Advances of α-linolenic acid: Sources, extraction, biological activity and its carrier

Abstract

Background

α-Linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) is an essential omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid that cannot be synthesized by the human body, widely used in fields such as food, health products, and pharmaceuticals. In recent year, ALA has gained much attention for its potential health benefits. However, the unsaturation of ALA makes it highly prone to oxidation, and its bioavailability within the human body is relatively low, which requiring a suitable carrier to encapsulate it, thereby enhancing the antioxidant property and bioactivity of ALA.

Scope and approach

This review summarizes the research progress of ALA in recent years. It aimed to outline the extraction methods, metabolic pathways and beneficial effects in the human body of ALA. The review finally discusses the widely used carriers in recent year.

Key findings and conclusions

ALA, a natural plant ingredient, has positive biological effects. Despite its limited conversion to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) in the body, research has demonstrated that ALA can still be beneficial on its own. Moreover, the stability of ALA is a concern, so developing a system to enhance its stability, improve digestion and absorption is important. This review highlights the value of ALA, promotes the development of new nutritional products, and provides insights for future research.