International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation最新文献

Lignite degraded by Trichoderma citrinoviride: Products, processes and mechanisms 黄绿木霉降解褐煤：产物、过程和机理

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105957

Xingyu Mu , Meitong Li , Jianhua Tian , Wenjiao Yuan , Hui Shen , Ruijie Zhang , Shuwei Li , Xin Feng , Xuening Fei , Yuhong Xie

The biodegradation of lignite facilitates the efficient utilization of low-rank coal, and its degradation products, processes, and mechanisms are important areas of research. In this study, the biodegradation process of the lignite was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Firstly, the structural changes of lignite caused by Trichoderma citrinoviride were analyzed. Secondly, the main product detected by GC-MS from the degradation of lignite by Trichoderma citrinoviride was identified as erucylamide, with a conversion rate of 12.23%. The main product that was volatilized at 280 °C during the degradation of lignite by Trichoderma citrinoviride was first identified by GC-MS. Finally, the oxidase, LiP, MnP, Lac, and PPO secreted by Trichoderma citrinoviride were the main factors contributing to the degradation of lignite, and the degradation processes and mechanisms were inferred based on enzyme activities. This study provides fundamental experiments and data support for research on lignite in the field of the biochemical industry.

褐煤的生物降解为低阶煤的高效利用提供了便利，其降解产物、过程和机理是研究的重要领域。本研究采用扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析了褐煤的生物降解过程。首先，分析了黄绿木霉对褐煤结构的影响。其次，黄绿木霉降解褐煤的GC-MS主要检测产物为乙酰氨基乙酰胺，转化率为12.23%。黄绿木霉在280℃降解褐煤过程中挥发的主要产物首次通过气相色谱-质谱法鉴定。最后，黄绿木霉分泌的氧化酶、LiP、MnP、Lac和PPO是褐煤降解的主要因子，并根据酶活性推断了褐煤的降解过程和机制。本研究为褐煤在生化工业领域的研究提供了基础实验和数据支持。

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引用次数: 0

Antifouling activity exhibited by pyrrolo compound isolated from marine sponge associated bacterium Halobacillus kuroshimensis SNSAB01 against barnacles 从海绵伴生菌黑岛盐杆菌SNSAB01中分离的吡咯啉化合物对藤壶的防污活性研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105960

S. Nalini , S. Venkatnarayanan , D. Inbakandan , Clarita Clements , S.U. Mohammed Riyaz , T. Stalin Dhas , P. Sriyutha Murthy , G. Dharani

The increasing use of natural products from marine organisms and their synthetic analogs as antifouling agents is replacing chemical biocides due to their ecological compatibility. This study evaluated the antifouling potential of pyrrolo compound (PC) from the sponge-associated bacterium Halobacillus kuroshimensis against the barnacle Amphibalanus reticulatus larval survival, metamorphosis and settlement in the laboratory. The successful concentrations were also subjected to field based static immersion tests to study the efficacy of the PC extract on macrofouling settlement. Results showed decreased naupliar survival and affected larval metamorphosis in a dose-dependent manner, with varying sensitivity among developmental stages. Higher PC concentrations significantly reduced cyprid yield and settlement, with over 50% of cyprid larvae failing to settle at concentrations of 1300 μg/ml and above. Field experiments confirmed a steady decline in barnacle settlement on PC-treated coupons, with less than 50% settlement observed at concentrations of 500–2000 μg/ml over 50 days. The LC₅₀/EC₅₀ ratio for nauplius N-II was 1.11, with higher ratios observed in later stages and for the cypris (1.66), suggesting moderate toxicity and a narrow margin of safety. These ratios suggest barnacle settlement inhibition occurring through a toxic mechanism. The results demonstrate the compound's ability to disrupt barnacle settlement, but also raise concerns about its environmental impact (long-term usage), particularly the potential risks to non-target species before using the compound in real-world antifouling applications. Despite higher concentrations used compared to previous reports, PC shows potential as an effective natural antifouling compound.

