Spray, droplet evaporation, combustion, and emission characteristics of future transport fuels for compression-ignition engines: A review

IF 7.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering-English Edition Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1016/j.jtte.2024.04.003
Leang So Khuong , Nozomu Hashimoto , Osamu Fujita
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Abstract

This review examines the potential of hydrogen, ammonia, and biodiesel as alternative fuels, focusing on spray dynamics, droplet evaporation, combustion, and emissions. Hydrogen offers superior combustion characteristics but faces challenges in NOx emissions. Strategies like non-premixed direct injection, increased intake boost pressure, and low-pressure EGR are suggested for robust hydrogen combustion in compression-ignition engines. Control of hydrogen start of injection (SOI) and water injection (WI) are identified as effective techniques for reducing NOx emissions. Ammonia shows inferior combustion and higher NOx and unburned NH3 emissions in the same conditions as conventional fuels with conventional engines. Understanding ammonia spray and evaporation conditions is significant for optimizing an ammonia-air mixture and minimizing wall impingement and ammonia trap in the crevice, thereby improving combustion and emission reduction. Increasing intake pressure, injection pressure, and EGR rate, employing a turbulent jet, and preheating ammonia improve efficiency and reduce NOx emissions. Utilizing ammonia combustion requires the implementation of after-treatment systems such as NH3 adsorber and DeNOx catalysts to mitigate unburned NH3 and NOx emissions. Biodiesel affects the fuel supply system, combustion, and emission characteristics according to its viscosity and density. Increasing injection pressure and blending with volatile fuels enhance spray and combustion. Optimum biodiesel preheating temperatures for the injection pump and injector are crucial for achieving the best pump capacity and spray formation. By utilizing biodiesel-PODE blends and investigating low-temperature biodiesel combustions, there is potential to improve thermal efficiency and PM-NOx trade-off. Therefore, carbon-neutral fuel adoption should be accelerated to mitigate CO2 emissions, highlighting the importance of combustion techniques and emissions reduction strategies.

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未来用于压燃式发动机的运输燃料的喷雾、液滴蒸发、燃烧和排放特性:综述
本综述探讨了氢气、氨气和生物柴油作为替代燃料的潜力,重点是喷雾动力学、液滴蒸发、燃烧和排放。氢气具有优异的燃烧特性,但在氮氧化物排放方面面临挑战。为了在压燃式发动机中实现强劲的氢气燃烧,提出了非预混合直接喷射、增加进气增压压力和低压 EGR 等策略。控制氢气开始喷射(SOI)和喷水(WI)被认为是减少氮氧化物排放的有效技术。在与传统燃料和传统发动机相同的条件下,氨的燃烧性能较差,氮氧化物和未燃烧的 NH3 排放量较高。了解氨的喷射和蒸发条件对于优化氨-空气混合物、最大限度地减少壁面撞击和缝隙中的氨捕集,从而改善燃烧和减少排放具有重要意义。提高进气压力、喷射压力和 EGR 率、采用湍流喷射和预热氨气可提高效率并减少氮氧化物排放。利用氨燃烧需要采用后处理系统,如 NH3 吸附器和脱硝催化剂,以减少未燃烧的 NH3 和氮氧化物排放。生物柴油的粘度和密度会影响燃料供应系统、燃烧和排放特性。增加喷射压力并与挥发性燃料混合可提高喷射和燃烧效果。喷射泵和喷射器的最佳生物柴油预热温度对于获得最佳泵容量和喷雾形成至关重要。通过使用生物柴油-PODE 混合物和研究生物柴油的低温燃烧,有可能提高热效率和 PM-NOx 权衡。因此,应加快采用碳中和燃料,以减少二氧化碳排放,从而突出燃烧技术和减排战略的重要性。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
13.60
自引率
6.30%
发文量
402
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) serves as a renowned academic platform facilitating the exchange and exploration of innovative ideas in the realm of transportation. Our journal aims to foster theoretical and experimental research in transportation and welcomes the submission of exceptional peer-reviewed papers on engineering, planning, management, and information technology. We are dedicated to expediting the peer review process and ensuring timely publication of top-notch research in this field.
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