Human-water interactions associated to cercarial emergence pattern and their influences on urinary schistosomiasis transmission in two endemic areas in Mali.

IF 8.1 1区 医学 Infectious Diseases of Poverty Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1186/s40249-024-01229-w
Bakary Sidibé, Privat Agniwo, Assitan Diakité, Boris Agossou Eyaton-Olodji Sègnito Savassi, Safiatou Niaré Doumbo, Ahristode Akplogan, Hassim Guindo, Moudachirou Ibikounlé, Laurent Dembélé, Abdoulaye Djimde, Jérôme Boissier, Abdoulaye Dabo
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Abstract

Background: Mali is known to be a schistosomiasis-endemic country with a limited supply of clean water. This has forced many communities to rely on open freshwater bodies for many human-water contact (HWC) activities. However, the relationship between contact with these water systems and the level of schistosome infection is currently receiving limited attention. This study assessed human-water interactions including cercarial emergence pattern and their influences on urinary schistosomiasis transmission in two communities in the Kayes district of Mali.

Methods: We carried out a parasitological study first in children in September 2021, then a cross-sectional study of quantitative observations of human-water contact activities in the population, and finally a study of snail infectivity at contact points in September 2022. The study took place in two communities, Fangouné Bamanan and Diakalèl in the Kayes region of western Mali. The chronobiological study focused on cercarial release from naturally infected snails. Released cercariae were molecularly genotyped by targeting the cox1 region, and the ITS and 18S ribosmal DNA gene (18S rDNA) regions of the DNA. Links between sociodemographic parameters, human water-contact points and hematuria were established using multivariate statistical analysis or the logistic regression model.

Results: The main factor predisposing the 97 participants to water contact was domestic activity (62.9%). Of the 378 snails collected at 14 sampling sites, 27 (7.1%) excreted schistosome cercariae, with 15.0% (19/126) at Fangouné Bamanan and 3.3% (8/252) at Diakalel. The release of Schistosoma cercariae shows three different patterns in Fangouné Bamanan: (i) an early release peak (6:00-8:00 AM), (ii) a mid-day release peak (10:00 AM-12:00 PM) and (iii) a double peak: (6:00-8:00 AM) and (6:00-8:00 PM) cercariae release; and two release patterns in Diakalel: early release (6:00-8:00 AM) and (ii) mid-day release (12:00-2:00 PM). All cercariae released during early diurnal (6:00-8:00 AM) or nocturnal emission patterns (6:00-8:00 PM) were hybrids parasite having an cox1 S. bovis or S. curassoni associated with an ITS and 18S rDNA of S. haematobium while the cercariae released during diurnal, or mid-day patterns (8:00 AM-6:00 PM) were pure S. haematobium.

Conclusions: Our study showed that domestic activity is the main source of exposure in the Kayes region. Two and three cercariae emission patterns were observed at Diakalel and Fangouné Bamanan respectively. These results suggest that the parasite adapts to the human-water contact period in order to increase its infectivity.

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马里两个血吸虫病流行地区与蛔虫出现模式有关的人水相互作用及其对尿路血吸虫病传播的影响。
背景:众所周知,马里是血吸虫病流行的国家,清洁水供应有限。这迫使许多社区在许多人水接触(HWC)活动中依赖开放式淡水水体。然而,与这些水系的接触与血吸虫感染水平之间的关系目前受到的关注有限。本研究评估了马里卡耶斯地区两个社区的人水互动情况,包括蛔虫出现模式及其对尿路血吸虫病传播的影响:我们首先于 2021 年 9 月对儿童进行了寄生虫学研究,然后对人群中的人水接触活动进行了横断面定量观察研究,最后于 2022 年 9 月对接触点的钉螺感染性进行了研究。这项研究在马里西部卡伊地区的两个社区进行,分别是 Fangouné Bamanan 和 Diakalèl。时间生物学研究的重点是自然感染蜗牛的carcarial释放。释放出的恙虫通过针对 DNA 的 cox1 区域、ITS 和 18S 核糖 DNA 基因(18S rDNA)区域进行分子基因分型。利用多变量统计分析或逻辑回归模型确定了社会人口学参数、人水接触点和血尿之间的联系:结果:97 名参与者与水接触的主要因素是家务活动(62.9%)。在 14 个采样点采集的 378 只钉螺中,有 27 只(7.1%)排出了血吸虫蚴,其中 15.0%(19/126)在 Fangouné Bamanan,3.3%(8/252)在 Diakalel。血吸虫蚴虫的释放在 Fangouné Bamanan 有三种不同的模式:(i) 早期释放高峰(上午 6:00-8:00),(ii) 中期释放高峰(上午 10:00-下午 12:00)和 (iii) 双高峰:(上午 6:00-8:00)和(下午 6:00-8:00)蚴虫释放;在 Diakalel 有两种释放模式:早期释放(上午 6:00-8:00)和 (ii) 中期释放(下午 12:00-2:00)。所有在昼间(上午 6:00-8:00)或夜间(下午 6:00-8:00)释放的carcariae都是与 S. haematobium 的 ITS 和 18S rDNA 相关的 S. bovis 或 S. curassoni 的 cox1 杂交寄生虫,而在昼间或中午(上午 8:00-6:00 下午)释放的carcariae则是纯 S. haematobium:我们的研究表明,家庭活动是卡耶斯地区的主要接触源。在 Diakalel 和 Fangouné Bamanan 分别观察到两种和三种蚴虫排放模式。这些结果表明,寄生虫会适应人与水的接触期,以增加其感染性。
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来源期刊
Infectious Diseases of Poverty
Infectious Diseases of Poverty INFECTIOUS DISEASES-
自引率
1.20%
发文量
368
期刊介绍: Infectious Diseases of Poverty is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on addressing essential public health questions related to infectious diseases of poverty. The journal covers a wide range of topics including the biology of pathogens and vectors, diagnosis and detection, treatment and case management, epidemiology and modeling, zoonotic hosts and animal reservoirs, control strategies and implementation, new technologies and application. It also considers the transdisciplinary or multisectoral effects on health systems, ecohealth, environmental management, and innovative technology. The journal aims to identify and assess research and information gaps that hinder progress towards new interventions for public health problems in the developing world. Additionally, it provides a platform for discussing these issues to advance research and evidence building for improved public health interventions in poor settings.
期刊最新文献
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