Update on ketosis in dairy cattle with major emphasis on subclinical ketosis and abdominal adiposity.

IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES Veterinary Medicine and Science Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1002/vms3.1525
Pedro Melendez, Manuel Vizcaino Serrano
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Abstract

The metabolic changes that occur during the early post-partum period in dairy cows can indeed lead to an imbalance in energy utilization, resulting in the production of excessive ketone bodies. This can have detrimental effects on the cow's health and milk production, leading to economic losses for dairy producers. The release of non-esterified fatty acids into the blood due to increased lipolysis is a key factor in the development of ketosis. Abdominal adiposity is a key factor on these outcomes in modern dairy cows. The redirection of energy and glucose towards lactose synthesis and milk yield leaves a deficit of gluconeogenic precursors, leading to the conversion of acetyl-CoA into ketone bodies instead of entering the Krebs cycle. These ketone bodies, including acetone, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, accumulate in the blood and can be detected in various bodily fluids, such as urine, blood and milk, allowing for diagnostic testing. Prevention is indeed crucial in managing ketosis in dairy cattle. Supplementation of propylene glycol in the diet or the use of monensin, either in the diet or in the form of a slow-release bolus, can help prevent the occurrence of ketosis. However, avoiding high body condition (subcutaneous fat) and excessive abdominal adiposity during the dry period and parturition plus an adequate cow comfort are fundamental tasks to avoid ketosis and related disorders. These interventions aim to provide additional energy sources or enhance the cow's ability to utilize energy efficiently, thus reducing the reliance on excessive lipolysis and ketone body production.

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奶牛酮病的最新进展,重点是亚临床酮病和腹部肥胖症。
奶牛产后早期的新陈代谢变化确实会导致能量利用失衡,从而产生过多的酮体。这会对奶牛的健康和产奶量产生不利影响,导致奶牛生产商蒙受经济损失。脂肪分解增加导致非酯化脂肪酸释放到血液中是酮病发生的关键因素。腹部肥胖是现代奶牛出现这些结果的关键因素。能量和葡萄糖被转用于乳糖合成和产奶量,导致糖元前体不足,从而导致乙酰-CoA 转化为酮体,而不是进入克雷布斯循环。这些酮体包括丙酮、乙酰乙酸盐和β-羟基丁酸盐,会在血液中积聚,并可在尿液、血液和牛奶等各种体液中检测到,从而进行诊断测试。预防对于控制奶牛酮病确实至关重要。在日粮中补充丙二醇或使用莫能菌素,无论是在日粮中还是以缓释栓剂的形式,都有助于预防酮病的发生。然而,避免高体况(皮下脂肪)和在干奶期和分娩期腹部脂肪过多,以及适当的奶牛舒适度是避免酮病和相关疾病的基本任务。这些干预措施旨在提供额外的能量来源或提高奶牛有效利用能量的能力,从而减少对过度脂肪分解和酮体产生的依赖。
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来源期刊
Veterinary Medicine and Science
Veterinary Medicine and Science Veterinary-General Veterinary
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
296
期刊介绍: Veterinary Medicine and Science is the peer-reviewed journal for rapid dissemination of research in all areas of veterinary medicine and science. The journal aims to serve the research community by providing a vehicle for authors wishing to publish interesting and high quality work in both fundamental and clinical veterinary medicine and science. Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and research methods papers, along with invited editorials and commentaries. Original research papers must report well-conducted research with conclusions supported by the data presented in the paper. We aim to be a truly global forum for high-quality research in veterinary medicine and science, and believe that the best research should be published and made widely accessible as quickly as possible. Veterinary Medicine and Science publishes papers submitted directly to the journal and those referred from a select group of prestigious journals published by Wiley-Blackwell. Veterinary Medicine and Science is a Wiley Open Access journal, one of a new series of peer-reviewed titles publishing quality research with speed and efficiency. For further information visit the Wiley Open Access website.
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