Juliana Cromie, Ryan P Cullen, Camila Ferreira Azevedo, Luis Felipe V Ferrão, Felix Enciso-Rodriguez, Juliana Benevenuto, Patricio R Muñoz
Parthenocarpy is a desirable trait that enables fruit set in the absence of fertilization. While blueberries typically depend on pollination for optimal yield, certain genotypes can produce seedless fruits through facultative parthenocarpy, eliminating the need for pollination. However, the development of parthenocarpic cultivars has remained limited by the challenge of evaluating large breeding populations. Thus, establishing molecular breeding tools can greatly accelerate genetic gain for this trait. In the present study, we evaluated two blueberry breeding populations for parthenocarpic fruit set and performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify markers and candidate genes associated with parthenocarpy. We also compared the predictive ability (PA) of three molecular breeding approaches, including i) genomic selection (GS); ii) GS de novo GWAS (GSdnGWAS), which incorporates significant GWAS markers into the GS model as prior information; and iii) in-silico marker-assisted selection (MAS), where markers from GWAS were fitted as fixed effects with no addition marker information. GWAS analyses identified 55 marker-trait associations, revealing candidate genes related to phytohormones, cell cycle regulation, and seed development. Predictive analysis showed that GSdnGWAS consistently outperformed GS and MAS, with PAs ranging from 0.21 to 0.36 depending on the population of study and the specific markers utilized. MAS showed PAs comparable to GS in some cases, suggesting it could be a cost-effective alternative to genome-wide sequencing. Together, these findings demonstrate that molecular breeding techniques can be used to improve facultative parthenocarpy, offering new avenues to develop high-yielding blueberry varieties that are less reliant on pollination.
{"title":"Genomic prediction and association analyses for breeding parthenocarpic blueberries","authors":"Juliana Cromie, Ryan P Cullen, Camila Ferreira Azevedo, Luis Felipe V Ferrão, Felix Enciso-Rodriguez, Juliana Benevenuto, Patricio R Muñoz","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf086","url":null,"abstract":"Parthenocarpy is a desirable trait that enables fruit set in the absence of fertilization. While blueberries typically depend on pollination for optimal yield, certain genotypes can produce seedless fruits through facultative parthenocarpy, eliminating the need for pollination. However, the development of parthenocarpic cultivars has remained limited by the challenge of evaluating large breeding populations. Thus, establishing molecular breeding tools can greatly accelerate genetic gain for this trait. In the present study, we evaluated two blueberry breeding populations for parthenocarpic fruit set and performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify markers and candidate genes associated with parthenocarpy. We also compared the predictive ability (PA) of three molecular breeding approaches, including i) genomic selection (GS); ii) GS de novo GWAS (GSdnGWAS), which incorporates significant GWAS markers into the GS model as prior information; and iii) in-silico marker-assisted selection (MAS), where markers from GWAS were fitted as fixed effects with no addition marker information. GWAS analyses identified 55 marker-trait associations, revealing candidate genes related to phytohormones, cell cycle regulation, and seed development. Predictive analysis showed that GSdnGWAS consistently outperformed GS and MAS, with PAs ranging from 0.21 to 0.36 depending on the population of study and the specific markers utilized. MAS showed PAs comparable to GS in some cases, suggesting it could be a cost-effective alternative to genome-wide sequencing. Together, these findings demonstrate that molecular breeding techniques can be used to improve facultative parthenocarpy, offering new avenues to develop high-yielding blueberry varieties that are less reliant on pollination.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cold stress poses a significant threat to viticulture, particularly under the increasing pressures of climate change. In this study, we identified VaMIEL1, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase from Vitis amurensis, as a negative regulator of cold tolerance. Under normal temperature conditions, VaMIEL1 facilitates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the cold-responsive transcription factor VaMYB4a, thereby attenuating its regulatory role in the CBF-COR signaling cascade. However, under cold stress, VaMIEL1 expression is downregulated, leading to the stabilization of VaMYB4a and the activation of CBF-COR signaling.Through a combination of biochemical assays and functional analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana and grapevine calli, we demonstrate that VaMIEL1 overexpression reduces cold tolerance, as evidenced by increased oxidative stress, excessive ROS accumulation, and downregulated expression of cold-responsive genes. Conversely, silencing of VaMIEL1 enhances cold tolerance by stabilizing VaMYB4a and boosting antioxidant defenses. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism by which VaMIEL1 modulates cold tolerance through transcriptional and oxidative stress pathways, offering potential targets for the development of climate-resilient grapevine cultivars and other crops.
