用、呼吸作用、抗氧化系统和激素信号转导等各种生理过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而，过量的铜会破坏正常的生理代谢，从而阻碍植物的生长发育并降低产量。近年来，含铜杀菌剂的广泛滥用和工业铜污染已造成严重的土壤污染。因此，揭示过量铜对植物生长的不利影响，并深入研究植物抵御过量铜造成的胁迫的分子机制至关重要。最近的研究证实，过量的铜对矿物质营养、叶绿素生物合成和抗氧化酶活性有抑制作用。本综述系统地概述了植物耐受过量铜胁迫的方式，并将其归纳为八种耐铜策略。此外，它还强调了进一步研究的必要性，以了解对过量铜胁迫反应的分子调控机制。

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引用次数: 0

Building the physiological barrier: Suberin plasticity in response to environmental stimuli 建立生理屏障：果胶在环境刺激下的可塑性

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112300

Yan Ao , Qi Wu , Jiqing Zheng , Chi Zhang , Yu Zhao , Rugen Xu , Kaili Xue , Changbo Dai , Miaoyan Yang

In response to environmental changes, plant roots undergo two major differentiations: the formation of the Casparian strip and the suberin lamella, both of them are widely recognized as an apoplastic diffusion barrier for nutrient and water exchange between the soil and the root vascular bundle. Suberin is a complex biopolyester composed of glycerol esters and phenolic compounds deposited in the cell walls of specific tissues such as endodermis, exodermis, periderm, seed coat and other marginal tissues. Recently, significant progress has been made due to the development of biochemical and genetic techniques. In this review, we not only summarize the aspect of suberin biosynthesis, transport and polymerization, but also elucidate the molecular mechanisms regarding its regulatory network, as well as its adaptive role in abiotic or biotic stress. This will provide important theoretical references for improving crop growth by modifying their adaptive root suberin structure when exposed to environmental changes.

植物根系在应对环境变化时会发生两大分化：形成卡斯帕条带和形成单宁层，这两种分化都被公认为是土壤与根系维管束之间进行养分和水分交换的凋落扩散屏障。单宁是一种复杂的生物聚酯，由甘油酯和酚类化合物组成，沉积在特定组织的细胞壁上，如内皮、外皮、表皮、种皮和其他边缘组织。最近，由于生化和遗传技术的发展，研究取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们不仅总结了单宁的生物合成、运输和聚合，还阐明了其调控网络的分子机制，以及在非生物或生物胁迫下的适应作用。这将为通过改变作物根部在环境变化中的适应性单宁结构来改善作物生长提供重要的理论参考。

引用次数: 0

Carotenoids: resources, knowledge, and emerging tools to advance apocarotenoid research 类胡萝卜素：推动类胡萝卜素研究的资源、知识和新兴工具。

IF 4.2 2区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plant Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112298

Jesús Beltrán , Eleanore T. Wurtzel

Carotenoids are a large class of isoprenoid compounds which are biosynthesized by plants, algae, along with certain fungi, bacteria and insects. In plants, carotenoids provide crucial functions in photosynthesis and photoprotection. Furthermore, carotenoids also serve as precursors to apocarotenoids, which are derived through enzymatic and non-enzymatic cleavage reactions. Apocarotenoids encompass a diverse set of compounds, including hormones, growth regulators, and signaling molecules which play vital roles in pathways associated with plant development, stress responses, and plant-organismic interactions. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis indirectly influences the formation of apocarotenoids and bioactive effects on target pathways. Recent discovery of a plethora of new bioactive apocarotenoids across kingdoms has increased interest in expanding knowledge of the breadth of apocarotenoid function and regulation. In this review, we provide insights into the regulation of carotenogenesis, specifically linked to the biosynthesis of apocarotenoid precursors. We highlight plant studies, including useful heterologous platforms and synthetic biology tools, which hold great value in expanding discoveries, knowledge and application of bioactive apocarotenoids for crop improvement and human health. Moreover, we discuss how this field has recently flourished with the discovery of diverse functions of apocarotenoids, thereby prompting us to propose new directions for future research.

类胡萝卜素是一大类异戊烯化合物，由植物、藻类以及某些真菌、细菌和昆虫生物合成。在植物中，类胡萝卜素在光合作用和光保护中起着至关重要的作用。此外，类胡萝卜素还是类胡萝卜素的前体，类胡萝卜素是通过酶和非酶裂解反应生成的。类胡萝卜素包含多种化合物，包括激素、生长调节剂和信号分子，它们在与植物发育、胁迫反应和植物-有机体相互作用相关的途径中发挥着重要作用。类胡萝卜素生物合成的调节间接影响了类胡萝卜素的形成以及对目标途径的生物活性作用。最近发现的大量具有生物活性的新类胡萝卜素增加了人们对扩大类胡萝卜素功能和调控知识的兴趣。在本综述中，我们将深入探讨类胡萝卜素生成的调控，特别是与类胡萝卜素前体的生物合成有关的调控。我们重点介绍了植物研究，包括有用的异源平台和合成生物学工具，它们在扩大生物活性类胡萝卜素的发现、知识和应用以改善作物和人类健康方面具有重要价值。此外，我们还讨论了随着类胡萝卜素多种功能的发现，这一领域最近是如何蓬勃发展的，从而促使我们提出未来研究的新方向。

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引用次数: 0