Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112318
Yolanda Pérez-Pérez, Eduardo Berenguer, Elena Carneros, Pilar S Testillano
In vivo, microspores in the anthers follow the gametophytic development pathway, culminating in the formation of pollen grains. Conversely, in vitro, under stress treatments, microspores can be reprogrammed into totipotent cells, initiating an embryogenic pathway that produces haploid and double-haploid embryos, which are important biotechnological tools in plant breeding. There is growing evidence that epigenetic reprogramming occurs during microspore embryogenesis through DNA methylation, but less is known about the role of histone modifications. This study investigates the dynamics of histone acetylation during the two microspore developmental pathways, microspore embryogenesis and pollen development, in Brassica napus. We analyzed histone H3 and H4 acetylation levels, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and expression of HAC5 acetyltransferase using immunofluorescence, enzymatic activity assays, ELISA-like tests, and qPCR. Results showed a decrease in global histone acetylation levels during pollen maturation, correlated with reduced HAT activity and downregulation of the BnHAC5-like gene. In contrast, stress-induced microspore reprogramming led to increased histone acetylation levels, enhanced HAT activity, and upregulation of BnHAC5-like. Treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor widely used in animal research but barely applied to plants, enhanced microspore embryogenesis initiation and proembryo formation, while increased histone acetylation levels. SAHA-treated proembryos showed higher expression than control of key embryogenesis transcription factors BnFUS3, BnAGL15, and BnLEC2, suggesting that histone hyperacetylation facilitates transcriptional activation of essential genes for somatic embryogenesis initiation. These findings provided new insights into the epigenetic regulation of this process and revealed new opportunities with histone epigenetic regulator inhibitors, to improve microspore embryogenesis induction for crop improvement.
在体内,花药中的小孢子遵循配子体发育途径,最终形成花粉粒。相反,在体外,在胁迫处理下,小孢子可以重编程为全能细胞,启动胚胎发生途径,产生单倍体和双倍体胚胎,这是植物育种的重要生物技术手段。越来越多的证据表明,在小孢子胚胎发生过程中,会通过 DNA 甲基化发生表观遗传学重编程,但对组蛋白修饰的作用却知之甚少。本研究调查了甘蓝型油菜在小孢子胚胎发生和花粉发育这两个小孢子发育过程中组蛋白乙酰化的动态变化。我们利用免疫荧光、酶活性测定、类酶联免疫吸附试验和 qPCR 分析了组蛋白 H3 和 H4 乙酰化水平、组蛋白乙酰转移酶(HAT)活性和 HAC5 乙酰转移酶的表达。结果表明,在花粉成熟过程中,全局组蛋白乙酰化水平下降,这与 HAT 活性降低和 BnHAC5 样基因下调有关。相反,胁迫诱导的小孢子重编程导致组蛋白乙酰化水平升高、HAT活性增强和BnHAC5-like基因上调。亚伯酰苯胺羟肟酸(SAHA)是一种组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂,广泛用于动物研究,但很少用于植物。经 SAHA 处理的原胚胎显示出比对照组更高的胚胎发生关键转录因子 BnFUS3、BnAGL15 和 BnLEC2 的表达量,这表明组蛋白超乙酰化促进了体细胞胚胎发生启动所必需基因的转录激活。这些发现为这一过程的表观遗传调控提供了新的见解,并揭示了组蛋白表观遗传调控抑制剂的新机遇,从而改善小孢子胚胎发生诱导,促进作物改良。
{"title":"Increase of histone acetylation by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid enhances microspore reprogramming and expression of somatic embryogenesis transcription factors in Brassica napus.","authors":"Yolanda Pérez-Pérez, Eduardo Berenguer, Elena Carneros, Pilar S Testillano","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In vivo, microspores in the anthers follow the gametophytic development pathway, culminating in the formation of pollen grains. Conversely, in vitro, under stress treatments, microspores can be reprogrammed into totipotent cells, initiating an embryogenic pathway that produces haploid and double-haploid embryos, which are important biotechnological tools in plant breeding. There is growing evidence that epigenetic reprogramming occurs during microspore embryogenesis through DNA methylation, but less is known about the role of histone modifications. This study investigates the dynamics of histone acetylation during the two microspore developmental pathways, microspore embryogenesis and pollen development, in Brassica napus. We analyzed histone H3 and H4 acetylation levels, histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and expression of HAC5 acetyltransferase using immunofluorescence, enzymatic activity assays, ELISA-like tests, and qPCR. Results showed a decrease in global histone acetylation levels during pollen maturation, correlated with reduced HAT activity and downregulation of the BnHAC5-like gene. In contrast, stress-induced microspore reprogramming led to increased histone acetylation levels, enhanced HAT activity, and upregulation of BnHAC5-like. Treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor widely used in animal research but barely applied to plants, enhanced