{"title":"VaMIEL1-Mediated Ubiquitination of VaMYB4a Orchestrates Cold Tolerance through Integrated Transcriptional and Oxidative Stress Pathways in Grapevine","authors":"Yaping Xie, Kai Lv, Qinhan Yu, Jieping Wu, Junxia Zhang, Huixian Zhao, Junduo Li, Ningbo Zhang, Weirong Xu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf093","url":null,"abstract":"Cold stress poses a significant threat to viticulture, particularly under the increasing pressures of climate change. In this study, we identified VaMIEL1, a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase from Vitis amurensis, as a negative regulator of cold tolerance. Under normal temperature conditions, VaMIEL1 facilitates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the cold-responsive transcription factor VaMYB4a, thereby attenuating its regulatory role in the CBF-COR signaling cascade. However, under cold stress, VaMIEL1 expression is downregulated, leading to the stabilization of VaMYB4a and the activation of CBF-COR signaling.Through a combination of biochemical assays and functional analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana and grapevine calli, we demonstrate that VaMIEL1 overexpression reduces cold tolerance, as evidenced by increased oxidative stress, excessive ROS accumulation, and downregulated expression of cold-responsive genes. Conversely, silencing of VaMIEL1 enhances cold tolerance by stabilizing VaMYB4a and boosting antioxidant defenses. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism by which VaMIEL1 modulates cold tolerance through transcriptional and oxidative stress pathways, offering potential targets for the development of climate-resilient grapevine cultivars and other crops.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liman Zhang, Hongtai Li, Ximeng Wei, Yuanyuan Li, Zhiguo Liu, Mengjun Liu, Weijie Huang, Huibin Wang, Jin Zhao
Lignin is a major component of the plant cell wall and has a conserved basic defence function in higher plants, helping the plants cope with pathogen infection. However, the regulatory mechanism of lignin biosynthesis in plants under phytoplasma stress remains unclear. In this study, we reported that peroxidase 51 (ZjPOD51), which is involved in lignin monomer polymerization, was induced by phytoplasma infection and that overexpression of ZjPOD51 in phytoplasma-infected jujube seedlings and Arabidopsis plants significantly increased their defence response against phytoplasma. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and luciferase (LUC) assays showed that ZjPOD51 transcription was directly upregulated by ZjMYB44. Genetic validation demonstrated that ZjMYB44 expression was also induced by phytoplasma infection and contributed to lignin accumulation, which consequently enhanced phytoplasma defence in a ZjPOD51-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that the ZjMYB44-ZjPOD51 module enhanced the jujube defence response against phytoplasma by upregulating lignin biosynthesis. Overall, our study first elucidates how plants regulate lignin to enhance their defence response against phytoplasma and provides clues for jujube resistance breeding.
