Reframing Dutch drug policies: a new era for harm reduction.

IF 4 2区 社会学 Q1 SUBSTANCE ABUSE Harm Reduction Journal Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI:10.1186/s12954-024-01071-1
Machteld Busz, Katrin Schiffer, Ancella Voets, Alice Pomfret
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Abstract

In this article the authors offer their perspective on the changes in the Dutch harm reduction field. From the 1970s to the 1990s, the Netherlands emerged as a leader in harm reduction services, driven by grassroots movements like the Medisch-sociale Dienst Heroïne Gebruikers (MDHG) (Medisch-sociale Dienst Heroïne Gebruikers (MDHG) translates to Medical-Social Service Heroin Users in English) in Amsterdam and Junkiebond in Rotterdam. These organisations advocated for health-centred policies, initiated needle exchange programmes, and created safe consumption spaces. Their efforts led to significant public health improvements and policy shifts towards harm reduction, reducing HIV and hepatitis rates among people who use drugs. By the 1980s, harm reduction became institutionalised within local health and social care systems, leading to notable declines in drug-related harm and crime. However, from the 2000s, a shift towards security and crime prevention emerged, influenced by socio-political changes. Increased criminal justice measures and budget cuts for harm reduction services strained the system, making it harder to address emerging drug trends and the complex needs of people who use drugs. Despite challenges, there is renewed momentum for reform, particularly at the local level, advocating for the responsible regulation of psychoactive substances. Amsterdam Mayor Femke Halsema's 2024 conference on drug regulation exemplifies this shift, calling for policies that address prohibition failures and centre harm reduction. International bodies like the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights support this approach, emphasising a health and rights-based framework. As the Netherlands navigates these evolving dynamics, there is a pressing need to reinvest in harm reduction infrastructure, ensuring it meets diverse community needs and reaffirms its foundational rights-affirming principles.

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重塑荷兰毒品政策:减少伤害的新时代。
在这篇文章中,作者对荷兰减低危害领域的变化提出了自己的看法。从20世纪70年代到90年代,在阿姆斯特丹的Medisch-sociale Dienst Heroïne Gebruikers (MDHG) (Medisch-sociale Dienst Heroïne Gebruikers (MDHG) 在英语中译为 "海洛因使用者医疗社会服务")和鹿特丹的Junkiebond等基层运动的推动下,荷兰成为减低危害服务的领导者。这些组织倡导以健康为中心的政策,发起针头交换计划,并创建安全的消费空间。他们的努力极大地改善了公共卫生,政策也转向减少伤害,降低了吸毒者中的艾滋病毒和肝炎发病率。到 20 世纪 80 年代,减低伤害已成为当地医疗和社会保健系统的制度,导致与毒品有关的伤害和犯罪显著下降。然而,从 2000 年代开始,受社会政治变革的影响,出现了向安全和预防犯罪的转变。刑事司法措施的增加和减少危害服务预算的削减使该系统捉襟见肘,更难应对新出现的毒品趋势和吸毒者的复杂需求。尽管面临挑战,但改革的势头正在恢复,特别是在地方层面,倡导对精神活性物质进行负责任的监管。阿姆斯特丹市长费姆克-哈尔塞马(Femke Halsema)在 2024 年召开的毒品监管会议上就体现了这一转变,会议呼吁制定政策,解决禁药失败的问题,并以减少危害为中心。联合国人权事务高级专员等国际机构支持这种方法,强调以健康和权利为基础的框架。在荷兰驾驭这些不断变化的动态时,迫切需要对减少危害基础设施进行再投资,确保其满足不同的社区需求,并重申其基本的权利确认原则。
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来源期刊
Harm Reduction Journal
Harm Reduction Journal Medicine-Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
9.10%
发文量
126
审稿时长
26 weeks
期刊介绍: Harm Reduction Journal is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, online journal whose focus is on the prevalent patterns of psychoactive drug use, the public policies meant to control them, and the search for effective methods of reducing the adverse medical, public health, and social consequences associated with both drugs and drug policies. We define "harm reduction" as "policies and programs which aim to reduce the health, social, and economic costs of legal and illegal psychoactive drug use without necessarily reducing drug consumption". We are especially interested in studies of the evolving patterns of drug use around the world, their implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS and other blood-borne pathogens.
期刊最新文献
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