microspore embryogenesis initiation and proembryo formation, while increased histone acetylation levels. SAHA-treated proembryos showed higher expression than control of key embryogenesis transcription factors BnFUS3, BnAGL15, and BnLEC2, suggesting that histone hyperacetylation facilitates transcriptional activation of essential genes for somatic embryogenesis initiation. These findings provided new insights into the epigenetic regulation of this process and revealed new opportunities with histone epigenetic regulator inhibitors, to improve microspore embryogenesis induction for crop improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":"112318"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana is significant as a precious and endemic plant in Taiwan. The trunk, renowned for its excellent texture and color, is ideal for construction materials and furniture. Moreover, the entire plant is rich in aroma, which can be made into essential oils, fragrances, and a series of related products. Volatile terpenoids are the major compounds in the composition of essential oils, many of which can only be found in C. obtusa var. formosana. In this study, we successfully identified 12 volatile terpene synthases from C. obtusa var. formosana. Most of the selected TPSs displayed the ability to catalyze precursors into cyclic terpenoids, except for CovfTPS8, which also exhibited the capability to react with FPP and GPP. CovfTPS10 is particularly noteworthy for its multi-product characteristics and the ability to synthesize acoradiene. Moreover, it produces a novel compound, cis-isoduacene. Through the investigation of these volatile-terpenoid synthases, we can gain a better understanding of the cyclization process for terpenoids.
Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana 是台湾特有的珍贵植物。其树干以质地和色泽优良而闻名,是建筑材料和家具的理想材料。此外,整株植物富含香气,可制成精油、香料和一系列相关产品。挥发性萜类化合物是精油成分中的主要化合物,其中许多只有在 C. obtusa var.在这项研究中,我们成功地从 C. obtusa var.除 CovfTPS8 外,大多数被选中的 TPSs 都具有将前体催化成环状萜类化合物的能力,CovfTPS8 还具有与 FPP 和 GPP 反应的能力。CovfTPS10 尤其值得注意的是它的多产品特性和合成炔丙二烯的能力。此外,它还能生成一种新型化合物--顺式异十二碳烯。通过对这些挥发性萜类化合物合成酶的研究,我们可以更好地了解萜类化合物的环化过程。
{"title":"Cloning and Functional Characterization of Volatile-terpene Synthase Genes from Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana.","authors":"Ting-Wei Chen, Nai-Wen Tsao, Sheng-Yang Wang, Fang-Hua Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana is significant as a precious and endemic plant in Taiwan. The trunk, renowned for its excellent texture and color, is ideal for construction materials and furniture. Moreover, the entire plant is rich in aroma, which can be made into essential oils, fragrances, and a series of related products. Volatile terpenoids are the major compounds in the composition of essential oils, many of which can only be found in C. obtusa var. formosana. In this study, we successfully identified 12 volatile terpene synthases from C. obtusa var. formosana. Most of the selected TPSs displayed the ability to catalyze precursors into cyclic terpenoids, except for CovfTPS8, which also exhibited the capability to react with FPP and GPP. CovfTPS10 is particularly noteworthy for its multi-product characteristics and the ability to synthesize acoradiene. Moreover, it produces a novel compound, cis-isoduacene. Through the investigation of these volatile-terpenoid synthases, we can gain a better understanding of the cyclization process for terpenoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":"112322"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pollen formation and development during the life cycle of flowering plant are crucial for maintaining reproductive and genetic diversity. In this study, an R2R3MYB family transcription factor, SlTDF1 (SlMYB35), was predominantly expressed in stamens. Repressed expression of SlTDF1 results in a delay in the degradation of the anther tapetum in tomatoes, which in turn leads to the formation of abnormal pollen, including a reduction in the number of single-fruit seeds and fertility when compared to wild-type plants. Analysis of paraffin sections demonstrated that SlTDF1 is a crucial factor in the maturation of tomato pollen. Further analysis of the transcriptomic data revealed that downregulation of the SlTDF1 gene significantly suppressed the expression of genes related to sugar metabolism and anther development. The findings of this study indicated that SlTDF1 plays a pivotal role in regulating tomato pollen development. Moreover, these findings provide a genetic resource for male sterility in tomato plants.