由于其生态兼容性，越来越多地使用海洋生物的天然产物及其合成类似物作为防污剂，正在取代化学杀菌剂。本研究在实验室研究了海绵体相关菌黑岛盐杆菌（Halobacillus kuroshimensis）的pyrrolo化合物（PC）对网纹Amphibalanus reticulatus幼虫的生存、蜕变和沉降的防污潜力。还对成功的浓度进行了基于现场的静态浸泡试验，以研究PC提取物对宏观污垢沉降的影响。结果显示，剂量依赖性地降低了幼虫的存活率并影响了幼虫的变态，在不同的发育阶段具有不同的敏感性。较高的PC浓度显著降低了塞浦路斯的产量和沉降，在1300 μg/ml及以上的浓度下，超过50%的塞浦路斯幼虫不能沉降。现场实验证实，在pc处理过的样品上，藤壶沉降稳步下降，在500-2000 μg/ml浓度下，50天内的沉降低于50%。naplius N-II的LC50/EC50比值为1.11，后期较高，鲤的LC50/EC50比值为1.66，毒性中等，安全边际较窄。这些比率表明藤壶沉降抑制是通过毒性机制发生的。研究结果表明，该化合物具有破坏藤壶沉降的能力，但也引起了人们对其环境影响（长期使用）的担忧，特别是在将该化合物用于实际防污应用之前，对非目标物种的潜在风险。尽管与之前的报道相比，PC的使用浓度更高，但它显示出作为一种有效的天然防污化合物的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Biochemical and chemical markers associated with biodeterioration agents isolated from archive audio-visual materials 从档案音像资料中分离出与生物劣化剂有关的生化标记

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105959

Tereza Branysova , Michał Komar , Justyna Szulc , Marcin Sypka , Joanna Nizioł , Aneta Płaza-Altamer , Teresa Stryszewska , Konrad Olejnik , Tomasz Ruman , Beata Gutarowska

Biodeterioration of cultural heritage objects, including audio-visual materials, is driven by complex microbial metabolic processes that remain incompletely understood. This research addresses this gap through a model study using bacterial (Bacillus spp.) and fungal (Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium spp.) isolates on archival photographs with different binders—albumen, collodion, and gelatine. We examined the enzymatic activities, metabolomic profiles, and structural impacts of microbial colonisation over a two-month period. Isolates demonstrated specific degradation capabilities, with proteolytic and cellulolytic activities prominently observed. Metabolomic analysis revealed a significant production of carboxylic acids and organooxygen compounds across all isolates and binders, indicating common biodegradation pathways involving the breakdown of complex molecules such as cellulose. Gelatine emerged as the most conducive substrate for microbial growth and metabolic activity, exhibiting distinct metabolic profiles compared to collodion and albumen. SEM analysis uncovered preferential colonisation patterns, notably the preference of the Alternaria genus for collodion. The microbial activity resulted in measurable changes in pH, colour, and mechanical properties of the materials, with albumen elongation drastically reduced to 0.76%. Our findings elucidate the microbial metabolic processes driving the biodeterioration of photographic materials, providing crucial insights for developing targeted preservation strategies to safeguard audio-visual cultural heritage.

文化遗产（包括音像资料）的生物劣化是由复杂的微生物代谢过程引起的，而人们对这一过程的了解还很不够。本研究通过一项模型研究，利用细菌（芽孢杆菌属）和真菌（交替孢霉属、曲霉属和青霉属）分离物对不同粘合剂（阿尔伯烯、胶版纸和明胶）的档案照片进行研究，填补了这一空白。我们在两个月的时间里研究了微生物定植的酶活性、代谢组学特征和结构影响。分离菌展示了特定的降解能力，其中蛋白质分解和纤维素分解活性最为突出。代谢组学分析表明，所有分离物和粘合剂都会产生大量羧酸和有机氧化合物，这表明生物降解的共同途径涉及分解纤维素等复杂分子。明胶是最有利于微生物生长和新陈代谢活动的基质，与胶棉和蛋白相比，明胶表现出独特的新陈代谢特征。扫描电子显微镜分析发现了优先定殖模式，尤其是交替孢属对胶乳的偏好。微生物活动导致材料的 pH 值、颜色和机械性能发生了可测量的变化，白蛋白的伸长率大幅降低至 0.76%。我们的研究结果阐明了驱动照相材料生物劣化的微生物代谢过程，为制定有针对性的保存策略以保护视听文化遗产提供了重要的启示。

