IATSS Research最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the motorcycle crash risks and riders' risk profiles: Evidence from the motorcycle crash causation study","authors":"Mouyid Islam ,&nbsp;Xiaobing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motorcyclists are among the most vulnerable road users in the United States, facing disproportionately high crash and fatality rates, while many states prioritize motorcycle safety through the Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Despite this alarming trend, crash reports often lack critical insights into rider behavior and contributing risk factors. National crash data highlights an alarming trend where motorcycle crashes and fatality rates significantly exceed those of passenger cars, with sharp increases in recent years. However, existing crash reports often lack critical details about motorcycle operator behavior and risk factors, limiting efforts to develop effective safety interventions. This study aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the Federal Highway Administration's Motorcycle Crash Causation Study dataset, incorporating both crash-involved motorcyclists and paired control groups who were not in the crashes. By applying a random parameter logit model to estimate crash likelihood and a random parameter Weibull model to assess hazard duration until crash occurrence, this research identifies key contributing factors. Findings reveal that rider age, annual mileage, prior crash experience, passenger presence, travel speed, licensing status, motorcycle maintenance practices, and riding tasks play pivotal roles in influencing motorcycle crash risks. These insights underscore the urgent need for targeted motorcycle rider training, policy enhancements, and proactive safety interventions. By collaborating with state and local stakeholders, decision-makers can implement strategies that reduce motorcycle-related crashes, ultimately improving roadway safety for all users.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 691-700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing preferences for Bangkok Metro Station access modes through perceptions of safety, walkability, and service quality: A hybrid choice modeling approach","authors":"Varameth Vichiensan ,&nbsp;Vasinee Wasuntarasook ,&nbsp;Sathita Malaitham ,&nbsp;Atsushi Fukuda ,&nbsp;Wiroj Rujopakarn","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2026.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2026.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In developing cities, the effectiveness of urban rail systems depends not only on network expansion but also on safe and reliable first- and last-mile connections. This study examines metro station access mode choice in Bangkok, where informal services such as motorcycle taxis and Songthaews are widely used. A hybrid choice modeling framework is employed to integrate latent perceptions with observed factors, linking preferences, socio-demographics, and access mode choice behavior. Incorporating latent variables improved model fit, with the hybrid choice model outperforming a multinomial logit model benchmark. Walking increases when pedestrian environments meet safety and comfort expectations, while motorcycle taxi use declines when safety and service concerns persist. Songthaew choice is influenced more by tangible attributes than by latent perceptions. Socio-demographics affect mode choices both directly and indirectly through latent preferences, revealing attitudinal mediation pathways. The study highlights targeted interventions to improve walking environments, enhance motorcycle taxi safety, explore safer flexible alternatives, and standardize operations for informal modes, thereby supporting safety, sustainability, and equitable metro access in developing cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 680-690"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing evacuation behaviors using virtual simulation and Levenshtein similarity: A case study of railway stations","authors":"C.Y. LAM ,&nbsp;S. AN ,&nbsp;A.M. CRUZ","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective analysis of evacuation behavior is essential for improving safety management in complex public spaces such as railway stations. This study presents a methodological framework that integrates a virtual simulation environment with the Levenshtein Similarity method to quantitatively examine behavioral sequences during emergency evacuation scenarios. A controlled experiment was conducted using a repeated measures design to observe participants' route choices under both normal and simulated emergency conditions. Behavioral trajectories were compared using Levenshtein Similarity to identify patterns and deviations in decision-making processes. The results demonstrate that this combined approach captures variations in individual responses to environmental cues, such as exit signs and spatial configurations. By focusing on low-congestion scenarios, the method provides a robust and reproducible way to assess evacuation strategies and decision-making processes. The study highlights the potential of integrating simulation and similarity based analysis as a scalable tool for evaluating human behavior in safety-critical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 669-679"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sharing the road with autonomous vehicles: US cyclists' attitudes, concerns, and infrastructure needs","authors":"Obiageli L. Ngwu,&nbsp;Mahmudur Rahman,&nbsp;Eshwara Prasad Sridhar","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclist safety remains an important issue, with U.S. cycling fatalities rising to 966 in 2021 (a 1.9 % increase over 2020). As autonomous vehicles (AVs) become more common in mixed traffic, understanding their safety implications for cyclists is essential, since cyclists lack the physical protection of motor vehicle occupants and depend on predictable interactions to prevent crashes. Existing research rarely explores how cyclists perceive and engage with AVs, leaving infrastructure and communication needs largely underexamined. This study assessed U.S. cyclists' attitudes toward AVs, their anxiety about sharing the road, and their preferences for traffic infrastructure and AV communication interfaces. We conducted an online survey with 231 U.S. cyclists, measuring attitude, perceived usefulness, anxiety, receptivity (cyclists' willingness to access AVs), and preferences for four infrastructure designs and five AV-to-cyclist communication