{"title":"SlTDF1: A Key Regulator of Tapetum Degradation and Pollen Development in Tomato.","authors":"Zhengliang Sun, Baohui Cheng, Yanhong Zhang, Liangzhe Meng, Yuhe Yao, Yan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pollen formation and development during the life cycle of flowering plant are crucial for maintaining reproductive and genetic diversity. In this study, an R2R3MYB family transcription factor, SlTDF1 (SlMYB35), was predominantly expressed in stamens. Repressed expression of SlTDF1 results in a delay in the degradation of the anther tapetum in tomatoes, which in turn leads to the formation of abnormal pollen, including a reduction in the number of single-fruit seeds and fertility when compared to wild-type plants. Analysis of paraffin sections demonstrated that SlTDF1 is a crucial factor in the maturation of tomato pollen. Further analysis of the transcriptomic data revealed that downregulation of the SlTDF1 gene significantly suppressed the expression of genes related to sugar metabolism and anther development. The findings of this study indicated that SlTDF1 plays a pivotal role in regulating tomato pollen development. Moreover, these findings provide a genetic resource for male sterility in tomato plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":"112321"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112320
Cuihua Xin , Junjie Wang , Junling Chi , Yang Xu , Ruiping Liang , Lei Jian , Liangming Wang , Jiangbo Guo
The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC) is a fundamental metabolic process governing matter and energy in plant cells, playing an indispensable role. However, its involvement in responding to low temperature stress in potato remains poorly understood. Previous studies have identified succinyl-CoA ligase (SUCL), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of TCAC substrates, as a gene associated with lower temperatures. Nevertheless, its function in potato's response to lower temperatures remains unclear. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that Solanum tuberosum possesses α and β subunits of SUCL, which cluster with those of Solanum lycopersicum, Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana. Further investigation has shown that StSUCLα1 is predominantly located within mitochondria. Low temperatures induce methylation modification alterations at 11 intragenic cytosine sites and lead to changes in StSUCLα1 expression levels. Correlation analysis suggests that alterations in intragenic cytosine methylation sites of SUCLα1 may be associated with MET1. Knocking down NbSUCLα1, the homologous gene of StSUCLα1 in N. benthamiana, results in increased susceptibility to low temperature stress in plants. In summary, we have confirmed that SUCLα1 is a key gene modulated by intragenic cytosine methylation in response to lower temperatures, providing a novel target for genetic breeding aimed at enhancing potato tolerance to low temperature stress.