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引用次数: 0

Biodeterioration of chrome-tanned leather and its prevention strategies 铬鞣皮革的生物劣化及其预防策略

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105961

Yuxin Song , Zhengyi Sun , Fengxiang Luo , Xu Zhang , Biyu Peng

Preventing biodeterioration of chrome-tanned leather due to mold growth during storage is critical in the leather industry. In this paper, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and characteristic components analysis were used to analyze the biodeterioration process and mechanism of the chrome-tanned leather. Feasible strategies to improve the biodeterioration prevention effect were explored in detail from the aspect of tanning-basification processes and the selection of fungicides. The results showed that molds grow and reproduce by using the available proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the chrome-tanned leather as nutrient resources, metabolizing and secreting alkaline substances such as histamine and spermine, and proteases, simultaneously. The macromolecular organic matter was hydrolyzed into small molecular substances and provided nutrients for microorganisms, meanwhile, the increase of environmental pH caused the dechroming of tanned collagen fiber, accelerating the degradation of collagen fiber, making tanned leather more easily destroyed. Furthermore, the use of a proper amount of MgO for basification was not likely to cause a continuous increase in the pH of the chrome-tanned leather during storage, and the pH of the leather eventually stabilized at about 4.0 during long-term storage. Additionally, the use of 100 mg/L of fungicides MIT, CMIT, IPBC and OIT can effectively kill molds and continuously inhibit the development of mold spores during the storage procedure, which is an effective way to solve biodeterioration of chrome-tanned leather. Hence, this study provides theoretical support for effectively solving the problem of biodegradation of chrome-tanned leather caused by mold growth and reproduction, which could reduce the hazard to the environment while reducing the production cost of tanneries and improving the economic benefits.

防止铬鞣革在贮存期间因霉菌生长而发生生物劣化是皮革行业的关键所在。本文采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）、液相色谱-质谱法（LC-MS）和特征成分分析法对铬鞣革的生物劣化过程和机理进行了分析。从鞣制-碱化工艺和杀菌剂的选择方面详细探讨了提高生物劣化预防效果的可行策略。结果表明，霉菌利用铬鞣皮革中的蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物作为营养资源，同时代谢和分泌组胺、精胺等碱性物质和蛋白酶，从而生长和繁殖。大分子有机物被水解成小分子物质，为微生物提供了营养，同时，环境 pH 值的升高导致鞣革胶原纤维脱色，加速了胶原纤维的降解，使鞣革更容易被破坏。此外，使用适量的氧化镁进行碱化也不会导致铬鞣革的 pH 值在储存过程中持续升高，在长期储存过程中，皮革的 pH 值最终稳定在 4.0 左右。此外，使用 100 mg/L 的杀菌剂 MIT、CMIT、IPBC 和 OIT 可以有效杀死霉菌，并在贮藏过程中持续抑制霉菌孢子的发展，是解决铬鞣革生物劣化的有效方法。因此，本研究为有效解决霉菌生长繁殖引起的铬鞣革生物降解问题提供了理论支持，在降低制革厂生产成本、提高经济效益的同时，也可减少对环境的危害。

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引用次数: 0

Interactions between deep microbial biosphere and geo-sequestrated CO2: A review 深层微生物生物圈与地质封存的二氧化碳之间的相互作用：综述

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105958

Xuejiao Zhu , Bukang Wang , Yaya Yuan , Jianqiang Lei , Chunxiang Qian

CO₂ capture and storage (CCS) is a promising approach for significantly reducing CO₂ emission from industrial ends and mitigating global warming in the coming decades. Given that most of the subsurface formations are biological active environments, the deep microbial biosphere plays an important role in governing the fate and sequestration efficiency of injected CO₂. While substantial researches have explored the initial states and microbial shifts following CO₂ injection, there remains a notable gap in studies that systematically examine the interactions between deep microbial biospheres and geologically injected CO₂. Such understanding is essential for elucidating mechanisms and extents of geochemical CO₂ evolution under the subsurface microbial mediation. This paper comprehensively examines recent findings about impacts of CO₂ injection on deep microbial biosphere, and discusses microbial responses that are pivotal in determining the fate of the injected CO₂. Initially, the review addresses the influence of elevated CO₂ on geological chemistry, including pH, ionic strength, redox state and free energy distribution. Subsequently, it delves into the adverse effects of CO₂ on microbial growth, cell integrity, endospore generation, metabolism and community dynamics. Lastly, the review emphasizes key microbial activities that potentially facilitate in situ CO₂ immobilization, including CO₂ mineralization, methanogenesis and conversion to other valued chemicals. The objective of this review is to elucidate how elevated CO₂ levels affect geological microbiology, and how microbial responses impact the fate and speciation of CO₂ in storage sites, and to provide insights for optimizing future CO₂ storage strategies in geological formations.

