Dongbao Li, Wen Yang, Zhiyue Wu, Yonghua Yang, Zhongling Wen, Bo Sun
Timed termination of floral meristem (FM) is crucial for proper development of floral organs and fruits. In Solanum lycopersicum, CLAVATA3 (CLV3)-WUSCHEL (WUS) feedback regulation maintains FM homeostasis in early stage of floral buds. It is known that the zinc finger protein SlKNUCKLES (SlKNU) functions to promote FM determinacy by directly repressing the stem cell identity gene SlWUS. However, how the robust FM activity is suppressed to secure fruit development is not fully understood in tomato. Here, we demonstrate that SlKNU also directly represses the stem cell marker gene SlCLV3 and the receptor gene SlCLV1 for FM determinacy control. Besides, loss-of-function mutants of SlKNU generated by CRISPR-Cas9 show increased fruit size of tomato. Moreover, overexpression of SlKNU attenuates the activities of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and FM in Arabidopsis, but normal carpel development is still maintained. Hence, although the function of KNU in tomato and Arabidopsis may diverge during evolution, the role of KNU for FM determinacy and fruit size control is conserved and may potentially be useful for enhancing fruit yield of tomato.
{"title":"SlKNUCKLES regulates floral meristem activity and controls fruit size in Solanum lycopersicum","authors":"Dongbao Li, Wen Yang, Zhiyue Wu, Yonghua Yang, Zhongling Wen, Bo Sun","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae331","url":null,"abstract":"Timed termination of floral meristem (FM) is crucial for proper development of floral organs and fruits. In Solanum lycopersicum, CLAVATA3 (CLV3)-WUSCHEL (WUS) feedback regulation maintains FM homeostasis in early stage of floral buds. It is known that the zinc finger protein SlKNUCKLES (SlKNU) functions to promote FM determinacy by directly repressing the stem cell identity gene SlWUS. However, how the robust FM activity is suppressed to secure fruit development is not fully understood in tomato. Here, we demonstrate that SlKNU also directly represses the stem cell marker gene SlCLV3 and the receptor gene SlCLV1 for FM determinacy control. Besides, loss-of-function mutants of SlKNU generated by CRISPR-Cas9 show increased fruit size of tomato. Moreover, overexpression of SlKNU attenuates the activities of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and FM in Arabidopsis, but normal carpel development is still maintained. Hence, although the function of KNU in tomato and Arabidopsis may diverge during evolution, the role of KNU for FM determinacy and fruit size control is conserved and may potentially be useful for enhancing fruit yield of tomato.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression/hybridization (IH) are prevalent in nature and thus frequently result in discrepancies within phylogenetic tree topologies, leading to misinterpretation of phylogenomic data. Despite the availability of numerous tools for detecting ILS and IH among species, many of these tools lack effective visualization, or are time-consuming, or require prior predetermination. Here, we addressed these shortcomings by developing a fast-running, user-friendly tool called Phytop. By defining ILS and IH indices to quantify ILS and IH, this tool can detect the extent of ILS and IH among lineages with high reliability, and can visualize them based on the gene tree topology patterns constructed using ASTRAL. We tested Phytop extensively using both simulated and real data, and found that it enables users to quickly and conveniently estimate the extent of ILS and IH, thus clarifying the phylogenetic uncertainty. Phytop is available at https://github.com/zhangrengang/phytop and is expected to contribute to the intuitive and convenient inference of genetic relationships among lineages in future research.