{"title":"Intragenic cytosine methylation modification regulates the response of SUCLα1 to lower temperature in Solanaceae","authors":"Cuihua Xin , Junjie Wang , Junling Chi , Yang Xu , Ruiping Liang , Lei Jian , Liangming Wang , Jiangbo Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC) is a fundamental metabolic process governing matter and energy in plant cells, playing an indispensable role. However, its involvement in responding to low temperature stress in potato remains poorly understood. Previous studies have identified succinyl-CoA ligase (SUCL), which catalyzes the phosphorylation of TCAC substrates, as a gene associated with lower temperatures. Nevertheless, its function in potato's response to lower temperatures remains unclear. Phylogenetic analysis has revealed that <em>Solanum tuberosum</em> possesses α and β subunits of SUCL, which cluster with those of <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>, <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> and <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>. Further investigation has shown that StSUCLα1 is predominantly located within mitochondria. Low temperatures induce methylation modification alterations at 11 intragenic cytosine sites and lead to changes in <em>StSUCLα1</em> expression levels. Correlation analysis suggests that alterations in intragenic cytosine methylation sites of <em>SUCLα1</em> may be associated with MET1. Knocking down <em>NbSUCLα1</em>, the homologous gene of <em>StSUCLα1</em> in <em>N. benthamiana</em>, results in increased susceptibility to low temperature stress in plants. In summary, we have confirmed that <em>SUCLα1</em> is a key gene modulated by intragenic cytosine methylation in response to lower temperatures, providing a novel target for genetic breeding aimed at enhancing potato tolerance to low temperature stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PHD proteins are an important class of transcription factors (TFs) that are widely distributed in eukaryotes and play crucial roles in many aspects of plant growth, development and response to stress. We identified a transcription factor, ThPHD5, from the PHD family in Tamarix hispida based on its potential involvement in abiotic stress response processes. In this study, the salt tolerance function of ThPHD5 from T. hispida was further characterized. The qRTPCR results showed ThPHD5 was expressed in response to NaCl, PEG and ABA treatments. Transient transformation analysis revealed that ThPHD5 improved salt tolerance in T. hispida by increasing POD and SOD activity and decreasing the MDA, total ROS content and electrolyte leakage. To explore the salt tolerance mechanism of the ThPHD5 TF, its binding DNA motifs and potential downstream regulatory genes were analyzed. The results showed that ThPHD5 affect the expression of 7 antioxidant enzyme-related genes. The Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) results indicated ThPHD5 could bind to ABRE, MYB and Dof cis-acting elements. ChIP-PCR further confirmed ThPHD5 exercise its regulatory function by directly binding motifs on the ThPOD16, ThSOD and ThSOD1 promoters. Taken together, these findings indicate the ThPHD5 TF improves salt tolerance in T. hispida by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes to increase antioxidant enzyme activity, enhance the ROS scavenge ability, reduce ROS accumulation and cellular damage.
PHD 蛋白是一类重要的转录因子(TFs),广泛分布于真核生物中,在植物生长、发育和胁迫响应的许多方面都发挥着至关重要的作用。我们在 Tamarix hispida 中发现了 PHD 家族的一个转录因子 ThPHD5,因为它可能参与了非生物胁迫响应过程。本研究进一步研究了ThPHD5的耐盐功能。qRTPCR 结果显示,ThPHD5 在 NaCl、PEG 和 ABA 处理中均有表达。瞬时转化分析表明,ThPHD5通过提高POD和SOD活性,降低MDA、总ROS含量和电解质渗漏,提高了糙叶榕的耐盐性。为了探索 ThPHD5 TF 的耐盐机制,研究人员分析了其 DNA 结合基序和潜在的下游调控基因。结果表明,ThPHD5影响了7个抗氧化酶相关基因的表达。酵母单杂交(Y1H)和电泳迁移分析(EMSA)结果表明,ThPHD5可与ABRE、MYB和Dof顺式作用元件结合。ChIP-PCR进一步证实了ThPHD5通过直接结合ThPOD16、ThSOD和ThSOD1启动子上的基团来行使其调控功能。综上所述,这些研究结果表明,ThPHD5 TF通过调控抗氧化酶相关基因的表达,提高抗氧化酶活性,增强ROS清除能力,减少ROS积累和细胞损伤,从而提高糙叶天牛的耐盐性。
{"title":"The PHD transcription factor ThPHD5 regulates antioxidant enzyme activity to increase salt tolerance in Tamarix hispida.","authors":"Yao-Shuo Tan, Jing-Hang Li, Pei-Long Wang, Dan-Ni Wang, Bai-Chao Liu, Sonethavy Phetmany, Yong-Xi Li, Qing-Jun Xie, Cai-Qiu Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PHD proteins are an important class of transcription factors (TFs) that are widely distributed in eukaryotes and play crucial roles in many aspects of plant growth, development and response to stress. We identified a transcription factor, ThPHD5, from the PHD family in Tamarix hispida based on its potential involvement in abiotic stress response processes. In this study, the salt tolerance function of ThPHD5 from T. hispida was further characterized. The qRTPCR results showed ThPHD5 was expressed in response to NaCl, PEG and ABA treatments. Transient