The influence of the strength of pre-existing weak zones on rift geometry and strain localization

IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Tectonophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI:10.1016/j.tecto.2024.230472
Liang Xue , Robert Moucha , Folarin Kolawole , James D. Muirhead , Christopher A. Scholz
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Abstract

Continental rifts normally initiate within previously deformed lithosphere and thus their evolution and architecture can be largely controlled by inherited weak zones in the pre-rift crust. Here, we quantify the role of the strength and obliquity of pre-existing crustal-scale weak zones in the evolution of continental rift systems. We use a 3D numerical geodynamic model to assess strain localization, associated fault development, and rift segmentation during the early stages of tectonic extension. We find that both the strength and obliquity of the weak zones significantly influence the patterns of strain localization. A pre-existing very weak zone with low obliquity can promote the development of continuous and long-lived border faults parallel to the rift axis. Conversely, a comparatively strong weak zone with high obliquity leads to a staggered en-echelon rift geometry that lacks rectilinear laterally persistent strain localization. Furthermore, we find that rift obliquity and weak zone strength may modulate rift fault length, throw, and azimuth. These results provide new and compelling insights into the structure and evolution of natural active rifts that develop within orogenic basement terranes.

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原有薄弱带的强度对裂谷几何形状和应变定位的影响
大陆裂谷通常起始于先前变形的岩石圈,因此其演化和结构在很大程度上受裂谷前地壳中继承的薄弱带的控制。在这里,我们量化了预先存在的地壳尺度薄弱带的强度和斜度在大陆裂谷系统演化中的作用。我们使用三维数值地球动力学模型来评估构造延伸早期阶段的应变定位、相关断层发育和裂谷分割。我们发现,薄弱带的强度和斜度对应变定位模式有显著影响。一个预先存在的、斜度较低的非常薄弱区,可以促进平行于裂谷轴线的连续而长效的边界断层的发展。相反,一个相对较强的高倾角薄弱区则会导致交错的 "内十弧形 "裂谷几何形态,缺乏横向持续的直线应变定位。此外,我们还发现,断裂斜度和薄弱带强度可能会调节断裂断层的长度、走向和方位角。这些结果为了解在造山基底地层中发育的天然活动断裂的结构和演化提供了令人信服的新见解。
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来源期刊
Tectonophysics
Tectonophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
6.90%
发文量
300
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The prime focus of Tectonophysics will be high-impact original research and reviews in the fields of kinematics, structure, composition, and dynamics of the solid arth at all scales. Tectonophysics particularly encourages submission of papers based on the integration of a multitude of geophysical, geological, geochemical, geodynamic, and geotectonic methods
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