不完全世系分类（ILS）和引种/杂交（IH）在自然界中普遍存在，因此经常导致系统发生树拓扑结构的差异，从而导致对系统发生组数据的误读。尽管有许多工具可以检测物种间的 ILS 和 IH，但其中许多工具缺乏有效的可视化，或耗时长，或需要事先确定。在此，我们开发了一种名为 Phytop 的快速运行、用户友好型工具，以解决这些缺陷。通过定义 ILS 和 IH 指数来量化 ILS 和 IH，该工具可以高可靠性地检测各系间 ILS 和 IH 的程度，并能根据使用 ASTRAL 构建的基因树拓扑模式将其可视化。我们使用模拟数据和真实数据对 Phytop 进行了广泛测试，发现它能让用户快速方便地估计 ILS 和 IH 的程度，从而明确系统发育的不确定性。Phytop 可在 https://github.com/zhangrengang/phytop 上查阅，有望在未来的研究中为直观、方便地推断世系间的遗传关系做出贡献。
{"title":"Phytop: A tool for visualizing and recognizing signals of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization using species trees output from ASTRAL","authors":"Hong-Yun Shang, Kai-Hua Jia, Nai-Wei Li, Min-Jie Zhou, Hao Yang, Xiao-Ling Tian, Yong-Peng Ma, Ren-Gang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae330","url":null,"abstract":"Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression/hybridization (IH) are prevalent in nature and thus frequently result in discrepancies within phylogenetic tree topologies, leading to misinterpretation of phylogenomic data. Despite the availability of numerous tools for detecting ILS and IH among species, many of these tools lack effective visualization, or are time-consuming, or require prior predetermination. Here, we addressed these shortcomings by developing a fast-running, user-friendly tool called Phytop. By defining ILS and IH indices to quantify ILS and IH, this tool can detect the extent of ILS and IH among lineages with high reliability, and can visualize them based on the gene tree topology patterns constructed using ASTRAL. We tested Phytop extensively using both simulated and real data, and found that it enables users to quickly and conveniently estimate the extent of ILS and IH, thus clarifying the phylogenetic uncertainty. Phytop is available at https://github.com/zhangrengang/phytop and is expected to contribute to the intuitive and convenient inference of genetic relationships among lineages in future research.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Ye, Yang Tao, Xiu-Lan Pu, Hong Hu, Jing Chen, Chun-Lin Tan, Xin Tan, Sheng-Hong Li, Yan Liu
The genus Paris, comprising a series of distinctive medicinal plants, has been utilized globally for its therapeutic properties over centuries. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that secondary metabolites from Paris species exhibit significant pharmacological activities, including anticancer, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and other effects. Additionally, the unique morphological traits and large genome size of Paris species have continuously captivated the interest of botanists and horticulturalists. Nonetheless, the conservation of wild Paris populations is threatened due to the lengthy reproductive cycle and overexploitation, posing considerable challenges to their development and sustainable use. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the botanical characteristics, historical medicinal uses, pharmacological effects and toxicity evaluation of secondary metabolites in Paris species. It also covers the molecular biological research conducted on the genus Paris and proposes key research questions and important directions for future solutions. We advocate for the expansion and implementation of multi-omics approaches, as well as molecular and genetic technologies recently advanced in model plant research, to intensively study Paris species. This will facilitate the comprehensive understanding of gene function and molecular mechanisms underlying specialized metabolite formation in Paris.
