{"title":"Immunogenicity of Botulinum Toxin A: Insights.","authors":"Eqram Rahman, Jean D A Carruthers","doi":"10.1097/DSS.0000000000004293","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used in treating dystonia and spasticity to managing chronic migraine and cosmetic applications. However, its immunogenic potential presents challenges, such as the development of neutralizing antibodies that lead to diminished therapeutic efficacy over time, known as secondary nonresponse.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to bridge the knowledge gap regarding the immunogenic mechanisms of BoNT-A and to explore effective management strategies to mitigate these immune responses.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The authors conducted a systematic search in databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, using keywords related to BoNT-A's immunogenicity. The selection process refined 157 initial articles down to 23 relevant studies, which underwent analysis to investigate the underlying mechanisms of immunogenicity and the factors influencing it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that both the neurotoxin component and the neurotoxin-associated proteins could elicit an immune response. However, only antibodies against the core toxin influence therapeutic outcomes. Various patient-specific factors such as genetic predispositions and prior immune experiences, along with treatment-related factors such as dosage and frequency, play crucial roles in shaping these responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding the specific immunogenic triggers and responses to BoNT-A is critical for optimizing treatment protocols and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11289,"journal":{"name":"Dermatologic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dermatologic Surgery","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1097/DSS.0000000000004293","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/6/28 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DERMATOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used in treating dystonia and spasticity to managing chronic migraine and cosmetic applications. However, its immunogenic potential presents challenges, such as the development of neutralizing antibodies that lead to diminished therapeutic efficacy over time, known as secondary nonresponse.
Objective: This review aims to bridge the knowledge gap regarding the immunogenic mechanisms of BoNT-A and to explore effective management strategies to mitigate these immune responses.
Materials and methods: The authors conducted a systematic search in databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, using keywords related to BoNT-A's immunogenicity. The selection process refined 157 initial articles down to 23 relevant studies, which underwent analysis to investigate the underlying mechanisms of immunogenicity and the factors influencing it.
Results: The analysis revealed that both the neurotoxin component and the neurotoxin-associated proteins could elicit an immune response. However, only antibodies against the core toxin influence therapeutic outcomes. Various patient-specific factors such as genetic predispositions and prior immune experiences, along with treatment-related factors such as dosage and frequency, play crucial roles in shaping these responses.
Conclusion: Understanding the specific immunogenic triggers and responses to BoNT-A is critical for optimizing treatment protocols and improving patient outcomes.
期刊介绍:
Exclusively devoted to dermatologic surgery, the Dermatologic Surgery journal publishes the most clinically comprehensive and up-to-date information in its field. This unique monthly journal provides today’s most expansive and in-depth coverage of cosmetic and reconstructive skin surgery and skin cancer through peer-reviewed original articles, extensive illustrations, case reports, ongoing features, literature reviews and correspondence. The journal provides information on the latest scientific information for all types of dermatologic surgery including:
-Ambulatory phlebectomy-
Blepharoplasty-
Body contouring-
Chemical peels-
Cryosurgery-
Curettage and desiccation-
Dermabrasion-
Excision and closure-
Flap Surgery-
Grafting-
Hair restoration surgery-
Injectable neuromodulators-
Laser surgery-
Liposuction-
Microdermabrasion-
Microlipoinjection-
Micropigmentation-
Mohs micrographic surgery-
Nail surgery-
Phlebology-
Sclerotherapy-
Skin cancer surgery-
Skin resurfacing-
Soft-tissue fillers.
Dermatologists, dermatologic surgeons, plastic surgeons, oculoplastic surgeons and facial plastic surgeons consider this a must-read publication for anyone in the field.