二氧化碳捕集与封存（CCS）是未来几十年大幅减少工业排放的二氧化碳和减缓全球变暖的一种可行方法。鉴于大多数地下地层都是生物活跃的环境，深层微生物生物圈在控制注入的二氧化碳的归宿和封存效率方面发挥着重要作用。虽然已有大量研究探讨了二氧化碳注入后的初始状态和微生物变化，但系统研究深层微生物生物圈与地质注入的二氧化碳之间相互作用的研究仍是一个明显的空白。这种认识对于阐明地下微生物介导下二氧化碳地球化学演化的机制和程度至关重要。本文全面研究了有关二氧化碳注入对深层微生物生物圈影响的最新发现，并讨论了对决定注入的二氧化碳命运至关重要的微生物反应。文章首先探讨了高浓度二氧化碳对地质化学的影响，包括 pH 值、离子强度、氧化还原状态和自由能分布。随后，文章深入探讨了二氧化碳对微生物生长、细胞完整性、内孢子生成、新陈代谢和群落动态的不利影响。最后，综述强调了有可能促进二氧化碳就地固定化的关键微生物活动，包括二氧化碳矿化、甲烷生成和转化为其他有价值的化学物质。本综述旨在阐明升高的二氧化碳水平如何影响地质微生物学，以及微生物的反应如何影响二氧化碳在封存地点的归宿和物种，并为优化地质构造中未来的二氧化碳封存战略提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of reclamation on the distribution and diversity of comammox along the coastal wetlands of China 填海对中国滨海湿地复合微生物分布和多样性的影响

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105956

Dongyao Sun , Yinghui Jiang , Hengchen Wei , Jun Li , Dengzhou Gao , Xianbiao Lin , Cheng Chen , Guoyu Yin , Yifei Zhang , Lijun Hou , Min Liu , Ping Han

Reclamation of estuarine wetlands for paddy fields (PF) and aquaculture ponds (AP) used to be a common practice in China, which has changed land types and significantly affected microbial nitrogen transformations. However, its impacts on nitrification process especially complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) remain poorly understood. Our study investigated the distribution and diversity of comammox across the major estuarine wetland systems along the coast of China by comparing different land types, including paddy fields (PF), aquaculture ponds (AP), and wetlands. The results showed that reclamation for PF and AP (1.94 × 10⁶ copies g⁻¹ soil) significantly reduced the gene abundance of comammox compared with wetlands (3.19 × 10⁶ copies g⁻¹ soil), with higher ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) abundances and the rates of nitrification in PF than in AP. Phylogenetic analysis revealed different community structures in the two reclamation types. The distribution pattern of comammox genes in PF was similar to that in estuarine wetlands, with clade A1 and clade A2.1 being the dominant branches. Water content, iron, sulfide, and salinity were identified as the key factors affecting the distribution of comammox. This study highlights the impact of reclamation on comammox in estuarine wetlands and expands our understanding of nitrogen cycling processes in estuarine systems.

在中国，将河口湿地围垦为水田（PF）和水产养殖池塘（AP）曾经是一种常见的做法，这种做法改变了土地类型，并对微生物氮转化产生了重大影响。然而，人们对其对硝化过程的影响，尤其是对完全氨氧化剂（comammox）的影响仍然知之甚少。我们的研究通过比较不同的土地类型，包括水田（PF）、水产养殖池塘（AP）和湿地，调查了comammox在中国沿海主要河口湿地系统中的分布和多样性。结果表明，与湿地（3.19×106 拷贝 g-1 土壤）相比，水稻田和水产养殖塘（1.94×106 拷贝 g-1 土壤）的开垦明显降低了复合氧化酶的基因丰度，水稻田的氨氧化古细菌（AOA）和细菌（AOB）丰度以及硝化率均高于水产养殖塘。系统发育分析表明，两种填海类型的群落结构不同。PF 中 comammox 基因的分布模式与河口湿地相似，A1 支系和 A2.1 支系为主要分支。含水量、铁、硫化物和盐度被认为是影响 comammox 分布的关键因素。这项研究强调了填海对河口湿地中 comammox 的影响，并拓展了我们对河口系统中氮循环过程的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Feasibility of successive hydrogen and methane production: Effects of temperature and organic loads on energy potential and microbial dynamics 连续生产氢气和甲烷的可行性：温度和有机负荷对能量潜力和微生物动态的影响