{"title":"The genus Paris: a fascinating resource for medicinal and botanical studies","authors":"Xiao Ye, Yang Tao, Xiu-Lan Pu, Hong Hu, Jing Chen, Chun-Lin Tan, Xin Tan, Sheng-Hong Li, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae327","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Paris, comprising a series of distinctive medicinal plants, has been utilized globally for its therapeutic properties over centuries. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that secondary metabolites from Paris species exhibit significant pharmacological activities, including anticancer, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and other effects. Additionally, the unique morphological traits and large genome size of Paris species have continuously captivated the interest of botanists and horticulturalists. Nonetheless, the conservation of wild Paris populations is threatened due to the lengthy reproductive cycle and overexploitation, posing considerable challenges to their development and sustainable use. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the botanical characteristics, historical medicinal uses, pharmacological effects and toxicity evaluation of secondary metabolites in Paris species. It also covers the molecular biological research conducted on the genus Paris and proposes key research questions and important directions for future solutions. We advocate for the expansion and implementation of multi-omics approaches, as well as molecular and genetic technologies recently advanced in model plant research, to intensively study Paris species. This will facilitate the comprehensive understanding of gene function and molecular mechanisms underlying specialized metabolite formation in Paris.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jackson Khedia, Abhay Pratap Vishwakarma, Ortal Galsurker, Shira Corem, Suresh Kumar Gupta, Tzahi Arazi
The HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) gene family encodes Type I and II GRAS domain transcriptional regulators in plants. Type II HAMs, predominantly expressed in meristems and regulated by microRNA171, are essential for maintaining undifferentiated meristems, a role conserved across various species. Conversely, the functions of Type I HAMs have been less characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of SlHAM4, a Type I HAM in tomato. CRISPR-induced SlHAM4 loss-of-function mutations (slham4CR) resulted in shoot and fruit abnormalities, which were fully reversed by reintroducing SlHAM4, driven by its native promoter, into the mutant background. Mutant abnormalities included simpler leaves and increased anthocyanin pigmentation in the leaf and sepal primordia, reminiscent of phenotypes observed in certain Arabidopsis mutants with compromised phloem. In addition, slham4CR plants produced significantly smaller fruits with a subset developing catface-like scars, attributed to tears that occurred in the pericarp of setting fruits. Using a GUS reporter gene driven by the native SlHAM4 promoter, we found that SlHAM4 is predominantly expressed in phloem tissues. Consistent with this, transcriptome analysis of mutant anthesis ovaries revealed specific downregulation of genes implicated in phloem development and function, particularly those expressed in companion cells. However, histological analysis showed no obvious abnormalities in phloem vasculature. Taken together, our data suggest that SlHAM4 plays a role in shoot and fruit development likely by regulating genes essential for phloem function.
毛细分生组织（HAM）基因家族编码植物中的 I 型和 II 型 GRAS 结构域转录调节因子。II 型 HAMs 主要在分生组织中表达，并受 microRNA171 的调控，对于维持未分化的分生组织至关重要，这一作用在不同物种中是一致的。相反，I 型 HAMs 的功能特征却不那么明显。在本研究中，我们研究了番茄中 I 型 HAM 的作用。CRISPR诱导的SlHAM4功能缺失突变（slham4CR）会导致芽和果实异常，而将SlHAM4通过其原生启动子重新导入突变体背景可完全逆转这些异常。突变体的异常包括叶片更简单，叶片和萼片基部的花青素色素增加，这让人联想到在某些韧皮部受损的拟南芥突变体中观察到的表型。此外，slham4CR植株结出的果实明显较小，其中一部分出现了猫脸状疤痕，这是由于落果的果皮出现了撕裂。通过使用由本地 SlHAM4 启动子驱动的 GUS 报告基因，我们发现 SlHAM4 主要在韧皮部组织中表达。与此相一致，对突变体花期子房的转录组分析显示，与韧皮部发育和功能有关的基因，特别是伴细胞中表达的基因，出现了特定的下调。然而，组织学分析表明韧皮部血管没有明显异常。总之，我们的数据表明，SlHAM4 可能通过调节韧皮部功能所必需的基因，在嫩枝和果实发育过程中发挥作用。
{"title":"Tomato HAIRY MERISTEM4, expressed in the phloem, is required for proper shoot and fruit development","authors":"Jackson Khedia, Abhay Pratap Vishwakarma, Ortal Galsurker, Shira Corem, Suresh Kumar Gupta, Tzahi Arazi","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae325","url":null,"abstract":"The HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) gene family encodes Type I and II GRAS domain transcriptional regulators in plants. Type II HAMs, predominantly expressed in meristems and regulated by microRNA171, are essential for maintaining undifferentiated meristems, a role conserved across various species. Conversely, the functions of Type I HAMs have been less characterized. In this study, we investigated the role of SlHAM4, a Type I HAM in tomato. CRISPR-induced SlHAM4 loss-of-function mutations (slham4CR) resulted in shoot and fruit