signs. Cyclists reported a positive attitude (mean score of 4.68 out of 7) and perceived usefulness (4.6 out of 7) of AVs despite moderate anxiety (3.48 out of 7). The results of a structural equation modeling analysis show that perceived usefulness and anxiety collectively explained 88 % (Adjusted <span><math><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span>) of the variance in receptivity. Protected cycle lanes with discontinuous (chosen by 68 % of participants) or continuous barriers (74 %) ranked highest for infrastructure. A combined visual/audio sign (52 %) and a cyclist-icon visual sign (47 %) were most preferred for communication. Incorporating cyclist-focused infrastructure and clear multisensory AV communication features can improve acceptance and safety as AVs are integrated into mixed-traffic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 653-668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are the behavioral features of Japanese cycling? Identifying risk-related strengths and weaknesses in a global context","authors":"Sergio A. Useche ,&nbsp;Nagahiro Yoshida ,&nbsp;Francisco Alonso ,&nbsp;Javier Gene-Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Japan has a long-standing and widespread cycling culture, but empirical data on cyclists' risk-related behaviors are still relatively scarce. In particular, little is known about how Japanese cyclists perceive risk, comply with traffic rules, and experience cycling crashes compared with riders in other regions. Generating this type of comparative evidence may help to better situate the Japanese case within global cycling safety trends and to guide future preventive measures.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to bridge this gap by comparing self-reported traffic violations, errors, and positive behaviors, risk perception, acceptance, and use of technology while riding, and crashes between Japanese cyclists and an international sample of cyclists across five continents.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A total of 11,276 cyclists (691 Japanese, 10,585 from other countries across five continents) completed an online questionnaire on cycling safety-related variables (Cycling Behavior Questionnaire – CBQ, Risk Perception and Regulation Scale – RPRS, Technology Affinity Scale – TAEG, and self-reported cycling patterns and safety incidents). Group comparisons were conducted using MANCOVA adjusting for age and exposure, complemented by Welch's robust tests for individual between-group comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The most common risky behaviors among Japanese cyclists were running red lights and riding against traffic flow, while signal misunderstanding and distracted bumps were least frequent. Compared to global trends, Japanese cyclists reported lower engagement in technological distractions, such as mobile phone or headphone use. However, they also showed a comparatively lower helmet use and risk perception. Despite reporting fewer crashes, their reduced adoption of protective measures and avoidance-related behaviors suggests potential safety concerns.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion and implications</h3><div>These findings suggest that Japanese cycling behavior reflects both strengths and areas for improvement, likely shaped by cultural factors. While strong adherence to traffic norms and minimal engagement with technological distractions may contribute to fewer crashes, gaps in passive safety practices and positive behavioral habits emerge as key concerns. These insights can inform road safety policies and cycling promotion strategies in Japan and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 624-632"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical evaluation of vehicle safety envelope across vehicle type and speed in disordered traffic condition","authors":"Shahana Avathkattil ,&nbsp;Vedagiri Perumal","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time safety assessments face unique challenges in developing economies due to the disordered and high heterogeneity in traffic. This study proposes a dynamic two-dimensional surrogate safety model, known as the Vehicle Safety Envelope (VSE), that represents the minimum space required around a vehicle for safe and comfortable manoeuvring in traffic. The VSE is mathematically modelled and calibrated using trajectory data collected from five signalized intersections in India. The proposed elliptical shape of the VSE was found to be analogous to the field observed safety space maintained by a vehicle from its neighbouring vehicles for safe and comfortable manoeuvres. Empirical results indicate that both lateral and longitudinal clearance thresholds, the key parameters defining the VSE, exhibit a positive linear dependency on vehicle type and speed. As speed increased from 5 to 65 km/h, the lateral clearance threshold increased from 0.2 m to 0.8 m for two-wheelers and from 0.6 m to 1.2 m for heavy commercial vehicles. Similarly, the average longitudinal clearance threshold increased from 1 m to 14 m. These thresholds closely matched safe stopping distances calculated from field data, validating the VSE's capability to capture unsafe vehicle proximities. Integrating VSE into advanced driver-assistance systems could enhance proactive safety decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 633-652"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the safety impact of mandatory ABS legislation for motorised two-wheelers in India using interrupted time series","authors":"Abhaya Jha ,&nbsp;K. Ramachandra Rao ,&nbsp;Zuduo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motorised two-wheelers (MTW) are India's most common mode of transport and have one of the highest fatal crash rates recorded among all transport modes in the country. Unlike four-wheelers, there has been a significant gap in developing crash-preventive safety devices for MTW. One of the most promising such devices is the antilock braking system (ABS), which has shown better braking performance and improved vehicle stability during emergency braking. Although extensively studied in laboratory conditions and simulations, the effectiveness of ABS has not been thoroughly studied in real-world scenarios. In April 2019, the government of India mandated that all new MTW vehicles produced in the country be equipped with ABS in an effort to reduce fatal crashes among MTW riders. This study examines the crash rates of MTW in Delhi (India) from 2016 to 2022, using Bayesian structural time series to