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105955

Kauanna Uyara Devens , Alexandre Rodrigues Ribeiro , Franciele Pereira Camargo , Isabel Kimiko Sakamoto , Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche , Edson Luiz Silva

This study aims to assess the co-digestion of Cassava Wastewater (CW) and glycerol in a two-stage process using fluidized bed reactors (AFBR), verifying the effect of organic loading rate (OLR) and temperature (mesophilic [SMR] and thermophilic [STR]) in sequential reactors on CH₄ production. The OLR ranged from 1.2 to 15 g COD.L⁻¹.d⁻¹ and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was set at 20 h. The mesophilic sequential reactor (MSR) (average temperature of 30 °C) showed greater tolerance to high OLR and its best MPR was 101.12 mL of CH₄.d⁻¹.L⁻¹ h⁻¹, obtained at a OLR of 15 g COD.L⁻¹.d⁻¹). The maximum yield was 341.10 mL of CH₄.g⁻¹COD_cons, found at the OLR of 1.2 g COD.L⁻¹.d⁻¹. The sequential thermophilic reactor (STR) showed the maximum yield and MPR of 333.03 mL of CH₄.g⁻¹COD_cons (1.2 g COD.L⁻¹.d⁻¹) and 58.84 mL of CH₄.d^{− 1}.L⁻¹ h⁻¹ (12 g COD.L⁻¹.d⁻¹), respectively. Through the massive sequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, it was possible to observe a greater diversity of microorganisms in the TSR than in the MSR. A predominance of acetoclastic microorganisms was observed, with the genera Methanobacterium, Methanosarcina and Methanobrevibacter being the most abundant in both reactors. The two-stage system composed of mesophilic acidogenic reactor + MSR was more suitable for the co-digestion of CW and glycerol than the acidogenic reactor + TSR. These results support the notion of standard operating conditions at the industrial plant, where the cassava processing process is carried out at room temperature (25–30 °C).

本研究旨在评估木薯废水（CW）和甘油在流化床反应器（AFBR）两阶段工艺中的协同消化情况，验证顺序反应器中有机负荷率（OLR）和温度（嗜中[SMR]和嗜热[STR]）对 CH4 产量的影响。嗜中性顺序反应器（MSR）（平均温度为 30 °C）对高 OLR 的耐受性更强，其最佳 MPR 为 101.12 mL CH4.d-1.L-1 h-1（OLR 为 15 g COD.L-1.d-1）。当 OLR 为 1.2 g COD.L-1.d-1 时，最高产率为 341.10 mL CH4.g-1CODcons。序贯嗜热反应器（STR）的最大产率和最大增产率分别为 333.03 mL CH4.g-1CODcons (1.2 g COD.L-1.d-1) 和 58.84 mL CH4.d- 1.L-1 h-1 (12 g COD.L-1.d-1) 。通过对 16S rRNA 基因的大量测序分析，可以观察到 TSR 中微生物的多样性高于 MSR。在两个反应器中，甲烷杆菌属、甲烷弧菌属和甲烷杆菌属的数量都最多。由中嗜酸性产酸反应器 + MSR 组成的两级系统比产酸反应器 + TSR 更适合用于化武和甘油的共消化。这些结果支持了工业工厂标准操作条件的概念，即木薯加工过程是在室温（25-30 °C）下进行的。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of the key factors influencing biodeterioration of open-air cultural heritage in the temperate climate zone of China 确定影响中国温带气候区露天文物生物退化的关键因素

