The peripheral nerve: A neglected topic in Charcot's neurological work.

IF 0.3 3区 哲学 Q3 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Journal of the History of the Neurosciences Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI:10.1080/0964704X.2024.2388515
Laurent Tatu, Julien Bogousslavsky
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Abstract

Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) did not show much interest in the peripheral nervous system and its associated pathologies. He found it difficult to place the peripheral nerve within his classification of disorders; it appeared to be an exception to his theories. Even the pathology that he described in 1886 with Pierre Marie (1853-1940), at the same time as Henry Tooth (1856-1925), and which is now known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, was considered by Charcot to be a potential myelopathy. Charcot, like other physicians, paid little heed to the observations made by Louis Duménil (1823-1890) to support the existence of primitive damage to the peripheral nerve. Charcot approached peripheral nerve pathologies through two indirect routes: amyotrophies not explained by spinal or muscular damage, and the trophic cutaneous consequences of what he called névrites (neuritis), the lesional site of which remains debated. It is noteworthy that Charcot's approach to peripheral nervous system disorders differed from that of other neurologists of the same time. Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke (1859-1927) in France was more precise than Charcot in her anatomical and clinical descriptions, and Hugo von Ziemssen (1829-1902) in Germany made effective use of electrodiagnostics. Charcot supported the electrical work of Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-1875), whom he sometimes presented as one of his mentors. The German physician Wilhelm Erb (1840-1921) developed electrodiagnosis by galvanic and faradic currents. Charcot never made use of Erb's electrological advancements. With his electrophysiologist Romain Vigouroux (1831-1911), Charcot used medical electricity only for electrotherapy in hysteria.

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周围神经:沙尔科神经学著作中一个被忽视的主题。
让-马丁-沙尔科(Jean-Martin Charcot,1825-1893 年)对周围神经系统及其相关病症并不感兴趣。他发现很难将周围神经归入他的疾病分类中,这似乎是他理论的一个例外。即使是他在 1886 年与皮埃尔-玛丽(Pierre Marie,1853-1940 年)、亨利-托斯(Henry Tooth,1856-1925 年)同时描述的病理,也就是现在所说的沙尔科-玛丽-托斯神经病,沙尔科也认为这是一种潜在的脊髓病。沙尔科和其他医生一样,对路易-杜梅尼尔(1823-1890 年)提出的支持外周神经存在原始损伤的观点置若罔闻。夏尔科通过两种间接途径来研究周围神经病变:脊柱或肌肉损伤无法解释的肌萎缩,以及他称之为神经炎(névrites)的营养性皮肤后果,其病变部位仍存在争议。值得注意的是,沙尔科治疗周围神经系统疾病的方法与同时代的其他神经学家有所不同。法国的 Augusta Dejerine-Klumpke(1859-1927 年)在解剖和临床描述方面比夏尔科更精确,德国的 Hugo von Ziemssen(1829-1902 年)则有效地利用了电诊断技术。沙尔科支持纪尧姆-杜尚-德-布洛涅(Guillaume Duchenne de Boulogne,1806-1875 年)的电学工作,他有时还把杜尚-德-布洛涅当作自己的导师之一。德国医生威廉-埃尔布(Wilhelm Erb,1840-1921 年)开发了利用电流和法拉第电流进行电诊断的方法。沙尔科从未利用埃尔布在电学方面的进步。沙尔科与他的电生理学家罗曼-维古鲁(1831-1911 年)一起,仅将医用电用于癔病的电疗。
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来源期刊
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
Journal of the History of the Neurosciences 社会科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
20.00%
发文量
55
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of the History of the Neurosciences is the leading communication platform dealing with the historical roots of the basic and applied neurosciences. Its domains cover historical perspectives and developments, including biographical studies, disorders, institutions, documents, and instrumentation in neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychiatry, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neurochemistry, neuropsychology, and the behavioral neurosciences. The history of ideas, changes in society and medicine, and the connections with other disciplines (e.g., the arts, philosophy, psychology) are welcome. In addition to original, full-length papers, the journal welcomes informative short communications, letters to the editors, book reviews, and contributions to its NeuroWords and Neurognostics columns. All manuscripts are subject to initial appraisal by an Editor, and, if found suitable for further consideration, full- and short-length papers are subject to peer review (double blind, if requested) by at least 2 anonymous referees.
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