4D printed Electroactive carbon fiber and carbon nanotube synergistically reinforced composites for supporting personalized insole

IF 6.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES Composites Communications Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1016/j.coco.2024.102049

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Abstract

Smart footwear plays a vital role in walk correction, with mechanical behavior and shape memory effect (SME) being essential aspects. To create personalized smart insoles, we developed a novel blend of polylactic acid (PLA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and carbon nanotubes (CNT) via melting-extrusion for a continuous-fiber 3D printer. Diverse insole support unit-cell structures (triangular, rhombus, grid) were fabricated with PLA/TPU/CNT filaments, incorporating continuous carbon fibers (CFs) in the front, middle, and back parts of a particular orthopedic insole. The compressive strength and modulus of samples unexpectedly decreased upon CNT incorporation. However, CNT in the TPU phase improved the shape memory performance, shortening the recovery time by 58 %. CF-reinforced composites exhibited excellent mechanical properties and SME; the front triangular structure showed a 13.4 times increase in compressive strength and a 22.6 times increase in modulus compared to free-fiber composites. The printed samples demonstrated remarkable electro-induced shape memory properties due to the dual conductive network formed by CF and CNT. Our PLA/TPU/CNT/CF (nano-) composite is well-suited for personalized shape-memory insole applications, offering enhanced mechanical performance and electro-induced shape-memory capabilities.

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用于支持个性化鞋垫的 4D 打印电活性碳纤维和碳纳米管协同增强复合材料

智能鞋在矫正行走方面发挥着重要作用，其中机械行为和形状记忆效应（SME）是必不可少的方面。为了制造个性化的智能鞋垫，我们开发了一种新型的聚乳酸（PLA）、热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）和碳纳米管（CNT）混合物，通过连续纤维三维打印机进行熔融挤出。利用聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）/碳纳米管（CNT）长丝，在特定矫形鞋垫的前部、中部和后部加入连续碳纤维（CF），制成了不同的鞋垫支撑单元格结构（三角形、菱形、网格）。加入碳纳米管后，样品的抗压强度和模量意外下降。不过，热塑性聚氨酯相中的碳纳米管改善了形状记忆性能，使恢复时间缩短了 58%。CF 增强复合材料表现出优异的机械性能和 SME；与自由纤维复合材料相比，前三角形结构的抗压强度提高了 13.4 倍，模量提高了 22.6 倍。由于 CF 和 CNT 形成了双重导电网络，印刷样品表现出了显著的电诱导形状记忆特性。我们的聚乳酸/热塑性聚氨酯/碳纳米管/碳纤维（纳米）复合材料非常适合个性化形状记忆鞋垫应用，具有更高的机械性能和电致形状记忆能力。

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来源期刊

Composites Communications Materials Science-Ceramics and Composites

CiteScore

12.10

自引率

10.00%

发文量

340

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： Composites Communications (Compos. Commun.) is a peer-reviewed journal publishing short communications and letters on the latest advances in composites science and technology. With a rapid review and publication process, its goal is to disseminate new knowledge promptly within the composites community. The journal welcomes manuscripts presenting creative concepts and new findings in design, state-of-the-art approaches in processing, synthesis, characterization, and mechanics modeling. In addition to traditional fiber-/particulate-reinforced engineering composites, it encourages submissions on composites with exceptional physical, mechanical, and fracture properties, as well as those with unique functions and significant application potential. This includes biomimetic and bio-inspired composites for biomedical applications, functional nano-composites for thermal management and energy applications, and composites designed for extreme service environments.