{"title":"The ZjMYB44-ZjPOD51 module enhances jujube defence response against phytoplasma by upregulating lignin biosynthesis","authors":"Liman Zhang, Hongtai Li, Ximeng Wei, Yuanyuan Li, Zhiguo Liu, Mengjun Liu, Weijie Huang, Huibin Wang, Jin Zhao","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf083","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin is a major component of the plant cell wall and has a conserved basic defence function in higher plants, helping the plants cope with pathogen infection. However, the regulatory mechanism of lignin biosynthesis in plants under phytoplasma stress remains unclear. In this study, we reported that peroxidase 51 (ZjPOD51), which is involved in lignin monomer polymerization, was induced by phytoplasma infection and that overexpression of ZjPOD51 in phytoplasma-infected jujube seedlings and Arabidopsis plants significantly increased their defence response against phytoplasma. Yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and luciferase (LUC) assays showed that ZjPOD51 transcription was directly upregulated by ZjMYB44. Genetic validation demonstrated that ZjMYB44 expression was also induced by phytoplasma infection and contributed to lignin accumulation, which consequently enhanced phytoplasma defence in a ZjPOD51-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that the ZjMYB44-ZjPOD51 module enhanced the jujube defence response against phytoplasma by upregulating lignin biosynthesis. Overall, our study first elucidates how plants regulate lignin to enhance their defence response against phytoplasma and provides clues for jujube resistance breeding.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongliang Hu, Xingxing Yuan, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Tao Yang, Xinyi Wu, Ranran Wu, Zehao Liu, Farkhandah Jan, Reyazul Rouf Mir, Liu Liu, Jiashun Miao, Na Liu, Pei Xu
Food legume crops, including common bean, faba bean, mungbean, cowpea, chickpea, and pea, have long served as vital sources of energy, protein, and minerals worldwide, both as grains and vegetables. Advancements in high-throughput phenotyping, next-generation sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have significantly expanded genomic resources for food legumes, ushering research into the panomics era. Despite their nutritional and agronomic importance, food legumes still face constraints in yield potential and genetic improvement due to limited genomic resources, complex inheritance patterns, and insufficient exploration of key traits such as quality and stress resistance. This highlights the need for continued efforts to comprehensively dissect the phenome, genome, and regulome of these crops. This review summarizes recent advances in technological innovations and multi-omics applications in food legumes research and improvement. Given the critical role of germplasm resources and the challenges in applying phenomics to food legumes—such as complex trait architecture and limited standardized methodologies—we first address these foundational areas. We then discuss recent gene discoveries associated with yield stability, seed composition, and stress tolerance and their potential as breeding targets. Considering the growing role of genetic engineering, we provide an update on gene-editing applications in legumes, particularly CRISPR-based approaches for trait enhancement. We advocate for integrating chemical and biochemical signatures of cells ('molecular phenomics') with genetic mapping to accelerate gene discovery. We anticipate that combining panomics approaches with advanced breeding technologies will accelerate genetic gains in food legumes, enhancing their productivity, resilience, and contribution to sustainable global food security.
{"title":"A Panomics-Driven Framework for the Improvement of Major Food Legume Crops: Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects","authors":"Hongliang Hu, Xingxing Yuan, Dinesh Kumar Saini, Tao Yang, Xinyi Wu, Ranran Wu, Zehao Liu, Farkhandah Jan, Reyazul Rouf Mir, Liu Liu, Jiashun Miao, Na Liu, Pei Xu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf091","url":null,"abstract":"Food legume crops, including common bean, faba bean, mungbean, cowpea, chickpea, and pea, have long served as vital sources of energy, protein, and minerals worldwide, both as grains and vegetables. Advancements in high-throughput phenotyping, next-generation sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have