transformation analysis revealed that ThPHD5 improved salt tolerance in T. hispida by increasing POD and SOD activity and decreasing the MDA, total ROS content and electrolyte leakage. To explore the salt tolerance mechanism of the ThPHD5 TF, its binding DNA motifs and potential downstream regulatory genes were analyzed. The results showed that ThPHD5 affect the expression of 7 antioxidant enzyme-related genes. The Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) results indicated ThPHD5 could bind to ABRE, MYB and Dof cis-acting elements. ChIP-PCR further confirmed ThPHD5 exercise its regulatory function by directly binding motifs on the ThPOD16, ThSOD and ThSOD1 promoters. Taken together, these findings indicate the ThPHD5 TF improves salt tolerance in T. hispida by regulating the expression of antioxidant enzyme-related genes to increase antioxidant enzyme activity, enhance the ROS scavenge ability, reduce ROS accumulation and cellular damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":"112319"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142639591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112317
Krista Osadchuk, Ben Beydler, Chi-Lien Cheng, Erin Irish
Successive developmental stages of representative early and late juvenile, transition, and adult maize leaves were compared using machine-learning-aided analyses of gene expression patterns to characterize vegetative phase change (VPC), including identification of the timing of this developmental transition in maize. We used t-SNE to organize 32 leaf samples into 9 groups with similar patterns of gene expression. oposSOM yielded clusters of co-expressed genes from key developmental stages. TO-GCN supported a sequence of events in maize in which germination-associated ROS triggers a JA response, both relieving oxidative stress and inducing miR156 production, which in turn spurs juvenility. Patterns of expression of MIR395, which regulates sulfur assimilation, led to the hypothesis that phytosulfokine, a sulfated peptide, is involved in the transition to adult patterns of differentiation.
{"title":"Transcriptome analyses at specific plastochrons reveal timing and involvement of phytosulfokine in maize vegetative phase change","authors":"Krista Osadchuk, Ben Beydler, Chi-Lien Cheng, Erin Irish","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successive developmental stages of representative early and late juvenile, transition, and adult maize leaves were compared using machine-learning-aided analyses of gene expression patterns to characterize vegetative phase change (VPC), including identification of the timing of this developmental transition in maize. We used t-SNE to organize 32 leaf samples into 9 groups with similar patterns of gene expression. oposSOM yielded clusters of co-expressed genes from key developmental stages. TO-GCN supported a sequence of events in maize in which germination-associated ROS triggers a JA response, both relieving oxidative stress and inducing miR156 production, which in turn spurs juvenility. Patterns of expression of <em>MIR395</em>, which regulates sulfur assimilation, led to the hypothesis that phytosulfokine, a sulfated peptide, is involved in the transition to adult patterns of differentiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112313
Zhen Wang , Yuxin Liu , Haodong Huang , Zhifu Zheng , Shiyou Lü , Xianpeng Yang , Changle Ma
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase5 (GPAT5) is the key enzyme in suberin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis, tomato and Sarracenia purpurea. However, little is known about whether GPAT5 function is conserved in halophytes. In this study, we identified two GPAT5 homologs, CqGPAT5a and CqGPAT5b, in Chenopodium quinoa, the typical halophyte. Using RT-qPCR, we found that CqGPAT5a and CqGPAT5b were highly expressed in quinoa roots and rapidly induced by high salt stress. CqGPAT5a and CqGPAT5b were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and found to have glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity using yeast complementation assays. Compared with CqGPAT5b, CqGPAT5a showed relatively weaker function and less protein abundance when expressed in yeast, Arabidopsis or Nicotiana benthamiana. Subsequently, we identified a serine (S) to leucine (L) variation in the CqGPAT5a protein sequence (S251L) compared with CqGPAT5b, located in the connecting region between the second and third transmembrane domains. Site-directed mutagenesis together with yeast mutant complementation and transient expression in tobacco demonstrated that this variation significantly affected CqGPAT5a activity and protein abundance. These findings expand our understanding of GPAT5 and provide new evidence that GPAT5 may be functionally conserved in halophytes.
