Ray and Halo Impact Craters on Ganymede: Fingerprint for Decoding Ganymede's Crustal Structure

IF 2.9 3区 地球科学 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Earth and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1029/2024EA003541
N. R. Baby, T. Kenkmann, K. Stephan, R. J. Wagner, E. Hauber
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Abstract

Impact craters are a unique tool not only for inferring ages of planetary surfaces and examining geological processes, but also for exploring subsurface properties. We use ejecta blankets as proxies to obtain insights into the subsurface characteristics and the vertical stratification of Ganymede's icy crust. We investigated 36 prominent ray and halo craters using images acquired during the Voyager, Galileo, and Juno spacecraft missions. These craters exhibit diverse characteristics, including dark rays, bright rays, or their combination, in both continuous and discontinuous patterns as well as dark and bright halos. Dark halo craters (DHCs) have the smallest radial extents of their dark ejecta deposits, while dark ray craters (DRCs) have the largest. DRCs in dark terrain suggest a thickness of less than ∼2 km based on their excavation depths. DRCs and DHCs craters located in light terrain (LT) reveal significant heterogeneity in the uppermost portions of icy crust at various locations. DRCs and DHCs in the LT require the presence of at least one layer of dark material. This is the case if the LT is formed by tectonic rifting and graben formation. In contrast, if the LT is formed by tectonic spreading, bright halo and ray craters are expected to form.

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木卫三上的射线和光环撞击坑:解码木卫三地壳结构的指纹
撞击坑是一种独特的工具,不仅可用于推断行星表面的年龄和研究地质过程,还可用于探索地表下的特性。我们利用喷出岩毯作为代用物,深入了解甘耶米德冰壳的地下特征和垂直分层情况。我们利用旅行者号、伽利略号和朱诺号航天器任务期间获取的图像调查了36个突出的射线陨石坑和光环陨石坑。这些陨石坑呈现出不同的特征,包括暗射线、亮射线或它们的组合,既有连续的也有不连续的,还有暗晕和亮晕。暗晕环形山(DHCs)的暗喷出沉积物的径向范围最小,而暗射线环形山(DRCs)的径向范围最大。根据其挖掘深度,黑暗地形中的暗射线环形山厚度小于 2 千米。位于浅地形(LT)的DRCs和DHCs陨石坑揭示了不同位置冰壳最上部的显著异质性。LT中的DRC和DHC要求至少存在一层深色物质。如果LT是由构造断裂和地堑形成的,则属于这种情况。相反,如果LT是由构造扩张形成的,则预计会形成明亮的晕坑和射线坑。
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来源期刊
Earth and Space Science
Earth and Space Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-General Earth and Planetary Sciences
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
3.20%
发文量
285
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Marking AGU’s second new open access journal in the last 12 months, Earth and Space Science is the only journal that reflects the expansive range of science represented by AGU’s 62,000 members, including all of the Earth, planetary, and space sciences, and related fields in environmental science, geoengineering, space engineering, and biogeochemistry.
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