Straw type and nitrogen-water management balance rice yield and methane emissions by regulating rhizosphere microenvironment

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109555
Jun Wang , Fan Ye , Yangbeibei Ji , Zhou Zhou , Xingyu Zhang , Yuanqing Nie , Li Qin , Yang Zhou , Yule Wang , Weilu Wang , Jianchang Yang , Yun Chen , Lijun Liu
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Abstract

Context or problem

Straw incorporation improves soil fertility but also poses environmental challenges due to increasing methane (CH4) emissions in paddy fields. Whether nitrogen (N) and water management can balance rice yield and CH4 emissions under different crop straw incorporation is still not well-documented.

Objective

A three-year field experiment was conducted to probe the comprehensive effects of N application ratios and irrigation regimes on rice yield, rhizosphere soil properties, and CH4 emissions, along with the underlying mechanisms of CH4 emission variations among different straw types.

Methods

A two-factor randomized block design was used with two Japonica rice cultivars as materials in 2020 and 2021. The straw incorporation treatment included no straw incorporation (NS), wheat straw incorporation (WS), and rape straw incorporation (RS). The N fertilizer application treatments included local farmers' fertilizer practice (LFP) and increasing basal fertilizer rate (IBF). Two irrigation practices, continuously-flooded irrigation (CF) and alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWD), were designed under the WS and RS treatments in 2022.

Results

1) WS-IBF and RS-IBF enhanced yield by 6.70∼9.03 % and 8.13∼9.50 % compared to WS-LFP and RS-LFP, respectively. AWD further increased yield by 6.28∼7.76 % compared to CF. 2) WS-IBF and RS-IBF enhanced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content, synchronously boosted the methanogens (mcrA) and methanotrophs (pmoA) abundances, but decreased the pmoA/mcrA ratio, which significantly promoted CH4 emission flux in early growth stage. This resulted in a 5.04∼8.01 % and 4.60∼7.88 % increase in CH4 emissions compared to WS-LFP and RS-LFP, respectively, but a decrease in yield-scaled CH4 emissions. AWD reduced DOC content, facilitated the conversion of ammonium N to nitrate N, increased dissolved oxygen content, and hence decreased CH4 emissions by 23.41∼24.38 % compared to CF. 3) RS significantly increased microbial biomass C, N, and related metabolites, leading to a 1.29∼2.73 % increase in yield compared to WS. Meanwhile, RS promoted Nitrospira abundance as well as pterin and flavonoid metabolites associated with mcrA inhibition, while decreasing Anaeromyxobacter abundance, ammonium N, and DOC content, resulting in an increase in the pmoA/mcrA ratio and a noticeable drop in CH4 emissions compared to WS.

Conclusions

RS combined with IBF and AWD is a more sustainable integrated practice in light of the synergistic improvement in rice production and environmental benefits.

Implications

The results reveal that optimizing N and water management can synergize high-yield and low-carbon by regulating rhizosphere microenvironment in rice production under crop straw incorporation.

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秸秆类型和氮水管理通过调节根圈微环境平衡水稻产量和甲烷排放
背景或问题秸秆掺入可提高土壤肥力,但也会因增加稻田甲烷(CH4)排放量而带来环境挑战。目的 通过为期三年的田间试验,探究氮肥施用比例和灌溉制度对水稻产量、根瘤层土壤特性和甲烷排放的综合影响,以及不同秸秆类型甲烷排放变化的内在机制。秸秆掺入处理包括不掺入秸秆(NS)、掺入小麦秸秆(WS)和掺入油菜秸秆(RS)。氮肥施用处理包括当地农民施肥法(LFP)和增加基肥施用量(IBF)。结果1)与WS-LFP和RS-LFP相比,WS-IBF和RS-IBF分别增产6.70∼9.03%和8.13∼9.50%。与 CF 相比,AWD 进一步增产 6.28∼7.76 %。2)WS-IBF 和 RS-IBF 提高了溶解有机碳(DOC)含量,同步提高了甲烷菌(mcrA)和甲烷养分菌(pmoA)丰度,但降低了 pmoA/mcrA 比值,显著促进了生长早期的 CH4 排放通量。因此,与 WS-LFP 和 RS-LFP 相比,CH4 排放量分别增加了 5.04%∼8.01%和 4.60%∼7.88%,但产量标度的 CH4 排放量却减少了。与 CF 相比,AWD 降低了 DOC 含量,促进了铵态氮向硝态氮的转化,增加了溶解氧含量,从而使 CH4 排放量减少了 23.41%∼24.38%。3) 与 WS 相比,RS 能明显增加微生物生物量 C、N 和相关代谢产物,使产量增加 1.29∼2.73%。同时,与 WS 相比,RS 提高了硝化细菌的丰度以及与 mcrA 抑制相关的蝶呤和类黄酮代谢物,同时降低了厌氧菌的丰度、铵 N 和 DOC 含量,从而提高了 pmoA/mcrA 比率,并明显降低了 CH4 排放量。结果表明,通过调节作物秸秆还田水稻生产中的根瘤菌微环境,优化氮水管理可实现高产与低碳的协同增效。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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