Effect of luminance of head-up displays on recognition of visual objects on roads

IF 3.2 Q3 TRANSPORTATION IATSS Research Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1016/j.iatssr.2024.08.003

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Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of visual obstruction when a head-up display (HUD) is presented in front of a driver's field of view.

Background

The use of HUDs is expected to increase due to advances in augmented reality (AR) technology. A conventional HUD is displayed at a relatively low position in relation to the driver's viewpoint and has little effect on their front view. However, while an HUD, such as the AR-HUD, is presented in front of the driver's field of vision and helps them in presenting ADAS information, there is a concern that this display may obscure visual objects on the road from the driver's field of vision.

Method

An experiment using a mockup consisting of a HUD and a driver's seat was conducted with 28 participants. A passenger car, motorcycle, and crossing pedestrian were presented as visual objects on a 65-in monitor behind the image of the HUD. Participants were asked questions under different conditions with changes in the HUD luminance and asked to correctly answer questions regarding changes in the inter-vehicle distance and the existence of visual objects on the road. The number of correct answers provided by the participants was recorded.

Results

The experimental results revealed that the HUD had an effect under the twilight condition wherein the background luminance was low. Furthermore, analyzing the number of correct answers for each visual target revealed that the HUD had an effect under conditions wherein the size of the visual object was small.

Conclusion

It was experimentally derived that the luminance ratio R_luminance = 1.1 was the threshold value that affected the recognition of the visual object in the background when the HUD was presented in front of the driver's field of view.

Implication

The threshold value of the luminance ratio R_luminance obtained in this study can be considered when deciding how to properly display the HUD in front of the driver's field of view.

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平视显示器亮度对识别道路视觉物体的影响

背景由于增强现实（AR）技术的发展，平视显示器的使用预计会增加。传统的 HUD 显示在相对于驾驶员视角较低的位置，对驾驶员的前方视野影响很小。然而，虽然 HUD（如 AR-HUD）显示在驾驶员视野的前方，有助于他们显示 ADAS 信息，但有人担心这种显示可能会遮挡驾驶员视野中的路面视觉物体。客车、摩托车和横穿马路的行人作为视觉对象出现在 HUD 图像后面的 65 英寸显示器上。在 HUD 亮度变化的不同条件下，向参与者提出问题，并要求他们正确回答有关车距变化和道路上是否存在可视物体的问题。实验结果表明，在背景亮度较低的黄昏条件下，HUD 具有一定的效果。结论通过实验得出，当 HUD 显示在驾驶员视野前方时，亮度比 Rluminance = 1.1 是影响识别背景中视觉物体的阈值。意义在决定如何在驾驶员视野前方正确显示 HUD 时，可以考虑本研究得出的亮度比 Rluminance 的阈值。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IATSS Research TRANSPORTATION-

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

6.20%

发文量

审稿时长

42 weeks

期刊介绍： First published in 1977 as an international journal sponsored by the International Association of Traffic and Safety Sciences, IATSS Research has contributed to the dissemination of interdisciplinary wisdom on ideal mobility, particularly in Asia. IATSS Research is an international refereed journal providing a platform for the exchange of scientific findings on transportation and safety across a wide range of academic fields, with particular emphasis on the links between scientific findings and practice in society and cultural contexts. IATSS Research welcomes submission of original research articles and reviews that satisfy the following conditions: 1.Relevant to transportation and safety, and the multiple impacts of transportation systems on security, human health, and the environment. 2.Contains important policy and practical implications based on scientific evidence in the applicable academic field. In addition to welcoming general submissions, IATSS Research occasionally plans and publishes special feature sections and special issues composed of invited articles addressing specific topics.