significantly expanded genomic resources for food legumes, ushering research into the panomics era. Despite their nutritional and agronomic importance, food legumes still face constraints in yield potential and genetic improvement due to limited genomic resources, complex inheritance patterns, and insufficient exploration of key traits such as quality and stress resistance. This highlights the need for continued efforts to comprehensively dissect the phenome, genome, and regulome of these crops. This review summarizes recent advances in technological innovations and multi-omics applications in food legumes research and improvement. Given the critical role of germplasm resources and the challenges in applying phenomics to food legumes—such as complex trait architecture and limited standardized methodologies—we first address these foundational areas. We then discuss recent gene discoveries associated with yield stability, seed composition, and stress tolerance and their potential as breeding targets. Considering the growing role of genetic engineering, we provide an update on gene-editing applications in legumes, particularly CRISPR-based approaches for trait enhancement. We advocate for integrating chemical and biochemical signatures of cells ('molecular phenomics') with genetic mapping to accelerate gene discovery. We anticipate that combining panomics approaches with advanced breeding technologies will accelerate genetic gains in food legumes, enhancing their productivity, resilience, and contribution to sustainable global food security.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ke Cheng, Duo Lin, Liqun Ma, Yao Lu, Jinyan Li, Guoning Zhu, Tao Lin, Guiqin Qu, Benzhong Zhu, Daqi Fu, Yunbo Luo, Hongliang Zhu
Fleshy fruits are vital to the human diet, providing essential nutrients such as sugars, organic acids, and dietary fibers. RNA-binding proteins play critical functions in plant development and environment adaption, but their specific contributions to fruit development remain largely unexplored. In this study, we centered on the function of SlRBP1 in tomato fruit and reported an unexpected finding that SlRBP1 controls fruit size by regulating its targets SlFBA7 and SlGPIMT. Here, the fruit-specific silencing of SlRBP1 was achieved by artificial miRNA which subsequently led to a marked reduction of fruit size. Cytological analysis suggested that SlRBP1 silencing decreased cell division and expansion of fruit pericarp. Those key genes involved in cell development were significantly repressed in SlRBP1 knock-down mutants. Furthermore, native RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing deciphered 83 SlRBP1-binding target RNAs in fruit, including two targets that are highly expressed in fruit: SlFBA7 and SlGPIMT, which are involved in developing fruit. Indeed, silencing either SlFBA7 or SlGPIMT resulted in fruit size reduction identical to that seen with SlRBP1 silencing. These results suggest that SlRBP1 modulates fruit size through its targets SlFBA7 and SlGPIMT. Our findings provide novel perspectives on the molecular mechanisms though which RNA-binding proteins control fruit size.
{"title":"A SlRBP1-SlFBA7/SlGPIMT module regulates fruit size in tomato","authors":"Ke Cheng, Duo Lin, Liqun Ma, Yao Lu, Jinyan Li, Guoning Zhu, Tao Lin, Guiqin Qu, Benzhong Zhu, Daqi Fu, Yunbo Luo, Hongliang Zhu","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf089","url":null,"abstract":"Fleshy fruits are vital to the human diet, providing essential nutrients such as sugars, organic acids, and dietary fibers. RNA-binding proteins play critical functions in plant development and environment adaption, but their specific contributions to fruit development remain largely unexplored. In this study, we centered on the function of SlRBP1 in tomato fruit and reported an unexpected finding that SlRBP1 controls fruit size by regulating its targets SlFBA7 and SlGPIMT. Here, the fruit-specific silencing of SlRBP1 was achieved by artificial miRNA which subsequently led to a marked reduction of fruit size. Cytological analysis suggested that SlRBP1 silencing decreased cell division and expansion of fruit pericarp. Those key genes involved in cell development were significantly repressed in SlRBP1 knock-down mutants. Furthermore, native RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing deciphered 83 SlRBP1-binding target RNAs in fruit, including two targets that are highly expressed in fruit: SlFBA7 and SlGPIMT, which are involved in developing fruit. Indeed, silencing either SlFBA7 or SlGPIMT resulted in fruit size reduction identical to that seen with SlRBP1 silencing. These results suggest that SlRBP1 modulates fruit size through its targets SlFBA7 and SlGPIMT. Our findings provide novel perspectives on the molecular mechanisms though which RNA-binding proteins control fruit size.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunxia Sun, Limin Hu, Junrey C Amas, William J W Thomas, Lihui Wang, Xian Wang, Wei Wang, Gaoyang Qu, Xiaoxiao Shen, Ruiqin Ji, Jacqueline Batley, Chuchuan Fan, Yugang Wang
