Electromagnetic Subsurface Imaging in the Presence of Metallic Structures: A Review of Numerical Strategies

IF 4.9 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Surveys in Geophysics Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1007/s10712-024-09855-7
Octavio Castillo-Reyes, Pilar Queralt, Perla Piñas-Varas, Juanjo Ledo, Otilio Rojas
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Abstract

Electromagnetic (EM) imaging aims to produce large-scale, high-resolution soil conductivity maps that provide essential information for Earth subsurface exploration. To rigorously generate EM subsurface models, one must address both the forward problem and the inverse problem. From these subsurface resistivity maps, also referred to as volumes of resistivity distribution, it is possible to extract useful information (lithology, temperature, porosity, permeability, among others) to improve our knowledge about geo-resources on which modern society depends (e.g., energy, groundwater, and raw materials, among others). However, this ability to detect electrical resistivity contrasts also makes EM imaging techniques sensitive to metallic structures whose EM footprint often exceeds their diminutive stature compared to surrounding materials. Depending on target applications, this behavior can be advantageous or disadvantageous. In this work, we review EM modeling and inverse solutions in the presence of metallic structures, emphasizing how these structures affect EM data acquisition and interpretation. By addressing the challenges posed by metallic structures, our aim is to enhance the accuracy and reliability of subsurface EM characterization, ultimately leading to improved management of geo-resources and environmental monitoring. Here, we consider the latter through the lens of a triple helix approach: physics behind metallic structures in EM modeling and imaging, development of computational tools (conventional strategies and artificial intelligence schemes), and configurations and applications. The literature review shows that, despite recent scientific advancements, EM imaging techniques are still being developed, as are software-based data processing and interpretation tools. Such progress must address geological complexities and metallic casing measurements integrity in increasing detail setups. We hope this review will provide inspiration for researchers to study the fascinating EM problem, as well as establishing a robust technological ecosystem to those interested in studying EM fields affected by metallic artifacts.

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存在金属结构时的电磁地表下成像:数值策略综述
电磁(EM)成像旨在生成大尺度、高分辨率的土壤电导率图,为地球地下勘探提供重要信息。要严格生成电磁地下模型,必须同时解决正向问题和反向问题。从这些次表层电阻率图(也称为电阻率分布图)中可以提取有用的信息(岩性、温度、孔隙度、渗透性等),从而提高我们对现代社会所依赖的地质资源(如能源、地下水和原材料等)的认识。然而,这种检测电阻率对比的能力也使电磁成像技术对金属结构非常敏感,因为与周围材料相比,金属结构的电磁足迹往往超过其微小的体积。根据目标应用的不同,这种行为可能是有利的,也可能是不利的。在这项工作中,我们回顾了存在金属结构时的电磁建模和逆解,强调了这些结构如何影响电磁数据的采集和解读。通过应对金属结构带来的挑战,我们的目标是提高地下电磁特征描述的准确性和可靠性,最终改善地质资源管理和环境监测。在此,我们通过三螺旋方法来考虑后者:电磁建模和成像中金属结构背后的物理学、计算工具的开发(传统策略和人工智能方案)以及配置和应用。文献综述表明,尽管最近取得了科学进步,但电磁成像技术仍在不断发展,基于软件的数据处理和解释工具也是如此。这种进步必须解决地质复杂性和金属套管测量完整性的问题,并不断增加细节设置。我们希望这篇综述能为研究人员研究引人入胜的电磁问题提供灵感,并为有兴趣研究受金属工件影响的电磁场的人员建立一个强大的技术生态系统。
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来源期刊
Surveys in Geophysics
Surveys in Geophysics 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
10.00
自引率
10.90%
发文量
64
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Surveys in Geophysics publishes refereed review articles on the physical, chemical and biological processes occurring within the Earth, on its surface, in its atmosphere and in the near-Earth space environment, including relations with other bodies in the solar system. Observations, their interpretation, theory and modelling are covered in papers dealing with any of the Earth and space sciences.
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