assess the effectiveness of the ABS legislation in improving the safety of MTW users. The study period also includes the time when there were lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly affected traffic volume and the number of crashes. To account for these effects, this study normalised the MTW crash rates by the average number of vehicle kilometres travelled. The findings indicate a reduction of 11 % in MTW fatal crash rates in Delhi attributed to ABS legislation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 613-623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a simulator-based safe driving intervention method on older driver's behavior at unsignalized intersections: A preliminary study","authors":"Hiroshi Yoshitake,&nbsp;Motoki Shino","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel simulator-based intervention method that enables older drivers to observe both their own and an instructor's safe driving from a first-person perspective and to practice safe driving repeatedly with real-time visual feedback to improve driving behavior at unsignalized intersections. A preliminary experiment involving 15 older drivers compared changes in driving behavior between participant groups with and without the proposed intervention. Results showed that the proposed method significantly reduced vehicle speeds in both simulated and real-world environments and enhanced driver's awareness of their own speed. The findings suggest the effectiveness of first-person perspective training with feedback in promoting safer driving behavior among older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"Pages 603-612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict-based crash risk estimation of heterogeneous lane-changing traffic at the Panipat Toll Plaza (NH-44, India) using surrogate safety measures and UAV-based trajectory data","authors":"Parveen Kumar ,&nbsp;Debashis Ray Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A gradual increase in the number of lanes and frequent lane-changing behaviour characterizes the approach of the toll plaza. These characteristics significantly increase the propensity for conflicts and collisions. This study aims to estimate the crash risk of heterogeneous lane-changing traffic at the approaching section of the toll plaza by analyzing vehicle trajectories. In this study, traffic data was collected from a toll plaza located on National Highway-44 in Haryana, India, using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The vehicle trajectory data was retrieved using Data from Sky (DFS), a fully automated image processing software. The traffic crash risk was assessed using Extreme Value Theory (EVT) in conjunction with Lane Changing Time to Collision, a Surrogate Safety Measure (SSM) indicator. A comprehensive assessment of crash risk across vehicle categories indicates a negative relationship between vehicle size and conflict involvement, with larger vehicles such as trucks, buses, and Light Commercial Vehicles (LCVs) exhibiting a reduced likelihood of conflicts compared to two-wheelers and cars. Moreover, vehicle speed demonstrated a positive correlation with crash risk, indicating that higher average speeds are associated with an increased likelihood of crashes. The study is limited to a single morning peak-hour dataset and primarily covers motorized vehicles, as non-motorized traffic is prohibited on access-controlled highways. Additionally, the current video-classification technique could not differentiate between electric and conventional fuel-powered two-wheelers. These limitations should be considered while determining the scope and generalizability of the findings. The study findings are expected to assist engineers and toll plaza operators in selecting suitable traffic control measures to improve safety at the toll plaza.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 580-592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting higher-risk crash factors and patterns using machine learning-association rule mining","authors":"Emmanel Kofi Gbey ,&nbsp;Charles Atombo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Kofi Adanu ,&nbsp;William Agyemang","doi":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iatssr.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Road traffic crashes remain a significant global public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where fatalities and injuries disproportionately affect vulnerable road users. Despite efforts to improve road safety, crash severity levels are conventionally classified based on observable injury and fatality outcomes. This outcome-based approach oversimplifies the complexity of crash risk by ignoring latent hazards embedded in severity-based categories for non-fatal or minor crashes. This study addresses this gap by integrating Machine Learning (ML) and Association Rule Mining (ARM) to predict high-risk crashes and identify crash patterns respectively. Using nine years of historical crash data (2013−2021) from Ghana, the study employed Logistic Regression, Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost for high-risk crash prediction, followed by ARM to identify hidden patterns. RF outperformed the other models, achieving 71.4 % accuracy and a 90.3 % ROC AUC. The identified high-risk crashes depicted a mismatch between crashes classified as high severity and crashes identified as high-risk crashes. Crashes termed low severity dominated the set of crashes classified by the RF model as high-risk crashes. ARM revealed significant hidden patterns, such as rear-end collisions at signalized intersections and road width and non-impaired driving co-occur crashes under optimal environmental and behavioural driving conditions. The study demonstrates the value of combining ML and ARM for actionable insights. The findings emphasize that infrastructural design and driver behaviour both play important roles in high-risk crash outcomes, suggesting a need for holistic road safety strategies, including infrastructure redesign, enhanced traffic control measures, and public awareness campaigns to mitigate complacency in ideal driving conditions. Policymakers and traffic engineers are urged to adopt context-sensitive designs and prioritize non-junction segments, where road width significantly impacts crash risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47059,"journal":{"name":"IATSS Research","volume":"49 4","pages":"Pages 565-579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145624048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}