Postfire Sediment Mobilization and Its Downstream Implications Across California, 1984–2021

IF 3.5 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1029/2024JF007725
H. W. Dow, A. E. East, J. B. Sankey, J. A. Warrick, J. Kostelnik, D. N. Lindsay, J. W. Kean
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Abstract

Fire facilitates erosion through changes in vegetation and soil, with major postfire erosion commonly occurring even with moderate rainfall. As climate warms, the western United States (U.S.) is experiencing an intensifying fire regime and increasing frequency of extreme rain. We evaluated whether these hydroclimatic changes are evident in patterns of postfire erosion by modeling hillslope erosion following all wildfires larger than 100 km2 in California from 1984 to 2021. Our results show that annual statewide postfire hillslope erosion has increased significantly over time. To supplement the hillslope erosion modeling, we compiled modeled and measured postfire debris-flow volumes. We find that, in northern California, more than 50% of fires triggering the top 20 values of sediment mass and sediment yield occurred in the most recent decade (between 2011 and 2021). In southern California, the postfire sediment budget was dominated by debris flows, which showed no temporal trend. Our analysis reveals that 57% of postfire sediment erosion statewide occurred upstream of reservoirs, indicating potential impacts to reservoir storage capacity and thus increased risk to water-resource security with ongoing climate change.

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1984-2021 年加州各地的火后沉积物移动及其对下游的影响
火灾通过改变植被和土壤促进了水土流失,即使在降雨量适中的情况下,火灾后通常也会发生严重的水土流失。随着气候变暖,美国西部正经历着日益加剧的火灾和日益频繁的极端降雨。我们通过模拟 1984 年至 2021 年加利福尼亚州所有面积大于 100 平方公里的野火后的山坡侵蚀情况,评估了这些水文气候的变化是否明显反映在火后侵蚀模式中。我们的结果表明,随着时间的推移,每年全州范围内的火后山坡侵蚀量都在显著增加。为了补充山坡侵蚀模型,我们汇编了模拟和测量的火灾后泥石流量。我们发现,在北加州,引发沉积物质量和沉积物产量前 20 值的火灾中,有 50% 以上发生在最近十年(2011 年至 2021 年)。在南加州,火灾后的沉积物预算以泥石流为主,没有显示出时间趋势。我们的分析表明,全州 57% 的火后沉积物侵蚀发生在水库上游,这表明随着气候变化的持续,水库的蓄水能力可能会受到影响,从而增加水资源安全的风险。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
10.30%
发文量
162
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