Malus sieversii: a historical, genetic, and conservational perspective of the primary progenitor species of domesticated apples

IF 8.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Horticulture Research Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI:10.1093/hr/uhae244
Richard Tegtmeier, Anže Švara, Dilyara Gritsenko, Awais Khan
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Abstract

Apples are one of the most valued tree fruit crops around the world. Currently, a few highly popular and economically successful apple cultivars dominate the commercial production and serve as main genetic contributors to the development of new apple cultivars. This limited level of genetic diversity, grown as a clonally propagated monoculture renders the apple industry vulnerable to the wide range of weather events, pests, and pathogens. Wild apple species are an excellent source of beneficial alleles for the wide range of biotic and abiotic stressors challenging apple production. However, the biological barriers of breeding with small-fruited wild apples greatly limit their use. Using a closely related wild species of apple such as Malus sieversii can improve the efficiency of breeding efforts and broaden the base of available genetics. M. sieversii is the main progenitor of the domesticated apple, native to Central Asia. The similarity of fruit morphology to domesticated apples and resistances to abiotic and biotic stresses makes it appealing for apple breeding programs. However, this important species is under threat of extinction in its native range. Preserving the wild apple forests in Central Asia is vital for ensuring the sustainable protection of this important genetic resource. The insufficient awareness about the complete range of challenges and opportunities associated with M. sieversii hinders the maximization of its potential benefits. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on the cultural and historical context of M. sieversii, current genetic knowledge for breeding, and the conservation challenges of wild apple forests.
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Malus sieversii:从历史、遗传和保护角度看驯化苹果的主要祖先物种
苹果是全世界最有价值的木本水果作物之一。目前,在商业生产中,少数几个非常受欢迎且在经济上非常成功的苹果栽培品种占主导地位,它们也是开发新苹果栽培品种的主要遗传贡献者。这种以克隆繁殖的单一栽培方式种植的遗传多样性水平有限,使得苹果产业很容易受到各种天气事件、虫害和病原体的影响。对于苹果生产所面临的各种生物和非生物压力,野生苹果物种是有益等位基因的极佳来源。然而,利用小果型野生苹果进行育种的生物障碍极大地限制了它们的使用。利用苹果的近缘野生种(如 Malus sieversii)可以提高育种工作的效率,扩大可用遗传基础。M. sieversii 是原产于中亚的驯化苹果的主要祖先。其果实形态与驯化苹果相似,并能抵抗非生物和生物胁迫,因此对苹果育种计划很有吸引力。然而,这一重要物种在其原产地正面临灭绝的威胁。保护中亚的野生苹果林对于确保这一重要遗传资源的可持续保护至关重要。由于对与 M. sieversii 相关的一系列挑战和机遇认识不足,阻碍了其潜在效益的最大化。本综述旨在提供有关 M. sieversii 的文化和历史背景、当前用于育种的遗传知识以及野生苹果林保护挑战的全面信息。
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来源期刊
Horticulture Research
Horticulture Research Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
6.90%
发文量
367
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Horticulture Research, an open access journal affiliated with Nanjing Agricultural University, has achieved the prestigious ranking of number one in the Horticulture category of the Journal Citation Reports ™ from Clarivate, 2022. As a leading publication in the field, the journal is dedicated to disseminating original research articles, comprehensive reviews, insightful perspectives, thought-provoking comments, and valuable correspondence articles and letters to the editor. Its scope encompasses all vital aspects of horticultural plants and disciplines, such as biotechnology, breeding, cellular and molecular biology, evolution, genetics, inter-species interactions, physiology, and the origination and domestication of crops.
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