Attainment of remission and low disease activity after treatment with belimumab in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a post-hoc analysis of pooled data from five randomised clinical trials

Abstract

Background

Disease remission or low disease activity are key treatment targets for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Pivotal trials of belimumab were conducted before the introduction of these targets. In this study, we aimed to pool data across trials to assess attainment of remission and low disease activity in a large, racially and culturally diverse patient population with SLE.

Methods

In this integrated post-hoc analysis, we pooled data from five phase 3 trials of belimumab (BLISS-76 [NCT00410384], BLISS-52 [NCT00424476], BLISS-NEA [NCT01345253], BLISS-SC [NCT01484496], and EMBRACE [NCT01632241]), in patients with active, autoantibody-positive SLE. Patients were randomly assigned to receive belimumab (10 mg/kg per month intravenously or 200 mg per week subcutaneously) or placebo, plus standard therapy. The proportion of patients with Definitions of Remission in SLE (DORIS) remission and lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) were analysed every 4 weeks from week 4 to week 52 for belimumab versus placebo, using modified Poisson regression adjusted for trial variance, in all patients and in subgroups per baseline SLE Disease Activity Index-2000 score (<10 or ≥10); anti-double stranded DNA positivity (yes or no); low complement 3 (C3) or C4 levels (yes or no); anti-dsDNA positivity or low C3 or C4 levels (yes and no); prednisone-equivalent dose (≤7·5 mg per day or >7·5 mg per day); antimalarial use (yes or no); and by race (Black African ancestry or African American, Asian, Indigenous American, or White).

Findings

Data for 3086 patients (1869 in the belimumab group and 1217 in the placebo group) were analysed. 2913 (94%) of 3086 patients were women and 173 (6%) were men, and the median age was 36 years (IQR 28–45). The proportion of patients with DORIS remission was significantly higher in the belimumab group than the placebo group at weeks 28, 48, and 52 (week 52: 148 [8%] of 1869 participants vs 68 [6%] of 1217 participants; risk ratio 1·51 [95% CI 1·15–1·99]; p=0·0055). The proportion of patients who attained LLDAS was higher in the belimumab group than the placebo group at weeks 8, 24, 32–52 (week 52: 322 [17%] of 1869 participants vs 125 [10%] of 1217 participants; 1·74 [1·44–2·12]; p<0·0001). A higher proportion of patients had DORIS remission at week 52 in the belimumab group than the placebo group among all baseline subgroups denoting high disease activity, with the exception of those on a prednisone-equivalent dose higher than 7·5 mg per day in whom there was no difference for DORIS remission with belimumab versus placebo. The proportion of patients with LLDAS was significantly higher among patients in the belimuab group than those who received placebo from week 44 in all baseline subgroups denoting high disease activity or earlier in some subgroups, and the differences were maintained at week 52.

Interpretation

In adults with active SLE, belimumab plus standard therapy yielded greater benefit than placebo plus standard therapy in attaining DORIS remission (for which low rates were attained in both groups) and LLDAS, with differences observed as early as week 28 for DORIS remission and week 8 for LLDAS.

Funding

Swedish Rheumatism Association, King Gustaf V's 80-year Foundation, Swedish Society of Medicine, Nyckelfonden, Professor Nanna Svartz Foundation, Ulla and Roland Gustafsson Foundation, Region Stockholm, and the Karolinska Institutet.