The impact of pre-empting dual food quality regulation on product reformulation and packaging

IF 6.8 1区经济学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS & POLICY Food Policy Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.foodpol.2024.102707

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Abstract

The objective of this paper is to analyse the changes in the occurrence of the Differences in Composition of Seemingly Identical, branded food Products (DC-SIP) – also known as “dual food quality” – in the EU and the role of the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD) in affecting the food industry’s packaging and recipe formulation choices of branded food products. The occurrence of DC-SIP has decreased from 31 % in 2018/2019 to 24 % in 2021. Our regression results show that companies are more likely to alter the front packaging rather than the composition of the products to address DC-SIP issues. The likelihood that changes in recipe reformulations and front packaging are introduced simultaneously is statistically significant but not all recipe reformulations are introduced jointly with changes in front packaging. Our results provide evidence that the UCPD regulation plays a role in companies reformulating recipes or/and changing the product packaging, but it is not a main driver. Companies often justify the composition differences in DC-SIP by differences in market conditions across Member States. The DC-SIP provisions in the UCPD give companies several options for addressing DC-SIP. For this reason, it is not a significant factor in impacting the companies' choices to reformulate or change the packaging of products.

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先发制人的双重食品质量法规对产品配方和包装的影响

本文旨在分析欧盟 "看似相同的品牌食品成分差异"（DC-SIP）--又称 "双重食品质量"--发生率的变化，以及《不公平商业行为指令》（UCPD）在影响食品行业品牌食品包装和配方选择方面的作用。DC-SIP 的发生率从 2018/2019 年的 31% 降至 2021 年的 24%。我们的回归结果显示，企业更有可能改变正面包装而非产品成分来解决 DC-SIP 问题。同时改变配方和正面包装的可能性在统计上是显著的，但并不是所有配方的改变都与正面包装的改变同时进行。我们的研究结果证明，UCPD 法规在企业重新配制配方或/和改变产品包装方面发挥了一定的作用，但并不是主要的驱动因素。企业往往以各成员国市场条件的不同来解释 DC-SIP 的成分差异。UCPD 中的 DC-SIP 条款为企业提供了解决 DC-SIP 问题的多种选择。因此，DC-SIP 并不是影响企业选择重新配制或改变产品包装的重要因素。

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来源期刊

Food Policy 管理科学-农业经济与政策

CiteScore

11.40

自引率

4.60%

发文量

128

审稿时长

62 days

期刊介绍： Food Policy is a multidisciplinary journal publishing original research and novel evidence on issues in the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of policies for the food sector in developing, transition, and advanced economies. Our main focus is on the economic and social aspect of food policy, and we prioritize empirical studies informing international food policy debates. Provided that articles make a clear and explicit contribution to food policy debates of international interest, we consider papers from any of the social sciences. Papers from other disciplines (e.g., law) will be considered only if they provide a key policy contribution, and are written in a style which is accessible to a social science readership.