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105954

Chong Wang , Li Wang , Chongbin Bai , Mingpeng Wang , Tao Ma , Honglin Ma , Guangming Zhang , Weiwei Wang , Zisheng Guo , Yanmei Sun , Shiwei Wang

Biodeterioration is known to cause irreversible damage to open-air cultural heritages. China has numerous open-air cultural heritages constructed of stone and brick, but very little information is available about the factors involved in their biodeterioration. In this study, different kinds of open-air cultural heritages (steles, towers, temples, Tang-ling carvings, and stone bridges) from 14 different locations in temperate climate zone of China were collected and investigated. Microbiological characteristics of these cultural heritages revealed that both cyanobacteria and lichens were the mainly dominant groups on these open-air stone and brick cultural heritages with visible deterioration. Cyanobacteria were closely associated with the severely deteriorated Tang-ling carvings wile lichens were most commonly found on temples and bridges. The main cyanobacteria were Oscillatoria, Pleurocapsa, and Lyngbya, and the dominant lichens were Xanthoria Th. Fr., Lepraria. Ach. and Camellia on the surface of cultural heritage. In addition, the extent of deterioration associated with cyanobacteria exhibited an increasing trend with higher annual mean sunshine intensity, calcite content, and cultural heritage age though not statistically significant. Redundancy analysis indicated that sunshine intensity and the age of the archeological structures were the key factors that significantly affected the biodeterioration of cultural heritages. This study provides more understanding of the microbial community associated with deterioration of open-air cultural heritages situated at the temperate climate zone of China.

众所周知，生物退化会对露天文物造成不可逆转的破坏。中国有大量的石质和砖质露天文物，但有关其生物劣化因素的信息却很少。本研究收集并调查了中国温带气候区 14 个不同地点的各种露天文物（石碑、塔、寺庙、唐陵雕刻和石桥）。这些文物的微生物学特征表明，蓝藻和地衣是这些有明显退化的露天石砖文物上的主要优势菌群。蓝藻与严重破损的唐陵石刻密切相关，而地衣则多见于寺庙和桥梁。主要的蓝藻有 Oscillatoria、Pleurocapsa 和 Lyngbya，主要的地衣有 Xanthoria Th. Fr.Fr.、Lepraria.Ach. 和山茶花。此外，随着年平均日照强度、方解石含量和文物年代的增加，与蓝藻相关的劣化程度呈上升趋势，但无统计学意义。冗余分析表明，日照强度和考古结构的年代是显著影响文物生物劣化的关键因素。本研究有助于进一步了解中国温带气候区露天文物退化的相关微生物群落。

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引用次数: 0

The impacts of flagellin on larval metamorphosis of mussel Mytilus coruscus varied with protein structure 鞭毛蛋白对贻贝幼体变态的影响因蛋白质结构而异

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105952

Tiantian Liu , Yu Tao , Yushan Cai , Lihua Peng , Jin-Long Yang , Xiao Liang

Flagellin produced by Pseudoalteromonas marina has been shown to induce larval metamorphosis in mussels. The flagellin protein FliC was composed of four subunits encoded by the genes fliC-02330, fliC-02345, fliC-02346, and fliC-02347. In this study, we investigated the effects of these four FliC proteins on biofilm formation and larval metamorphosis. The inducing activity of the recombinant proteins FliC-02345, FliC-02346, and FliC-02347 was similar and significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of FliC-02330. When compared to the wild-type strain, biofilm formation was significantly enhanced in the four fliC mutants, whereas the inducing activity of four ΔfliC biofilms decreased. Among these mutants, ΔfliC-02330 exhibited the highest thickness, density, and c-di-GMP levels among its respective biofilms. The inducing activity of the ΔfliC-02330 biofilm increased by 30–40% compared to the inducing activities of other mutant strains. Furthermore, structural analysis revealed differences in protein structure and phosphorylation sites between FliC-02330 and its counterparts (FliC-02345, FliC-02346, and FliC-02347), suggesting that variations in protein structure contribute to differing impacts on both biofilm formation and larval metamorphosis. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between bacterial flagellin protein and the larval metamorphosis of marine invertebrates.

