Ribavirin in Modern Antitumor Therapy: Prospects for Intranasal Administration.

Iosif Mikhel, Elena Bakhrushina, Olga Stepanova, Sofiya Prilepskaya, Dmitriy Kosenkov, Anastasia Belyatskaya, Grigory Evzikov, Natalia Demina, Ivan Krasnyuk, Ivan Krasnyuk
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Abstract

Ribavirin has been used as an antiviral agent to treat a variety of viral infections since the 1970s. Over the past few decades, studies have been conducted on the pharmacology of ribavirin, and the possibility of its use in new indications has been explored. According to the results of a number of studies, ribavirin efficacy in the therapy of malignant neoplasms of various genesis has been proven. Furthermore, due to the complexity of brain tumor therapy using surgical methods, targeted delivery of ribavirin to the brain becomes a promising alternative to existing treatment methods. Targeting of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to the brain tumor is achieved by intranasal drug delivery via a Nose-to-Brain mechanism. In addition, using this delivery mechanism, it is possible to reach the brain while bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus avoiding the effects of the first passage through the liver. Despite the significant advantages of the method, there are limiting factors to its application - mucociliary clearance, which aims to remove foreign bodies from the surface of the nasal mucosa. In situ, systems are able to reduce the intensity of interfering factors on API and allow the achievement of maximum bioavailability during intranasal administration.

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利巴韦林在现代抗肿瘤疗法中的应用:鼻内给药的前景。
自 20 世纪 70 年代以来,利巴韦林一直被用作治疗各种病毒感染的抗病毒药物。在过去的几十年里,人们对利巴韦林的药理学进行了研究,并探索了将其用于新适应症的可能性。多项研究结果表明,利巴韦林在治疗各种恶性肿瘤方面的疗效已得到证实。此外,由于使用手术方法治疗脑肿瘤的复杂性,向脑部靶向输送利巴韦林成为现有治疗方法的一种有前途的替代方法。通过鼻-脑(Nose-to-Brain)机制进行鼻内给药,可将活性药物成分(API)靶向输送到脑肿瘤。此外,利用这种给药机制,可以绕过血脑屏障(BBB)到达大脑,从而避免了首次通过肝脏的影响。尽管这种方法优势显著,但其应用也存在限制因素--黏膜纤毛清除,其目的是清除鼻黏膜表面的异物。原位系统能够降低原料药受干扰因素的强度,并在鼻内给药过程中实现最大生物利用度。
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