abnormalities, which were fully reversed by reintroducing SlHAM4, driven by its native promoter, into the mutant background. Mutant abnormalities included simpler leaves and increased anthocyanin pigmentation in the leaf and sepal primordia, reminiscent of phenotypes observed in certain Arabidopsis mutants with compromised phloem. In addition, slham4CR plants produced significantly smaller fruits with a subset developing catface-like scars, attributed to tears that occurred in the pericarp of setting fruits. Using a GUS reporter gene driven by the native SlHAM4 promoter, we found that SlHAM4 is predominantly expressed in phloem tissues. Consistent with this, transcriptome analysis of mutant anthesis ovaries revealed specific downregulation of genes implicated in phloem development and function, particularly those expressed in companion cells. However, histological analysis showed no obvious abnormalities in phloem vasculature. Taken together, our data suggest that SlHAM4 plays a role in shoot and fruit development likely by regulating genes essential for phloem function.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinxuan Wang, Xin Wang, Bo Ma, Pingsheng Leng, Jing Wu, Zenghui Hu
The fading of flower color is caused by changes of anthocyanin content during flower development in many plants, including lilac (Syringa oblata). However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of this phenomenon is still poorly understood. UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) has a pivotal role in the formation of stable anthocyanins. Here, SoUFGT1 and three transcription factors, SoMYB44, SobHLH130, and SoNAC72, were identified and verified to participate in anthocyanin production in lilac. Overexpressing SoMYB44 promoted SoUFGT1 expression in lilac petals. The yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC) assays demonstrated that SoMYB44 activated SoUFGT1, thereby bolstering anthocyanin accumulation. The overexpression and silencing of SoNAC72 in petals revealed that it facilitated anthocyanin accumulation. The Y1H and Dual-LUC assays verified that SoNAC72 was capable of directly binding to the SoMYB44 promoter to activate the latter’s expression. In addition, SobHLH130 was also displayed to mediate anthocyanin accumulation in petals. By using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, the interaction between SoMYB44 and SobHLH130 was confirmed. These results corroborated that SoNAC72 regulates SoMYB44 expression, and SoMYB44 interacts with SobHLH130 to trigger SoUFGT1 expression in lilac, which then contributes to their anthocyanin accumulation. In sum, along with lilac flower development, the lower expression of SoNAC72 and SobHLH130 reduces SoMYB44 transcripts and depresses transcriptional regulation of SoUFGT1, thus diminishing anthocyanin biosynthesis, leading to the fading of petal color. These study’s findings provide valuable new insight for understanding the formation and regulatory mechanisms of flower color in lilac.
{"title":"SoNAC72-SoMYB44/SobHLH130 module contributes to flower color fading via regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis by directly binding to the SoUFGT1 promoter in lilac (Syringa oblata)","authors":"Jinxuan Wang, Xin Wang, Bo Ma, Pingsheng Leng, Jing Wu, Zenghui Hu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae326","url":null,"abstract":"The fading of flower color is caused by changes of anthocyanin content during flower development in many plants, including lilac (Syringa oblata). However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of this phenomenon is still poorly understood. UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) has a pivotal role in the formation of stable anthocyanins. Here, SoUFGT1 and three transcription factors, SoMYB44, SobHLH130, and SoNAC72, were identified and verified to participate in anthocyanin production in lilac. Overexpressing SoMYB44 promoted SoUFGT1 expression in lilac petals. The yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and dual-luciferase (Dual-LUC) assays demonstrated that SoMYB44 activated SoUFGT1, thereby bolstering anthocyanin accumulation. The overexpression and silencing of SoNAC72 in petals revealed that it facilitated anthocyanin accumulation. The Y1H and Dual-LUC assays verified that SoNAC72 was capable of directly binding to the SoMYB44 promoter to activate the latter’s expression. In addition, SobHLH130 was also displayed to mediate anthocyanin accumulation in petals. By using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, the interaction between SoMYB44 and SobHLH130 was confirmed. These results corroborated that SoNAC72 regulates SoMYB44 expression, and SoMYB44 interacts with SobHLH130 to trigger SoUFGT1 expression in lilac, which then contributes to their anthocyanin accumulation. In sum, along with lilac flower development, the lower expression of SoNAC72 and SobHLH130 reduces SoMYB44 transcripts and depresses transcriptional regulation of SoUFGT1, thus diminishing anthocyanin biosynthesis, leading to the fading of petal color. These study’s findings provide valuable new insight for understanding the formation and regulatory mechanisms of flower color in lilac.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michaela Jung, Carles Quesada-Traver, Morgane Roth, Maria José Aranzana, Hélène Muranty, Marijn Rymenants, Walter Guerra, Elias Holzknecht, Nicole Pradas, Lidia Lozano, Frédérique Didelot, François Laurens, Steven Yates, Bruno Studer, Giovanni A L Broggini, Andrea Patocchi
