{"title":"A critical review of dynamic bonds containing curing agents for epoxy resin: Synthesis, challenges, and emerging applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110980","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of recyclable epoxy thermoset is a major area of research interest today due to their environmental threats and non-sustainability. Recyclable products have recently gained a lot of interest as an intriguing class of regenerating thermoset due to their capability to display strength, durability, and corrosion resistance approaching that of conventional thermosets, while displaying end-of-life recyclability. This review article summarizes the most recent and significant advances in different reversible dynamic bonds such as Diels–Alder, ester, phosphate-ester, boronic-ester, vinylogous urethane, disulfide, imine, diselenide, thioester, acetal, urea, and hemiaminals/hexahydrotriazines containing curing agents that can cure traditional or recently developed epoxy resins for producing reversible epoxy thermosets. Particular emphasis is given to synthesis approaches and curing performances of intrinsically recyclable epoxy curing agents for the development of next-generation epoxy thermosets. The mechanical, thermomechanical, thermal, and recycling properties of the epoxy thermosets cured by dynamic adaptable networks (DANs) containing curing agents are also investigated. Finally, challenges, opportunities and emerging trends in the field are also addressed. Therefore, it would be desirable for both industry and academia to appropriately formulate distinctive curing agents for epoxy resins adopting various chemistries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":406,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Polymer Degradation and Stability","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391024003240","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"POLYMER SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The development of recyclable epoxy thermoset is a major area of research interest today due to their environmental threats and non-sustainability. Recyclable products have recently gained a lot of interest as an intriguing class of regenerating thermoset due to their capability to display strength, durability, and corrosion resistance approaching that of conventional thermosets, while displaying end-of-life recyclability. This review article summarizes the most recent and significant advances in different reversible dynamic bonds such as Diels–Alder, ester, phosphate-ester, boronic-ester, vinylogous urethane, disulfide, imine, diselenide, thioester, acetal, urea, and hemiaminals/hexahydrotriazines containing curing agents that can cure traditional or recently developed epoxy resins for producing reversible epoxy thermosets. Particular emphasis is given to synthesis approaches and curing performances of intrinsically recyclable epoxy curing agents for the development of next-generation epoxy thermosets. The mechanical, thermomechanical, thermal, and recycling properties of the epoxy thermosets cured by dynamic adaptable networks (DANs) containing curing agents are also investigated. Finally, challenges, opportunities and emerging trends in the field are also addressed. Therefore, it would be desirable for both industry and academia to appropriately formulate distinctive curing agents for epoxy resins adopting various chemistries.
期刊介绍：
Polymer Degradation and Stability deals with the degradation reactions and their control which are a major preoccupation of practitioners of the many and diverse aspects of modern polymer technology.
Deteriorative reactions occur during processing, when polymers are subjected to heat, oxygen and mechanical stress, and during the useful life of the materials when oxygen and sunlight are the most important degradative agencies. In more specialised applications, degradation may be induced by high energy radiation, ozone, atmospheric pollutants, mechanical stress, biological action, hydrolysis and many other influences. The mechanisms of these reactions and stabilisation processes must be understood if the technology and application of polymers are to continue to advance. The reporting of investigations of this kind is therefore a major function of this journal.
However there are also new developments in polymer technology in which degradation processes find positive applications. For example, photodegradable plastics are now available, the recycling of polymeric products will become increasingly important, degradation and combustion studies are involved in the definition of the fire hazards which are associated with polymeric materials and the microelectronics industry is vitally dependent upon polymer degradation in the manufacture of its circuitry. Polymer properties may also be improved by processes like curing and grafting, the chemistry of which can be closely related to that which causes physical deterioration in other circumstances.
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