Lobed leaves are advantageous for gas exchange, canopy architecture and high-density planting, however, the genetic mechanisms of leaf lobe formation in Brassica crops remains poorly understood. Here, lob10.1, our previously identified major QTL controlling the presence/absence of leaf lobes in B. rapa (AA), was fine-mapped to a confidence interval of 69.8 kb. REDUCED COMPLEXITY ORGAN (BrRCO, BraA10g032440.3c), a homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD ZIP I) transcription factor, was predicted to be the most likely candidate gene underlying lob10.1. Null mutations of BrRCO by CRISPR/Cas9 in the lobed-leaf parent RcBr and over-expression in the counter-part near isogenic lines (NILRcBr) leads to entire and lobed leaves, respectively. Analysis of the gene evolution revealed that A10. RCO functions as a core gene and was generally negatively selected in B. rapa. Moreover, BrRCO function as a negative regulator by directly binding to promoters of BrACP5 and repressing its expression. The function of ACID PHOSPHATASE TYPE 5 (BrACP5) was subsequently confirmed as VIGS-BrACP5 produced entire leaves in RcBr. This study identified the core gene BrRCO to be involved in the development of leaf lobes in B. rapa and elucidated a new pathway for leaf lobe formation by the BrRCO-BrACP5 module. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the formation of leaf lobes in Brassica crops.
{"title":"BrRCO promotes leaf lobe formation by repressing BrACP5 expression in Brassica rapa","authors":"Yunxia Sun, Limin Hu, Junrey C Amas, William J W Thomas, Lihui Wang, Xian Wang, Wei Wang, Gaoyang Qu, Xiaoxiao Shen, Ruiqin Ji, Jacqueline Batley, Chuchuan Fan, Yugang Wang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf084","url":null,"abstract":"Lobed leaves are advantageous for gas exchange, canopy architecture and high-density planting, however, the genetic mechanisms of leaf lobe formation in Brassica crops remains poorly understood. Here, lob10.1, our previously identified major QTL controlling the presence/absence of leaf lobes in B. rapa (AA), was fine-mapped to a confidence interval of 69.8 kb. REDUCED COMPLEXITY ORGAN (BrRCO, BraA10g032440.3c), a homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD ZIP I) transcription factor, was predicted to be the most likely candidate gene underlying lob10.1. Null mutations of BrRCO by CRISPR/Cas9 in the lobed-leaf parent RcBr and over-expression in the counter-part near isogenic lines (NILRcBr) leads to entire and lobed leaves, respectively. Analysis of the gene evolution revealed that A10. RCO functions as a core gene and was generally negatively selected in B. rapa. Moreover, BrRCO function as a negative regulator by directly binding to promoters of BrACP5 and repressing its expression. The function of ACID PHOSPHATASE TYPE 5 (BrACP5) was subsequently confirmed as VIGS-BrACP5 produced entire leaves in RcBr. This study identified the core gene BrRCO to be involved in the development of leaf lobes in B. rapa and elucidated a new pathway for leaf lobe formation by the BrRCO-BrACP5 module. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the formation of leaf lobes in Brassica crops.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are the two most important phytohormones in plant immunity. While SA plays pivotal roles in local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against biotrophic pathogens. JA, on the other hand, contributes to defense against necrotrophic pathogens, herbivores, and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Over the past 30 years, extensive research has elucidated the biosynthesis, metabolism, physiological functions, and signaling of both SA and JA. Here, we present an overview of signaling pathways of SA and JA and how they interact with each other to fine-tune plant defense responses.
