{"title":"A review on biodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) with bacteria and fungi under laboratory conditions","authors":"Sultana Razia , Tony Hadibarata , Sie Yon Lau","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105893","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most extensively produced chemical in the world. With its growing demand, it has become a common emerging organic contaminant (EOC) in the environment. It is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that can disrupt the endocrine system and induce negative impacts on human health and other biota. To detoxify or remove BPA from the contaminated environment, researchers have developed several physicochemical and biological methods. Biodegradation is usually considered economical and environmentally safe. In the last few decades, huge experiments have been conducted using bacteria and fungi to degrade BPA. Thus, the present review aims to better understand the current knowledge on BPA biodegradation with bacteria and fungi to discover the limitations of those studies. In the case of bacteria, researchers used direct environmental raw samples for enrichment, isolation and degradation. <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. was the most common bacteria in those samples to degrade BPA. Whereas in the case of fungi, previously isolated pure fungal strains were used. Those fungi were either ascomycetes or basidiomycetes, and most of those fungi produced an extracellular enzyme, laccase, to degrade BPA. Literature review shows that two toxic metabolites for fungal-mediated degradation (p-isopropenyl phenol and 4-ethyl−2-methoxyphenol) and six toxic metabolites for bacterial-mediated degradation (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldeyde, p-hydroxyacetophenone, hydroquinone, 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol, and <em>p</em>-hydroxyphenacylalcohol) were produced. Our review also reveals that most previous studies were conducted under non-extreme conditions, though extreme environments can be contaminated with BPA. Therefore, this review is certainly helpful in deeply revising the existing knowledge on BPA biodegradation to conduct novel research in the future to fill the research gaps in safer ways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105893"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964830524001641/pdfft?md5=68b0a070381d6b22945e3ef81977c455&pid=1-s2.0-S0964830524001641-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964830524001641","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most extensively produced chemical in the world. With its growing demand, it has become a common emerging organic contaminant (EOC) in the environment. It is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that can disrupt the endocrine system and induce negative impacts on human health and other biota. To detoxify or remove BPA from the contaminated environment, researchers have developed several physicochemical and biological methods. Biodegradation is usually considered economical and environmentally safe. In the last few decades, huge experiments have been conducted using bacteria and fungi to degrade BPA. Thus, the present review aims to better understand the current knowledge on BPA biodegradation with bacteria and fungi to discover the limitations of those studies. In the case of bacteria, researchers used direct environmental raw samples for enrichment, isolation and degradation. Pseudomonas sp. was the most common bacteria in those samples to degrade BPA. Whereas in the case of fungi, previously isolated pure fungal strains were used. Those fungi were either ascomycetes or basidiomycetes, and most of those fungi produced an extracellular enzyme, laccase, to degrade BPA. Literature review shows that two toxic metabolites for fungal-mediated degradation (p-isopropenyl phenol and 4-ethyl−2-methoxyphenol) and six toxic metabolites for bacterial-mediated degradation (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldeyde, p-hydroxyacetophenone, hydroquinone, 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol, and p-hydroxyphenacylalcohol) were produced. Our review also reveals that most previous studies were conducted under non-extreme conditions, though extreme environments can be contaminated with BPA. Therefore, this review is certainly helpful in deeply revising the existing knowledge on BPA biodegradation to conduct novel research in the future to fill the research gaps in safer ways.
双酚 A(BPA)是世界上生产量最大的化学品。随着需求的不断增长,它已成为环境中常见的新有机污染物(EOC)。它是一种干扰内分泌的化学物质(EDC),会扰乱内分泌系统,对人类健康和其他生物群造成负面影响。为了从受污染的环境中解毒或去除双酚 A,研究人员开发了多种物理化学和生物方法。生物降解法通常被认为既经济又环保。在过去的几十年中,利用细菌和真菌降解双酚 A 的实验进行了大量的研究。因此,本综述旨在更好地了解目前利用细菌和真菌降解双酚 A 的知识,发现这些研究的局限性。就细菌而言,研究人员直接使用环境原始样本进行富集、分离和降解。假单胞菌是这些样本中最常见的降解双酚 A 的细菌。而在真菌方面,则使用了之前分离出的纯真菌菌株。这些真菌要么是子囊菌目,要么是担子菌目,其中大多数真菌产生一种胞外酶--漆酶,用于降解双酚 A。文献综述显示,真菌介导降解产生了两种有毒代谢物(对异丙烯基苯酚和 4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚),细菌介导降解产生了六种有毒代谢物(对羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲醛、对羟基苯乙酮、对苯二酚、2,3-双(4-羟基苯基)-1,2-丙二醇和对羟基苯乙醇)。我们的综述还显示,以前的大多数研究都是在非极端条件下进行的,尽管极端环境也会受到双酚 A 的污染。因此,本综述无疑有助于深入修正现有的双酚 A 生物降解知识,以便在未来开展新的研究,以更安全的方式填补研究空白。
期刊介绍:
International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation publishes original research papers and reviews on the biological causes of deterioration or degradation.