A surveillance study of cancer incidence and mortality among young adults in Costa Rica

IF 7 Q1 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES Lancet Regional Health-Americas Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1016/j.lana.2024.100872
Rachel Slimovitch , Jaimie Z. Shing , Romain Fantin , Juan C. Vanegas , Carolina Porras , Rolando Herrero , Meredith S. Shiels , Mónica S. Sierra , Erica S. Stephens , Allan Hildesheim , Aimée R. Kreimer , Alejandro Calderón , Loretto J. Carvajal
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Abstract

Background

There has been an increase in certain cancers among young adults (YA) aged 20–39, particularly in Latin America. This is the first study to examine cancer incidence and mortality in YA in Costa Rica, focusing on sex-specific patterns.

Methods

Invasive cancer cases (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) in YA from 2006 to 2015 were obtained from the Costa Rican National Registry of Tumors. Utilising SEER∗Stat software, age-standardized incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. Trends and annual percent changes (APCs) in IRs were estimated using the Joinpoint regression analysis program. Cancer deaths from 2000 to 2021 were obtained from the Costa Rican National Institute of Statistics and Census. Age-standardised mortality rates were calculated using STATA®17.

Findings

YA comprised 10.7% of all invasive cancer cases diagnosed from 2006 to 2015. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of invasive cancer in YA was 50.9/100,000 person-years. The ASIR was twofold higher for females compared to males (IRR = 2.03, 95% CI:1.94, 2.13). This difference increased with age, peaking in the 35–39-year age group (IRR = 2.84, 95% CI:2.62, 3.10). Thyroid, breast, and cervical cancer were the most common in females. Testicular cancer was the most common in males. Leading causes of cancer-related deaths included cervical and breast cancer in females and stomach and brain/nervous system cancer in males.

Interpretation

The study highlights sex-specific patterns in cancer incidence and mortality among YA in Costa Rica to increase understanding and improve cancer outcomes in this age group.

Funding

This study was funded by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute.

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哥斯达黎加青壮年癌症发病率和死亡率监测研究
背景20-39岁的年轻人(YA)中某些癌症的发病率有所上升,尤其是在拉丁美洲。这是第一项研究哥斯达黎加青年癌症发病率和死亡率的研究,重点关注性别特异性模式。方法从哥斯达黎加国家肿瘤登记处获得 2006 年至 2015 年青年中的侵袭性癌症病例(不包括非黑色素瘤皮肤癌)。利用 SEER∗Stat 软件计算了年龄标准化发病率 (IR) 和发病率比 (IRR)。使用Joinpoint回归分析程序估算了IRs的趋势和年度百分比变化(APCs)。2000 年至 2021 年的癌症死亡人数来自哥斯达黎加国家统计和普查局。使用 STATA®17 计算了年龄标准化死亡率。研究结果在 2006 年至 2015 年诊断出的所有侵袭性癌症病例中,YA 占 10.7%。亚裔浸润性癌症的年龄标准化发病率(ASIR)为 50.9/100,000人年。女性的年龄标准化发病率是男性的两倍(IRR = 2.03,95% CI:1.94,2.13)。这一差异随着年龄的增长而增加,在 35-39 岁年龄组达到峰值(IRR = 2.84,95% CI:2.62, 3.10)。甲状腺癌、乳腺癌和宫颈癌在女性中最为常见。男性最常见的是睾丸癌。与癌症相关的主要死亡原因包括女性的宫颈癌和乳腺癌,以及男性的胃癌和脑/神经系统癌症。这项研究强调了哥斯达黎加亚裔癌症发病率和死亡率的性别特异性模式,以增进对这一年龄组癌症的了解并改善其治疗效果。
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期刊介绍: The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, an open-access journal, contributes to The Lancet's global initiative by focusing on health-care quality and access in the Americas. It aims to advance clinical practice and health policy in the region, promoting better health outcomes. The journal publishes high-quality original research advocating change or shedding light on clinical practice and health policy. It welcomes submissions on various regional health topics, including infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, child and adolescent health, maternal and reproductive health, emergency care, health policy, and health equity.
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