水杨酸（SA）和茉莉酸（JA）是植物免疫中最重要的两种植物激素。水杨酸在对抗生物营养型病原体的局部和系统获得性抗性（SAR）中发挥关键作用。而 JA 则有助于抵御坏死性病原体、食草动物和诱导性系统抗性（ISR）。在过去的 30 年中，大量研究阐明了 SA 和 JA 的生物合成、代谢、生理功能和信号传递。在此，我们将概述 SA 和 JA 的信号通路，以及它们如何相互影响以微调植物的防御反应。
{"title":"Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in plant immunity","authors":"Pingyu Zhang, Edan Jackson, Xin Li, Yuelin Zhang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf082","url":null,"abstract":"Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) are the two most important phytohormones in plant immunity. While SA plays pivotal roles in local and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against biotrophic pathogens. JA, on the other hand, contributes to defense against necrotrophic pathogens, herbivores, and induced systemic resistance (ISR). Over the past 30 years, extensive research has elucidated the biosynthesis, metabolism, physiological functions, and signaling of both SA and JA. Here, we present an overview of signaling pathways of SA and JA and how they interact with each other to fine-tune plant defense responses.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a typical crop that accumulates aluminum (Al). Although the physiological mechanisms by which this occurs are well understood, their molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, an integrative approach combining quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of controlled hybridized populations and comparative transcriptomic analysis using samples treated with different Al concentrations was applied to identify candidate genes associated with Al accumulation in tea plants. Consequently, 41 candidate genes were selected using genome functional annotation of the qAl09 locus in the region of 35,256,594–5,737,8817 bp on chromosome 7. Finally, a key gene, CsWRKY17, was identified as encoding a nucleus-localized transcription factor (TF) involved in regulating Al accumulation in tea plants, given the finding of a high correlation between its expression level and Al content in leaves. Overexpression of CsWRKY17 in Arabidopsis increased pectin deesterification, sensitivity to Al stress, and Al accumulation in leaves. Expression of the pectin methylesterase gene CsPME6 was found to be highly consistent with CsWRKY17 expression under various Al concentrations. In addition, experiments using a yeast monoclonal, electrophoresis mobility shift assay, and dual-luciferase reporter system confirmed that CsWRKY17 activated CsPME6 promoter activity. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide silencing revealed a positive association between CsPME6 expression and Al accumulation in tea shoots. In conclusion, this study suggests that CsWRKY17 promoted the process of pectin deesterification by binding to the CsPME6 promoter, thereby enhancing Al enrichment in tea plants. Our findings lay the foundation for studying the precise mechanisms through which Al enriched in tea leaves.
茶树（Camellia sinensis）是一种典型的铝积累作物。尽管人们对其生理机制已经有了很好的了解，但其分子机制仍然难以捉摸。在此，研究人员采用了一种综合方法，将受控杂交群体的定量性状位点（QTL）图谱绘制与使用不同铝浓度处理的样品进行的转录组比较分析相结合，以确定与茶树铝积累相关的候选基因。结果，通过对 7 号染色体上 35,256,594-5,737,8817 bp 区域的 qAl09 基因座进行基因组功能注释，筛选出 41 个候选基因。最后，由于发现 CsWRKY17 的表达水平与叶片中的 Al 含量之间存在高度相关性，因此确定了一个关键基因 CsWRKY17，该基因编码一种参与调控茶树 Al 积累的核定位转录因子 (TF)。在拟南芥中过表达 CsWRKY17 增加了果胶的酯化、对铝胁迫的敏感性以及叶片中的铝积累。研究发现，在不同的铝浓度下，果胶甲基酯酶基因 CsPME6 的表达与 CsWRKY17 的表达高度一致。此外，使用酵母单克隆、电泳迁移分析和双荧光素酶报告系统进行的实验证实，CsWRKY17 激活了 CsPME6 启动子的活性。反义寡去氧核苷酸沉默法揭示了 CsPME6 表达与茶芽中 Al 积累之间的正相关。总之，本研究表明，CsWRKY17通过与CsPME6启动子结合，促进了果胶的酯化过程，从而提高了茶树的铝富集。我们的发现为研究茶叶中铝富集的确切机制奠定了基础。