{"title":"Functional identification of two Glycerol-3-phosphate Acyltransferase5 homologs from Chenopodium quinoa","authors":"Zhen Wang , Yuxin Liu , Haodong Huang , Zhifu Zheng , Shiyou Lü , Xianpeng Yang , Changle Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase5 (GPAT5) is the key enzyme in suberin biosynthesis in <em>Arabidopsis</em>, tomato and <em>Sarracenia purpurea</em>. However, little is known about whether GPAT5 function is conserved in halophytes. In this study, we identified two GPAT5 homologs, CqGPAT5a and CqGPAT5b, in <em>Chenopodium quinoa</em>, the typical halophyte. Using RT-qPCR, we found that <em>CqGPAT5a</em> and <em>CqGPAT5b</em> were highly expressed in quinoa roots and rapidly induced by high salt stress. CqGPAT5a and CqGPAT5b were localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and found to have glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity using yeast complementation assays. Compared with CqGPAT5b, CqGPAT5a showed relatively weaker function and less protein abundance when expressed in yeast, <em>Arabidopsis</em> or <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>. Subsequently, we identified a serine (S) to leucine (L) variation in the CqGPAT5a protein sequence (S251L) compared with CqGPAT5b, located in the connecting region between the second and third transmembrane domains. Site-directed mutagenesis together with yeast mutant complementation and transient expression in tobacco demonstrated that this variation significantly affected CqGPAT5a activity and protein abundance. These findings expand our understanding of GPAT5 and provide new evidence that GPAT5 may be functionally conserved in halophytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112316
Xinyu Jiao , Yamin Li , Qingyu Yang, Xiangjian Chen, Lan Luo, Yuzhen Liu, Zhixiong Liu
The classic ABC model postulates how three classes of floral homeotic genes (A, B and C) work in a combinational way to confer organ identity to each whorl that make up a perfect flower in core eudicot plants. Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae) produces dimorphic flowers with single whorl showy tepals, representing a considerable difference with most core eudicots flowers. Here, we explain in detail the function of a duplicated pair of floral homeotic genes involved in the formation of tepals and stamens in the LH F. esculentum. FaesAP1_1 and FaesAP1_2 work together to specify tepal identity. FaesAP3_1/2 or FaesPI_1/2 have redundant function in specifying filament identity, while FaesAP3_2 and FaesPI_2 also retain a conserved role in specifying anther development and gain novel function in style length determination. However, FaesPI_1 gain novel function in floral color formation. In addition, FaesAG can directly regulate stamen and pistil development or binds to the CArG-box of pFaesPI_1 to indirectly regulate stamen and pistil development by a gene regulatory pathway involving FaesAP1_1/2, FaesAP3_1/2 and FaesPI_1/2. Moreover, FaesAP1_1/2 can directly or indirectly regulate B-class gene (FaesAP3_1/2 and FaesPI_1/2) expression to be involved in floral development. Our work has led to detailed insights into the MADS-box gene regulatory networks that control floral developmental process in LH F. esculentum.