Genomic prediction for multiple environments can aid the selection of genotypes suited to specific soil and climate conditions. Methodological advances allow effective integration of phenotypic, genomic (additive, non-additive), and large-scale environmental (enviromic) data into multi-environmental genomic prediction models. These models can also account for genotype-by-environment interaction, utilize alternative relationship matrices (kernels), or substitute statistical approaches with deep learning. However, the application of multi-environmental genomic prediction in apple remained limited, likely due to the challenge of building multi-environmental datasets and structurally complex models. Here, we applied efficient statistical and deep learning models for multi-environmental genomic prediction of eleven apple traits with contrasting genetic architectures by integrating genomic- and enviromic-based model components. Incorporating genotype-by-environment interaction effects into statistical models improved predictive ability by up to 0.08 for nine traits compared to the benchmark model. This outcome, based on Gaussian and Deep kernels, shows these alternatives can effectively substitute the standard G-BLUP. Including non-additive and enviromic-based effects resulted in a predictive ability very similar to the benchmark model. The deep learning approach achieved the highest predictive ability for three traits with oligogenic genetic architectures, outperforming the benchmark by up to 0.10. Our results demonstrate that the tested statistical models capture genotype-by-environment interactions particularly well, and the deep learning models efficiently integrate data from diverse sources. This study will foster the adoption of multi-environmental genomic prediction to select apple cultivars adapted to diverse environmental conditions, providing an opportunity to address climate change impacts.
{"title":"Integrative multi-environmental genomic prediction in apple","authors":"Michaela Jung, Carles Quesada-Traver, Morgane Roth, Maria José Aranzana, Hélène Muranty, Marijn Rymenants, Walter Guerra, Elias Holzknecht, Nicole Pradas, Lidia Lozano, Frédérique Didelot, François Laurens, Steven Yates, Bruno Studer, Giovanni A L Broggini, Andrea Patocchi","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae319","url":null,"abstract":"Genomic prediction for multiple environments can aid the selection of genotypes suited to specific soil and climate conditions. Methodological advances allow effective integration of phenotypic, genomic (additive, non-additive), and large-scale environmental (enviromic) data into multi-environmental genomic prediction models. These models can also account for genotype-by-environment interaction, utilize alternative relationship matrices (kernels), or substitute statistical approaches with deep learning. However, the application of multi-environmental genomic prediction in apple remained limited, likely due to the challenge of building multi-environmental datasets and structurally complex models. Here, we applied efficient statistical and deep learning models for multi-environmental genomic prediction of eleven apple traits with contrasting genetic architectures by integrating genomic- and enviromic-based model components. Incorporating genotype-by-environment interaction effects into statistical models improved predictive ability by up to 0.08 for nine traits compared to the benchmark model. This outcome, based on Gaussian and Deep kernels, shows these alternatives can effectively substitute the standard G-BLUP. Including non-additive and enviromic-based effects resulted in a predictive ability very similar to the benchmark model. The deep learning approach achieved the highest predictive ability for three traits with oligogenic genetic architectures, outperforming the benchmark by up to 0.10. Our results demonstrate that the tested statistical models capture genotype-by-environment interactions particularly well, and the deep learning models efficiently integrate data from diverse sources. This study will foster the adoption of multi-environmental genomic prediction to select apple cultivars adapted to diverse environmental conditions, providing an opportunity to address climate change impacts.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fen Xiang, Yi Su, Lingyun Zhou, Cuiting Dai, Xuan Jin, Hongyan Liu, Weigui Luo, Wenbo Yang, Wei Li