{"title":"CsWRKY17 enhances Al accumulation by promoting pectin deesterification in tea plant","authors":"Danjuan Huang, Jianqiang Ma, Xun Chen, Hongjuan Wang, Rongrong Tan, Long Jiao, Jiedan Chen, Yingxin Mao, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf085","url":null,"abstract":"The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a typical crop that accumulates aluminum (Al). Although the physiological mechanisms by which this occurs are well understood, their molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, an integrative approach combining quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of controlled hybridized populations and comparative transcriptomic analysis using samples treated with different Al concentrations was applied to identify candidate genes associated with Al accumulation in tea plants. Consequently, 41 candidate genes were selected using genome functional annotation of the qAl09 locus in the region of 35,256,594–5,737,8817 bp on chromosome 7. Finally, a key gene, CsWRKY17, was identified as encoding a nucleus-localized transcription factor (TF) involved in regulating Al accumulation in tea plants, given the finding of a high correlation between its expression level and Al content in leaves. Overexpression of CsWRKY17 in Arabidopsis increased pectin deesterification, sensitivity to Al stress, and Al accumulation in leaves. Expression of the pectin methylesterase gene CsPME6 was found to be highly consistent with CsWRKY17 expression under various Al concentrations. In addition, experiments using a yeast monoclonal, electrophoresis mobility shift assay, and dual-luciferase reporter system confirmed that CsWRKY17 activated CsPME6 promoter activity. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide silencing revealed a positive association between CsPME6 expression and Al accumulation in tea shoots. In conclusion, this study suggests that CsWRKY17 promoted the process of pectin deesterification by binding to the CsPME6 promoter, thereby enhancing Al enrichment in tea plants. Our findings lay the foundation for studying the precise mechanisms through which Al enriched in tea leaves.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pucai (蒲菜) (Typha angustifolia L.) within the Typha spp. is a distinctive semi-aquatic vegetable. Lignin and chlorophyll are two crucial traits and quality indicators for Pucai. In this study, we assembled a 207.00 Mb high-quality gapless genome of Pucai, telomere-to-telomere (T2T) level with a contig N50 length of 13.73 Mb. The most abundant type of repetitive sequence, comprising 16.98% of the genome, is the LTR-RT. A total of 30 telomeres and 15 centromeric regions were predicted. Gene families related to lignin, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and disease resistance were greatly expanded, which played important roles in the adaptation of Pucai to wetlands. The slow evolution of Pucai was indicated by the σ WGD-associated Ks peaks from different Poales and the low activity of recent LTR-RT in Pucai. Meanwhile, we found a unique WGD event in Typhaceae. A statistical analysis and annotation of genomic variations were conducted in inter-species and intra-species of Typha. Based on the T2T genome, we constructed lignin and chlorophyll metabolic pathways of Pucai. Subsequently, the candidate structural genes and transcription factors that regulate lignin and chlorophyll biosynthesis were identified. The T2T genomic resources will provide molecular information for lignin and chlorophyll accumulation and help to understand genome evolution in Pucai.