{"title":"Duplicate MADS-box genes with split roles and a genetic regulatory network of floral development in long-homostyle common buckwheat","authors":"Xinyu Jiao , Yamin Li , Qingyu Yang, Xiangjian Chen, Lan Luo, Yuzhen Liu, Zhixiong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The classic ABC model postulates how three classes of floral homeotic genes (A, B and C) work in a combinational way to confer organ identity to each whorl that make up a perfect flower in core eudicot plants. <em>Fagopyrum esculentum</em> (Polygonaceae) produces dimorphic flowers with single whorl showy tepals, representing a considerable difference with most core eudicots flowers. Here, we explain in detail the function of a duplicated pair of floral homeotic genes involved in the formation of tepals and stamens in the LH <em>F. esculentum</em>. <em>FaesAP1_1</em> and <em>FaesAP1_2</em> work together to specify tepal identity. <em>FaesAP3_1/2</em> or <em>FaesPI_1/2</em> have redundant function in specifying filament identity, while <em>FaesAP3_2</em> and <em>FaesPI_2</em> also retain a conserved role in specifying anther development and gain novel function in style length determination. However, <em>FaesPI_1</em> gain novel function in floral color formation. In addition, <em>FaesAG</em> can directly regulate stamen and pistil development or binds to the CArG-box of <em>pFaesPI_1</em> to indirectly regulate stamen and pistil development by a gene regulatory pathway involving <em>FaesAP1_1/2, FaesAP3_1/2</em> and <em>FaesPI_1/2</em>. Moreover, <em>FaesAP1_1/2</em> can directly or indirectly regulate B-class gene (<em>FaesAP3_1/2</em> and <em>FaesPI_1/2</em>) expression to be involved in floral development. Our work has led to detailed insights into the MADS-box gene regulatory networks that control floral developmental process in LH <em>F. esculentum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-03DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112314
Yuling Tai , Haiyan Wu , Lu Yang , Yi Yuan, Youhui Chen, Honggang Wang, Yifan Jin, Luyao Yu, Shuangshuang Li, Feng Shi
German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a traditional medicinal aromatic plant, and the sesquiterpenoids in its flowers have important medicinal value. The (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) is one of the active sesquiterpenoid components and is also a major component of aphid alarm pheromones. In this study, two EβF synthase (βFS) genes (McβFS1 and McβFS2), were cloned from German chamomile. Subcellular localization analysis showed that both McβFS1 and McβFS2 were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that McβFS1 and McβFS2 were expressed in all flower stages, with the highest levels observed during the tubular flower extension stage. Prokaryotic expression and enzyme activity results showed that McβFS1 and McβFS2 possess catalytic activity. Overexpression of McβFS1 and McβFS2 in the hairy roots of German chamomile led to the accumulation of EβF, demonstrating enzyme activity in vivo. The promoters of McβFS1 and McβFS2 were cloned and analyzed. After treating German chamomile with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA), the transcription levels of McβFS1 and McβFS2 were found to be regulated by both hormones. In addition, feeding experiments showed that aphid infestation upregulated the expression levels of McβFS1 and McβFS2. Our study provides valuable insights into the biosynthesis of EβF, laying a foundation for further research into its metabolic pathways.
{"title":"Functional analysis of (E)-β-farnesene synthases involved in accumulation of (E)-β-farnesene in German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)","authors":"Yuling Tai , Haiyan Wu , Lu Yang , Yi Yuan, Youhui Chen, Honggang Wang, Yifan Jin, Luyao Yu, Shuangshuang Li, Feng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>German chamomile (<em>Matricaria chamomilla</em> L.) is a traditional medicinal aromatic plant, and the sesquiterpenoids in its flowers have important medicinal value. The (<em>E</em>)-<em>β</em>-farnesene (EβF) is one of the active sesquiterpenoid components and is also a major component of aphid alarm pheromones. In this study, two EβF synthase (βFS) genes (<em>McβFS1</em> and <em>McβFS2</em>), were cloned from German chamomile. Subcellular localization analysis showed that both McβFS1 and McβFS2 were localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that <em>McβFS1</em> and <em>McβFS2</em> were expressed in all flower stages, with the highest levels observed during the tubular flower extension stage. Prokaryotic expression and enzyme activity results showed that McβFS1 and McβFS2 possess catalytic activity. Overexpression of McβFS1 and McβFS2 in the hairy roots of German chamomile led to the accumulation of EβF, demonstrating enzyme activity <em>in vivo</em>. The promoters of <em>McβFS1</em> and <em>McβFS2</em> were cloned and analyzed. After treating German chamomile with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and methyl salicylate (MeSA), the transcription levels of <em>McβFS1</em> and <em>McβFS2</em> were found to be regulated by both hormones. In addition, feeding experiments showed that aphid infestation upregulated the expression levels of <em>McβFS1</em> and <em>McβFS2</em>. Our study provides valuable insights into the biosynthesis of EβF, laying a foundation for further research into its metabolic pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 112314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}