Improved Precipitation Diurnal Cycle in GFDL Climate Models With Non-Equilibrium Convection

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1029/2024MS004315
Bosong Zhang, Leo J. Donner, Ming Zhao, Zhihong Tan
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Abstract

Most global climate models with convective parameterization have trouble in simulating the observed diurnal cycle of convection. Maximum precipitation usually happens too early during summertime, especially over land. Observational analyses indicate that deep convection over land cannot keep pace with rapid variations in convective available potential energy, which is largely controlled by boundary-layer forcing. In this study, a new convective closure in which shallow and deep convection interact strongly, out of equilibrium, is implemented in atmosphere-only and ocean-atmosphere coupled models. The diurnal cycles of convection in both simulations are significantly improved with small changes to their mean states. The new closure shifts maximum precipitation over land later by about three hours. Compared to satellite observations, the diurnal phase biases are reduced by half. Shallow convection to some extent equilibrates rapid changes in the boundary layer at subdiurnal time scales. Relaxed quasi-equilibrium for convective available potential energy holds in significant measure as a result. Future model improvement will focus on the remaining biases in the diurnal cycle, which may be further reduced by including stochastic entrainment and cold pools.

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利用非平衡对流改进 GFDL 气候模型中的降水日周期
大多数采用对流参数化的全球气候模式在模拟观测到的对流日周期方面都存在问题。最大降水量通常在夏季过早出现,尤其是在陆地上。观测分析表明,陆地上的深层对流跟不上对流可用势能的快速变化,而对流可用势能主要受边界层强迫的控制。在这项研究中,在纯大气和海洋-大气耦合模式中实施了一种新的对流闭合,在这种闭合中,浅层对流和深层对流在失去平衡的情况下发生强烈的相互作用。这两种模拟中对流的昼夜循环在其平均状态的微小变化下都得到了显著改善。新的闭合模式将陆地上的最大降水量推迟了约三个小时。与卫星观测结果相比,日相偏差减少了一半。浅对流在一定程度上平衡了边界层在亚昼夜时间尺度上的快速变化。因此,对流可用势能的松弛准平衡在很大程度上是成立的。未来的模式改进将集中在昼夜循环中剩余的偏差上,通过加入随机夹带和冷池,这些偏差可能会进一步减小。
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来源期刊
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES-
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
11.80%
发文量
241
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems (JAMES) is committed to advancing the science of Earth systems modeling by offering high-quality scientific research through online availability and open access licensing. JAMES invites authors and readers from the international Earth systems modeling community. Open access. Articles are available free of charge for everyone with Internet access to view and download. Formal peer review. Supplemental material, such as code samples, images, and visualizations, is published at no additional charge. No additional charge for color figures. Modest page charges to cover production costs. Articles published in high-quality full text PDF, HTML, and XML. Internal and external reference linking, DOI registration, and forward linking via CrossRef.
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