{"title":"The Telomere-to-telomere genome of Pucai (蒲菜) (Typha angustifolia L.), a distinctive semi-aquatic vegetable with lignin and chlorophyll as quality characteristics","authors":"Ya-Peng Li, Li-Yao Su, Ting Huang, Hui Liu, Shan-Shan Tan, Yuan-Jie Deng, Ya-Hui Wang, Ai-Sheng Xiong","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf079","url":null,"abstract":"Pucai (蒲菜) (Typha angustifolia L.) within the Typha spp. is a distinctive semi-aquatic vegetable. Lignin and chlorophyll are two crucial traits and quality indicators for Pucai. In this study, we assembled a 207.00 Mb high-quality gapless genome of Pucai, telomere-to-telomere (T2T) level with a contig N50 length of 13.73 Mb. The most abundant type of repetitive sequence, comprising 16.98% of the genome, is the LTR-RT. A total of 30 telomeres and 15 centromeric regions were predicted. Gene families related to lignin, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and disease resistance were greatly expanded, which played important roles in the adaptation of Pucai to wetlands. The slow evolution of Pucai was indicated by the σ WGD-associated Ks peaks from different Poales and the low activity of recent LTR-RT in Pucai. Meanwhile, we found a unique WGD event in Typhaceae. A statistical analysis and annotation of genomic variations were conducted in inter-species and intra-species of Typha. Based on the T2T genome, we constructed lignin and chlorophyll metabolic pathways of Pucai. Subsequently, the candidate structural genes and transcription factors that regulate lignin and chlorophyll biosynthesis were identified. The T2T genomic resources will provide molecular information for lignin and chlorophyll accumulation and help to understand genome evolution in Pucai.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yujie Dai, Xiaodan Li, Yeling He, Liya Zhu, Yan Bi, Fengming Song, Dayong Li
Plant immunity involves complex regulatory mechanisms that mediate the activation of defense responses against pathogens. Protein degradation via ubiquitination plays a crucial role in modulating these defenses, with E3 ubiquitin ligases functioning as central regulators. This study investigates the role of SlATL2, an ARABIDOPSIS TÓXICOS EN LEVADURA (ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase localized in the plasma membrane, in the immune response of tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. Our findings demonstrate that SlATL2 expression is induced upon Pst DC3000 infection and treatment with defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Functionally, SlATL2 negatively regulates immune responses, impairing resistance to Pst DC3000 and suppressing flg22-triggered immunity. In addition, SlATL2 limits pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and callose accumulation by targeting the COP9 signalosome subunit 5a (SlCSN5a), a key positive regulator of tomato defense responses against Pst DC3000. This interaction, which occurs via the N-terminal residue of SlATL2, results in the ubiquitination and 26S proteasomal degradation of SlCSN5a, thereby suppressing SA-dependent expression of defense response genes associated and limiting ROS production. This work sheds light on the molecular mechanism through which the E3 ubiquitin ligase SlATL2 attenuates tomato immune responses by targeting a COP9 signalosome subunit for degradation. These discoveries deepen our insights into the post-translational mechanisms governing plant immune responses and provide fresh opportunities to bolster crop resistance against bacterial pathogens.
{"title":"The E3 ubiquitin ligase SlATL2 suppresses tomato immunity by promoting SlCSN5a degradation during pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 infection","authors":"Yujie Dai, Xiaodan Li, Yeling He, Liya Zhu, Yan Bi, Fengming Song, Dayong Li","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhaf078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhaf078","url":null,"abstract":"Plant immunity involves complex regulatory mechanisms that mediate the activation of defense responses against pathogens. Protein degradation via ubiquitination plays a crucial role in modulating these defenses, with E3 ubiquitin ligases functioning as central regulators. This study investigates the role of SlATL2, an ARABIDOPSIS TÓXICOS EN LEVADURA (ATL)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase localized in the plasma membrane, in the immune response of tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. Our findings demonstrate that SlATL2 expression is induced upon Pst DC3000 infection and treatment with defense hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Functionally, SlATL2 negatively regulates immune responses, impairing resistance to Pst DC3000 and suppressing flg22-triggered immunity. In addition, SlATL2 limits pathogen-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and callose accumulation by targeting the COP9 signalosome subunit 5a (SlCSN5a), a key positive regulator of tomato defense responses against Pst DC3000. This interaction, which occurs via the N-terminal residue of SlATL2, results in the ubiquitination and 26S proteasomal degradation of SlCSN5a, thereby suppressing SA-dependent expression of defense response genes associated and limiting ROS production. This work sheds light on the molecular mechanism through which the E3 ubiquitin ligase SlATL2 attenuates tomato immune responses by targeting a COP9 signalosome subunit for degradation. These discoveries deepen our insights into the post-translational mechanisms governing plant immune responses and provide fresh opportunities to bolster crop resistance against bacterial pathogens.","PeriodicalId":13179,"journal":{"name":"Horticulture Research","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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