Developmental exposure to cannabis compromises dopamine system function and behavior

Abstract

With the expanding legalization and decriminalization, cannabis price has decreased, and its use increased along with the content of its main ingredient, THC. Although prevalence rates for its consumption during adolescence appear unchanged, the use of more potent cannabis and the availability of powerful synthetic cannabinoids have enhanced the health risks associated with its use. The prevalence of cannabis consumption during pregnancy has also risen because of its availability/acceptability and the misconception that cannabis is safe. Evidence shows that cannabis use during development is associated with cognitive deficits and increased risks of mental illnesses. Particularly, exposure to cannabis in utero or during adolescence derails the normal development of the dopamine system and produces aberrant behaviors. In this review, we discuss the long-term impact of THC exposure during development on behaviors related to mesolimbic dopamine system function, and we highlight areas of research that deserve more investigation in the future.