{"title":"Association between dietary acid load and cancer: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","authors":"Omid Nikpayam , Mahsa Yousefi , Erfan Khodadifard , Mohtaram Hashemi , Bahareh Arghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.nutos.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background & Aims</h3><p>Epidemiological studies have indicated a potential association between dietary acid load (DAL) and the risk and prognosis of cancer; however, the evidence needs more research. Hence, we performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the relationship between DAL and risk for different types of cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to November 2023. We calculated pooled odds risks (ORs) with 95% CIs using a random-effects model. We also conducted analyses on publication bias, subgroups, and sensitivity. This systematic review and meta-analysis included fifteen case-control studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The pooled OR showed a statistically significant association between potential renal acid load (PRAL) (OR: 2.73, 95%CI: 2.62–2.83, P: <0.0001) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) (OR: 2.70, 95%CI: 2.66–2.74, P: <0.0001) and a considerably increased risk of cancer. To identify potential sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were performed depending on gender and country. Iranian females showed a higher odds ratio for developing cancer, according to statistical research on the PRAL index. However, the NEAP variable revealed a higher cancer risk among Uruguayan males.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The high DAL may be associated with an increased cancer risk and a poor cancer prognosis. We need more high-quality prospective studies to explore the connections between DAL and the risk and prognosis of specific cancers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":36134,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","volume":"57 ","pages":"Pages 203-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000743/pdfft?md5=be2f5c9499c90704afe17a2c912bc742&pid=1-s2.0-S2667268524000743-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical Nutrition Open Science","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667268524000743","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Nursing","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background & Aims
Epidemiological studies have indicated a potential association between dietary acid load (DAL) and the risk and prognosis of cancer; however, the evidence needs more research. Hence, we performed an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate the relationship between DAL and risk for different types of cancer.
Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from inception to November 2023. We calculated pooled odds risks (ORs) with 95% CIs using a random-effects model. We also conducted analyses on publication bias, subgroups, and sensitivity. This systematic review and meta-analysis included fifteen case-control studies.
Results
The pooled OR showed a statistically significant association between potential renal acid load (PRAL) (OR: 2.73, 95%CI: 2.62–2.83, P: <0.0001) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) (OR: 2.70, 95%CI: 2.66–2.74, P: <0.0001) and a considerably increased risk of cancer. To identify potential sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were performed depending on gender and country. Iranian females showed a higher odds ratio for developing cancer, according to statistical research on the PRAL index. However, the NEAP variable revealed a higher cancer risk among Uruguayan males.
Conclusion
The high DAL may be associated with an increased cancer risk and a poor cancer prognosis. We need more high-quality prospective studies to explore the connections between DAL and the risk and prognosis of specific cancers.