Theanine is a crucial indicator of tea quality, its significance is closely tied to the economic value of tea. There were many reports on the regulation mechanism of theanine synthesis and accumulation, but the mechanism of gibberellin regulates theanine synthesis in tea plants is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that the content of theanine experiences significant changed in the growth stages of tea shoots, displayed a strong correlation with gibberellin. This study confirmed that gibberellin significantly promoted the expression of the major gene of theanine synthesis, known as CsTSI. Additionally, the study identified CsWRKY71, a transcription factor mediated the regulation of gibberellin on theanine synthesis in tea plants. CsWRKY71 was localized in the nucleus and had a typical WRKY domain. It was a member of class IIC sub- and its expression was significantly suppressed following exogenous GA3 treatment. Further assay such as EMSA, dual luciferase and asODN interfering demonstrated that CsWRKY71 significantly interacted with the promoter of CsTSI, which inhibited theanine synthesis by binding to the cis-acting element (C/T)TGAC(T/C) of CsTSI promoter. Overall, the addition of exogenous gibberellin alleviated the inhibition of CsTSI by down-regulating the expression of CsWRKY71, ultimately facilitated the rapid biosynthesis of theanine. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism of CsWRKY71 mediated gibberellin regulation of theanine synthesis in tea plant. The findings not only enhance our understanding of the regulatory processes involved in theanine synthesis in tea plants, but also provide important references for maintaining the characteristics of high theanine in tea plant.
{"title":"Gibberellin promotes theanine synthesis by relieving the inhibition of CsWRKY71 on CsTSI in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)","authors":"Fen Xiang, Yi Su, Lingyun Zhou, Cuiting Dai, Xuan Jin, Hongyan Liu, Weigui Luo, Wenbo Yang, Wei Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae317","url":null,"abstract":"Theanine is a crucial indicator of tea quality, its significance is closely tied to the economic value of tea. There were many reports on the regulation mechanism of theanine synthesis and accumulation, but the mechanism of gibberellin regulates theanine synthesis in tea plants is poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that the content of theanine experiences significant changed in the growth stages of tea shoots, displayed a strong correlation with gibberellin. This study confirmed that gibberellin significantly promoted the expression of the major gene of theanine synthesis, known as CsTSI. Additionally, the study identified CsWRKY71, a transcription factor mediated the regulation of gibberellin on theanine synthesis in tea plants. CsWRKY71 was localized in the nucleus and had a typical WRKY domain. It was a member of class IIC sub- and its expression was significantly suppressed following exogenous GA3 treatment. Further assay such as EMSA, dual luciferase and asODN interfering demonstrated that CsWRKY71 significantly interacted with the promoter of CsTSI, which inhibited theanine synthesis by binding to the cis-acting element (C/T)TGAC(T/C) of CsTSI promoter. Overall, the addition of exogenous gibberellin alleviated the inhibition of CsTSI by down-regulating the expression of CsWRKY71, ultimately facilitated the rapid biosynthesis of theanine. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism of CsWRKY71 mediated gibberellin regulation of theanine synthesis in tea plant. The findings not only enhance our understanding of the regulatory processes involved in theanine synthesis in tea plants, but also provide important references for maintaining the characteristics of high theanine in tea plant.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although it is well-established that ethylene and light stimulate the process of chlorophyll degradation in mature apple peels, there is still a need for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process. This study identified MdEIL1 and MdHY5 as promoters of the chlorophyll degradation pathway in apple peels, activated by ethylene and light. Physiological and molecular tests demonstrated that MdEIL1 and MdHY5 are responsible for activating the expression of genes associated with chlorophyll degradation, including MdERF17, MdNYC1, MdPPH and MdPAO. Furthermore, the interaction between MdEIL1 and MdHY5 proteins enhances their regulatory activity on the target gene MdERF17. Moreover, MdEIL1 binds to the promoter of MdHY5, resulting in the upregulation of its expression, which is further enhanced in the presence of the MdEIL1-MdHY5 protein complex. These findings indicate that MdEIL1-MdHY5 module acts as positive regulator mediating ethylene and light signals that promote chlorophyll degradation in apple peels.