已证明假交替单胞菌（Pseudoalteromonas marina）产生的鞭毛蛋白可诱导贻贝幼虫变态。鞭毛蛋白 FliC 由四个亚基组成，分别由 fliC-02330、fliC-02345、fliC-02346 和 fliC-02347 基因编码。在本研究中，我们研究了这四种 FliC 蛋白对生物膜形成和幼虫变态的影响。重组蛋白FliC-02345、FliC-02346和FliC-02347的诱导活性与FliC-02330相似，且显著高于FliC-02330（p <0.05）。与野生型菌株相比，四个 fliC 突变体的生物膜形成明显增强，而四个 ΔfliC 生物膜的诱导活性降低。在这些突变体中，ΔfliC-02330 的生物膜厚度、密度和 c-di-GMP 水平最高。与其他突变株的诱导活性相比，ΔfliC-02330 生物膜的诱导活性提高了 30-40%。此外，结构分析表明，FliC-02330 与其对应品系（FliC-02345、FliC-02346 和 FliC-02347）的蛋白质结构和磷酸化位点存在差异，这表明蛋白质结构的变化对生物膜的形成和幼虫的变态产生了不同的影响。这些发现为了解细菌鞭毛蛋白与海洋无脊椎动物幼虫变态之间的相互作用提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehending microplastic pollution in diverse environment: Assessing fate, impacts, and remediation approaches 了解不同环境中的微塑料污染：评估归宿、影响和补救方法

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105953

Priyanka Yadav , Vishal Mishra

Microplastics (MPs) pose pervasive environmental threats that potentially harm ecosystems and public health. Till date, most of the researches have predominantly concentrated on freshwater and marine ecosystems. This review attempts to provide current knowledge of microplastic pollution, its source, and its fate in all environmental compartments for instance soil, water, and atmosphere. Also briefly summarizes different MP's exposure routes and their negative consequences on public health. Various conventional methods have been used to remove MPs but these are inefficient owing to several demerits. Microbial approach is regarded as a safer option for removing MPs due to its unique metabolic mechanism. More than 400 microorganisms have been discovered as capable of MPs degradation. Fungi have appeared as the most proficient degraders of plastics among the microbes because they release unique enzymes and can thrive on hazardous components with low resources. Numerous fungal species that can break down various plastic kinds have been found in recent studies; nevertheless, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the mechanisms underlying biodegradation. The molecular mechanisms behind MP degradation via various enzymes have received little attention. Also, white-rot fungi have received the least attention among the fungi examined for biodegradation despite having a unique extracellular enzymatic system. Thus, the current study summarizes the ability of fungi that degrade various polymers and the function of multiple enzymes in the degradation of MPs. Also, the role of different extracellular and intracellular enzymes in biological degradation of MPs is discussed. Prospects for the future include tracking long-term trends in microplastic contamination, evaluating the effectiveness of clean-up techniques, and integrating the developed technologies with socioeconomic factors into policy frameworks.

微塑料（MPs）对环境构成了普遍威胁，有可能损害生态系统和公众健康。迄今为止，大多数研究主要集中在淡水和海洋生态系统。本综述试图提供有关微塑料污染、其来源及其在土壤、水和大气等所有环境区划中的归宿的最新知识。此外，还简要概述了不同微塑料的接触途径及其对公众健康的负面影响。人们使用了各种传统方法来清除 MPs，但这些方法由于存在一些缺点而效率低下。微生物方法因其独特的新陈代谢机制而被认为是去除 MPs 的更安全选择。目前已发现 400 多种能够降解 MPs 的微生物。真菌是微生物中最擅长降解塑料的，因为它们能释放独特的酶，并能以较少的资源在有害成分上生长。最近的研究发现了许多能分解各种塑料的真菌种类；然而，关于生物降解的基本机制仍有许多未解之谜。通过各种酶降解 MP 的分子机制很少受到关注。此外，尽管白腐真菌具有独特的胞外酶系统，但在所研究的生物降解真菌中，白腐真菌受到的关注最少。因此，本研究总结了真菌降解各种聚合物的能力以及多种酶在降解 MPs 过程中的作用。此外，还讨论了不同的细胞外酶和细胞内酶在生物降解 MPs 中的作用。未来展望包括跟踪微塑料污染的长期趋势、评估清理技术的有效性，以及将开发的技术与社会经济因素纳入政策框架。

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引用次数: 0