Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and birth weight: a prospective cohort study.

IF 4.4 2区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Nutrition Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1186/s12937-024-01001-8

Tongtong Li, Yusa He, Nan Wang, Chengwu Feng, Puchen Zhou, Ye Qi, Zhengyuan Wang, Xiaojun Lin, Dou Mao, Zhuo Sun, Aili Sheng, Yang Su, Liping Shen, Fengchang Li, Xueying Cui, Changzheng Yuan, Liang Wang, Jiajie Zang, Geng Zong

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Abstract

Background: Existing data on maternal dietary patterns and birth weight remains limited and inconsistent, especially in non-Western populations. We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal dietary patterns and birth weight among a cohort of Chinese.

Methods: In this study, 4,184 mother-child pairs were included from the Iodine Status in Pregnancy and Offspring Health Cohort. Maternal diet during pregnancy was evaluated using a self-administered food frequency questionnaire with 69 food items. Principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Information on birth weight and gestational age was obtained through medical records. Adverse outcomes of birth weight were defined according to standard clinical cutoffs, including low birth weight, macrosomia, small for gestational age, and large for gestational age.

Results: Three maternal dietary patterns were identified: plant-based, animal-based, and processed food and beverage dietary patterns, which explained 23.7% variance in the diet. In the multivariate-adjusted model, women with higher adherence to the plant-based dietary patten had a significantly higher risk of macrosomia (middle tertile vs. low tertile: odds ratio (OR) 1.45, 95% CI 1.00-2.10; high tertile vs. low tertile: OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.03-2.34; P-trend = 0.039). For individual food groups, potato intake showed positive association with macrosomia (high tertile vs. low tertile: OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.20-2.47; P-trend = 0.002). Excluding potatoes from the plant-based dietary pattern attenuated its association with macrosomia risk. No significant associations was observed for the animal-based or processed food and beverage dietary pattern with birth weight outcomes.

Conclusions: Adherence to a plant-based diet high in carbohydrate intake was associated with higher macrosomia risk among Chinese women. Future studies are required to replicate these findings and explore the potential mechanisms involved.

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孕妇孕期饮食模式与出生体重：一项前瞻性队列研究。

背景：有关产妇膳食模式和出生体重的现有数据仍然有限且不一致，尤其是在非西方人群中。我们旨在研究中国人群中母亲膳食模式与出生体重之间的关系：本研究从妊娠期碘状况与后代健康队列中纳入了 4 184 对母婴。采用自填式食物频率调查问卷评估了母亲在怀孕期间的饮食情况，问卷包含 69 种食物。主成分分析用于确定饮食模式。出生体重和胎龄信息通过医疗记录获得。出生体重的不良后果根据标准的临床临界值进行定义，包括低出生体重、巨大儿、胎龄小和胎龄大：结果：确定了三种孕产妇膳食模式：植物性膳食模式、动物性膳食模式以及加工食品和饮料膳食模式，这三种膳食模式解释了 23.7% 的膳食差异。在多变量调整模型中，植物性膳食模式坚持率较高的产妇发生巨大儿的风险明显更高（中三等分与低三等分：几率比（OR）1.45，95% CI 1.00-2.10；高三等分与低三等分：几率比（OR）1.55，95% CI 1.00-2.10；高三等分与低三等分：几率比（OR）1.55，95% CI 1.00-2.10）：OR 1.55，95% CI 1.03-2.34；P-趋势 = 0.039）。就单个食物组而言，马铃薯摄入量与巨型畸形呈正相关（高三分位数与低三分位数：OR 1.72，95% CI 1.20-2.47；P-趋势 = 0.002）。从植物性膳食模式中剔除马铃薯后，其与巨型畸形风险的相关性减弱。动物性或加工食品和饮料膳食模式与出生体重结果无明显关联：结论：中国女性坚持高碳水化合物摄入的植物性膳食与较高的巨大儿风险有关。未来的研究需要复制这些发现并探索其中的潜在机制。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nutrition Journal NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

9.80

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered. Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies. In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.