{"title":"Transcription factors MdEIL1 and MdHY5 integrate ethylene and light signaling to promote chlorophyll degradation in mature apple peels","authors":"Li-Xian Li, San-Kui Yang, Yue Fang, Zhi-Meng Wu, Hua-Ying Ma, Shuo Wang, Dan Li, Shou-Qian Feng","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae324","url":null,"abstract":"Although it is well-established that ethylene and light stimulate the process of chlorophyll degradation in mature apple peels, there is still a need for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process. This study identified MdEIL1 and MdHY5 as promoters of the chlorophyll degradation pathway in apple peels, activated by ethylene and light. Physiological and molecular tests demonstrated that MdEIL1 and MdHY5 are responsible for activating the expression of genes associated with chlorophyll degradation, including MdERF17, MdNYC1, MdPPH and MdPAO. Furthermore, the interaction between MdEIL1 and MdHY5 proteins enhances their regulatory activity on the target gene MdERF17. Moreover, MdEIL1 binds to the promoter of MdHY5, resulting in the upregulation of its expression, which is further enhanced in the presence of the MdEIL1-MdHY5 protein complex. These findings indicate that MdEIL1-MdHY5 module acts as positive regulator mediating ethylene and light signals that promote chlorophyll degradation in apple peels.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicolás P Jiménez, Marta Bjornson, Randi A Famula, Dominique D A Pincot, Michael A Hardigan, Mary A Madera, Cindy M Lopez Ramirez, Glenn S Cole, Mitchell J Feldmann, Steven J Knapp
Wildtype fruit of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) are typically soft and highly perishable when fully ripe. The development of firm-fruited cultivars by phenotypic selection has greatly increased shelf life, decreased post-harvest perishability, and driven the expansion of strawberry production worldwide. Hypotheses for the firm-fruited phenotype include mutations affecting the expression of genes encoding polygalacturonases that soften fruit by degrading cell wall pectins. Here we show that loss-of-function mutations in the fruit softening gene POLYGALACTURONASE1 (FaPG1; PG1-6A1) double fruit firmness in strawberry. PG1-6A1 was one of three tandemly duplicated polygalacturonase genes found to be in linkage disequilibrium with a quantitative trait locus affecting fruit firmness on chromosome 6A. PG1-6A1 was strongly expressed in soft-fruited (wildtype) homozygotes and weakly expressed in firm-fruited (mutant) homozygotes. Genome-wide association, quantitative trait transcript, DNA sequence, and expression-QTL analyses identified genetic variants in linkage disequilibrium with PG1-6A1 that were positively correlated with fruit firmness and negatively correlated with PG1-6A1 expression. An Enhancer/Suppressor-mutator (En/Spm) transposable element insertion was discovered upstream of PG1-6A1 in mutant homozygotes that we hypothesize transcriptionally downegulates the expression of PG1-6A1. The PG1-6A1 locus was incompletely dominant and explained 26-76% of the genetic variance for fruit firmness among phenotypically diverse individuals. Additional loci are hypothesized to underlie the missing heritability. Highly accurate codominant genotyping assays were developed for modifying fruit firmness by marker-assisted selection of the En/Spm insertion and SNPs associated with the PG1-6A1 locus.
{"title":"Loss-of-Function Mutations in the Fruit Softening Gene POLYGALACTURONASE1 Doubled Fruit Firmness in Strawberry","authors":"Nicolás P Jiménez, Marta Bjornson, Randi A Famula, Dominique D A Pincot, Michael A Hardigan, Mary A Madera, Cindy M Lopez Ramirez, Glenn S Cole, Mitchell J Feldmann, Steven J Knapp","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae315","url":null,"abstract":"Wildtype fruit of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) are typically soft and highly perishable when fully ripe. The development of firm-fruited cultivars by phenotypic selection has greatly increased shelf life, decreased post-harvest perishability, and driven the expansion of strawberry production worldwide. Hypotheses for the firm-fruited phenotype include mutations affecting the expression of genes encoding polygalacturonases that soften fruit by degrading cell wall pectins. Here we show that loss-of-function mutations in the fruit softening gene POLYGALACTURONASE1 (FaPG1; PG1-6A1) double fruit firmness in strawberry. PG1-6A1 was one of three tandemly duplicated polygalacturonase genes found to be in linkage disequilibrium with a quantitative trait locus affecting fruit firmness on chromosome 6A. PG1-6A1 was strongly expressed in soft-fruited (wildtype) homozygotes and weakly expressed in firm-fruited (mutant) homozygotes. Genome-wide association, quantitative trait transcript, DNA sequence, and expression-QTL analyses identified genetic variants in linkage disequilibrium with PG1-6A1 that were positively correlated with fruit firmness and negatively correlated with PG1-6A1 expression. An Enhancer/Suppressor-mutator (En/Spm) transposable element insertion was discovered upstream of PG1-6A1 in mutant homozygotes that we hypothesize transcriptionally downegulates the expression of PG1-6A1. The PG1-6A1 locus was incompletely dominant and explained 26-76% of the genetic variance for fruit firmness among phenotypically diverse individuals. Additional loci are hypothesized to underlie the missing heritability. Highly accurate codominant genotyping assays were developed for modifying fruit firmness by marker-assisted selection of the En/Spm insertion and SNPs associated with the PG1-6A1 locus.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potassium (K) availability in plant cells is critical for maintaining plant productivity across many terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, there is no comprehensive assessment of the mechanisms by which plants respond to potassium application in such conditions, despite the global challenge of escalating osmotic stress. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis using data from 2381 paired observations to investigate plant responses to potassium application across various morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters under both osmotic and non-osmotic stress. Globally, our results showed the significant effectiveness of potassium application in promoting plant productivity (e.g., +12~30% in total dry weight), elevating photosynthesis (+12~30%), and alleviating osmotic damage (e.g., -19~26% in malonaldehyde), particularly under osmotic stress. Moreover, we found evidence of interactive effects between osmotic stress and potassium on plant traits, which were more pronounced under drought than salt stress, and more evident in C3 than C4 plants. Our synthesis verifies a global potassium control over osmotic stress, and further offers valuable insights into its management and utilization in agriculture and restoration efforts.
{"title":"Applied potassium negates osmotic stress impacts on plant physiological processes: a meta-analysis","authors":"Linxing Zhu, Yuming Sun, Rongfeng Wang, Jixing Zeng, Jia Li, Mengting Huang, Min Wang, Qirong Shen, Shiwei Guo","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae318","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium (K) availability in plant cells is critical for maintaining plant productivity across many terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, there is no comprehensive assessment of the mechanisms by which plants respond to potassium application in such conditions, despite the global challenge of escalating osmotic stress. Herein, we conducted a meta-analysis using data from 2381 paired observations to investigate plant responses to potassium application across various morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters under both osmotic and non-osmotic stress. Globally, our results showed the significant effectiveness of potassium application in promoting plant productivity (e.g., +12~30% in total dry weight), elevating photosynthesis (+12~30%), and alleviating osmotic damage (e.g., -19~26% in malonaldehyde), particularly under osmotic stress. Moreover, we found evidence of interactive effects between osmotic stress and potassium on plant traits, which were more pronounced under drought than salt stress, and more evident in C3 than C4 plants. Our synthesis verifies a global potassium control over osmotic stress, and further offers valuable insights into its management and utilization in agriculture and restoration efforts.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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